Article
Thermodynamics
Sina Kheirkhah, Omer L. Gulder
Summary: The article reviews the validity of the flamelet assumption in turbulent premixed flames and discusses the discrepancies between the assumption and actual flame behavior. It suggests that relaxing the flamelet assumption can better explain the combustion speed and behavior of turbulent premixed flames.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
A. N. Lipatnikov, V. A. Sabelnikov
Summary: The study analyzes DNS data from a lean, complex chemistry, hydrogen-air flame to examine three different models for evaluating mean concentrations of various species in turbulent combustion research. The best predictions are obtained by using a Probability Density Function to average species mole fractions and density directly from laminar-flame profiles. This approach proves useful for evaluating mean mole fractions of different species in turbulent flames.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yuki Minamoto, Kherlen Jigjid, Rentaro Igari, Mamoru Tanahashi
Summary: This study investigates the effect of flame-flame interaction on scalar distribution in the context of large eddy simulation using direct numerical simulation (DNS) results. It is found that flame-flame interaction events lead to the loss of bimodality in the scalar field, and areas with non-bimodal scalar distribution have small scalar gradients.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Hazim Shehab, Hiroaki Watanabe, Yuki Minamoto, Ryoichi Kurose, Toshiaki Kitagawa
Summary: Three-dimensional direct numerical simulations were used to investigate the influence of turbulence-flame interactions on flame structure and morphology. The most significant fuel consumption and heat release rates were found at negatively-curved flamelets. The shape of intense reaction zones was quantified and compared to planar flames, showing complex shapes like tubes and pancakes. As turbulence level increased, the number of intense reaction zones also increased, expanding to cover more parts of the flame front.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Arun Ravi Varma, Umair Ahmed, Markus Klein, Nilanjan Chakraborty
Summary: The relationship between turbulent burning velocity, bending effect, and flame surface area is discussed, along with the effects of tangential strain rate, normal strain rate, displacement speed, and curvature.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Guo-Peng Zhang, Guo-Xiu Li, Hong-Meng Li, Jia-Cheng Lv
Summary: The study examines the effects of different diluents on the propagation characteristics of H2/CO/air mixture turbulent premixed flames. Increasing hydrogen fraction, turbulence intensity, or equivalence ratio leads to higher ST and ut. CO2 dilution shows a stronger inhibitory effect on ST compared to N2 dilution.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
R. Schiessl, V Bykov
Summary: In this study, ridge analysis is applied to characterize reaction zones in non-premixed combustion, and the effectiveness of the method is explored in three-dimensional simulation data. The results demonstrate that ridge analysis can accurately locate and describe the characteristics of reaction zones, and reveal different types of reaction zone geometries.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Andrej Sternin, Daniel Martinez, Daniel Sternin, Oskar Haidn, Martin Tajmar
Summary: This work aims to provide support for the design of reliable DNSs for statistically planar flames. Improved simulation design strategies are developed, as well as a deterministic calculation strategy for mesh features. Guidelines and measurement techniques are proposed for choosing design parameter values and determining characteristic points within the flame front.
Article
Thermodynamics
Daniel Martinez-Sanchis, Andrej Sternin, Kenneth Tagscherer, Daniel Sternin, Oskar Haidn, Martin Tajmar
Summary: Direct numerical simulations were used to investigate a turbulent premixed stoichiometric methane-oxygen flame in modern rocket combustors. The flame front was found to be thin with high density gradients, while the variable-density transport mechanisms dominated in the middle of the flame, resulting in the generation of vorticity and turbulence. The competition between the baroclinic torque and vortex dilatation was identified as the key factor for vorticity transport during intermediate combustion progress. Convergent and divergent flame propagation promoted turbulence creation through pressure fluctuation gradients.
FLOW TURBULENCE AND COMBUSTION
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wei Li, Qian Wang, Yong Jiang
Summary: This study investigates the inhibition efficiency and mechanism of DMMP against turbulent flames. The flame brush expands with increasing turbulent intensity, and the inhibition efficiency depends on turbulent intensity and relative size of vortices and flame front thickness.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Daniel Martinez-Sanchis, Andrej Sternin, Oskar Haidn, Martin Tajmar
Summary: Direct numerical simulations are used to investigate the turbulent mixing burning of fuel-rich methane-oxygen flames in rocket engines. The results show that a significant amount of premixed combustion occurs in the non-premixed configuration, and turbulence increases the fraction of propellants burnt in oxygen-rich and near-stoichiometric conditions, influencing combustion completion at downstream positions.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zinong Zuo, Zhennan Zhu, Kun Liang, Xiuchao Bao, Dongjian Zeng, Lingan Kong
Summary: Diluents decrease adiabatic flame temperature and thermal diffusivity, resulting in decreased laminar burning velocity; carbon dioxide has a stronger inhibitory effect than nitrogen. Flame instability is not sensitive to diluent gas fraction or type.
Article
Thermodynamics
Qingshuang Fan, Xin Liu, Leilei Xu, Arman Ahamed Subash, Christian Brackmann, Marcus Alden, Xue-Song Bai, Zhongshan Li
Summary: This paper presents experimental studies on the structures and burning velocities of premixed ammonia/air jet flames at high Karlovitz number conditions. NH and OH radicals were measured using PLIF imaging and LDA measurements. The results show that the NH layer remains thin and continuous, the NH and OH layers overlap in a thin region, and the turbulent burning velocity is linearly related to the turbulent intensity.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wenjun Lin, Jinhua Wang, Runze Mao, Weijie Zhang, Hao Xia, Meng Zhang, Zuohua Huang
Summary: In this study, experimental research was conducted to investigate the differential diffusion and turbulence effects on the flame structure when adding DME to a lean premixed CH4/air Bunsen flame. The results showed that DME addition and turbulence can make the flame curvature distribution more symmetrical, with DME having a minor effect on curvature as turbulence intensity increases. Additionally, DME addition decreased turbulent burning velocity, while the interaction between turbulence and differential diffusion effect promoted changes in the flame surface density distribution.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhen Lu, Yue Yang
Summary: This study investigates the pressure effects on turbulent burning velocity and flame surface area, particularly the impact of enhanced stretch factor at high pressures. By combining sub models for stretch factor and flame surface area, a predictive model for turbulent burning velocity is developed, showing good agreement with DNS results.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Rixin Yu, Thommie Nilsson, Geert Brethouwer, Nilanjan Chakraborty, Andrei Lipatnikov
Summary: The evolution equation for the displacement speed, derived in a recent work, represents the interaction of complex mechanisms related to straining by the velocity field, surface curvature, and the scalar gradient. The study aims to provide detailed physical explanations and a new perspective on the mechanisms responsible for variations in the displacement speed. The analysis of statistically planar reaction wave propagation in turbulence shows the occurrence of negative displacement speed, particularly at high Karlovitz numbers.
FLOW TURBULENCE AND COMBUSTION
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
A. N. Lipatnikov, V. A. Sabelnikov, N. V. Nikitin, S. Nishiki, T. Hasegawa
Summary: The study reveals that combustion-induced thermal expansion significantly affects the flow structure, especially in the local structure of unburned reactants. This effect is amplified by the density ratio and is present not only within the mean flame brush but also upstream.
FLOW TURBULENCE AND COMBUSTION
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
R. Yu, T. Nilsson, C. Fureby, A. N. Lipatnikov
Summary: This study investigates the evolution equations of displacement speed on reactive surfaces in turbulent premixed flames. New evolution equations for contributions from curvature, normal diffusion, and chemical reaction are derived, supplemented with a curvature-evolution equation. The thermal expansion weakly affects key terms in the evolution equations, while the flow plays a major role in influencing the terms except for curvature.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Hsu Chew Lee, Peng Dai, Minping Wan, Andrei N. Lipatnikov
Summary: Unsteady three-dimensional direct numerical simulations were conducted to study the effect of molecular transport coefficients on turbulent burning velocity in lean hydrogen-air flames. The results show that the differences in transport coefficients significantly impact the burning velocity, which is controlled by Lewis number effects rather than preferential diffusion effects. This impact is more pronounced in leaner flames.
Article
Mechanics
Andrei N. Lipatnikov, Vladimir A. Sabelnikov
Summary: This study explores the influence of flame folding on the local flame structure in a turbulent flow. The results show that flame folding does not significantly affect the validity of the flamelet paradigm, as analyzed using a new diagnostic technique.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Andrei N. Lipatnikov, Vladimir A. Sabelnikov
Summary: This paper aims to overview different definitions of Karlovitz number, compare them, and suggest the most appropriate choice of Karlovitz number for each combustion regime boundary. Moreover, the influence of complex combustion chemistry on the thickness and various Karlovitz numbers and their relations is explored based on simulation results of laminar premixed flames.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hsu Chew Lee, Peng Dai, Minping Wan, Andrei N. Lipatnikov
Summary: This study compares the roles played by the leading and trailing edges of a premixed turbulent flame brush in its propagation by analyzing the data obtained from 16 hydrogen-air flames in intense turbulence. The analysis shows that preferential diffusion of hydrogen significantly increases the local fuel consumption and heat release rates near the leading or trailing edges of the flame brushes. Furthermore, the turbulent burning velocities computed by activating preferential diffusion for hydrogen are higher than those computed for other species, indicating the important role of the leading edge in the propagation of turbulent flames.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Vladimir A. Sabelnikov, Andrei N. Lipatnikov, Nikolay V. Nikitin, Francisco E. Hernandez-Perez, Hong G. Im
Summary: The influence of combustion-induced thermal expansion on turbulence in unburned gas was explored through analysis of two turbulent lean hydrogen-air flames. The study found significant effects of thermal expansion on potential structure functions in unburned reactants, emphasizing the importance of advanced turbulence models in flames.
Article
Energy & Fuels
HsuChew Lee, Abouelmagd Abdelsamie, Peng Dai, Minping Wan, Andrei N. Lipatnikov
Summary: This article uses numerical simulations to study the characteristics of seven highly turbulent lean hydrogen-air flames. The results show that using the mixture-averaged model significantly increases the turbulent burning velocity, especially in lean flames. The turbulence length scale also affects the burning velocity, and the fuel consumption rate exhibits universality in different cases.
Article
Mechanics
Vladimir A. Sabelnikov, Andrei N. Lipatnikov, Nikolay V. Nikitin, Francisco E. Hernandez-Perez, Hong G. Im
Summary: This study aims to analyze and numerically explore the influence of combustion-induced thermal expansion on turbulence in premixed flames. A new criterion for assessing the importance of the thermal expansion effects is introduced, and the direct numerical simulation (DNS) data supports the theoretical study.
Article
Mechanics
H. C. Lee, P. Dai, M. Wan, A. N. Lipatnikov
Summary: Direct numerical simulation data is used to analyze the effect of molecular diffusion on flame surface density, displacement speed, and flame surface density transport equation terms in turbulent lean hydrogen-air flames. The results show that the increase in turbulent burning rates is mainly due to an increase in local fuel consumption rate, rather than an increase in flame surface area. This phenomenon is more prominent in richer flames and particularly near the flame leading edges.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
V. A. Sabelnikov, A. N. Lipatnikov, N. V. Nikitin, F. E. Hernandez Perez, H. G. Im
Summary: The direction of inter-scale transfer of scalar variance between subgrid scale (SGS) and resolved scalar fields in turbulent flames is explored. The backscatter of scalar variance from SGS to resolved scales is observed, even in highly turbulent flames. This backscatter is primarily influenced by the potential velocity perturbations generated due to dilatation in instantaneous local flames and is substantially promoted by the alignment of spatial gradient and potential-velocity contribution to the local SGS scalar flux. These findings suggest the need for the development of SGS models capable of predicting backscatter in large eddy simulations of turbulent flames.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Andrei N. Lipatnikov, Vladimir A. Sabelnikov
Summary: This study focuses on the influence of the combustion progress variable on flame and flow characteristics in a lean hydrogen-air complex chemistry flame. It is found that as the combustion progress increases, the fluctuations of local flame characteristics decrease, but the turbulence characteristics and flame-turbulence interaction do not decrease significantly. This is hypothesized to be caused by the reduction of turbulence residence time due to combustion-induced acceleration of the local flow.
Article
Thermodynamics
Andrei N. Lipatnikov
Summary: In this study, unsteady three-dimensional DNS data obtained previously by Dave et al. (2020; J Fluid Mech 884. A46) is processed to test a perfectly stirred reactor model. The results indicate that it is difficult to satisfy the constraint of Delta 0.5dL in contemporary unsteady multidimensional numerical simulations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Jerzy Chomiak, Andrei N. Lipatnikov
Summary: By comparing the effect of strain rates on laminar flame instabilities and the strain rates generated by small-scale turbulent eddies, this study suggests a simple criterion to evaluate the importance of instabilities in increasing the premixed flame surface area in turbulent flows.