Article
Optics
Kevin Rainey, Steve Gilbertson, Daniel Kalb, Thomas Beery
Summary: The study developed a method called Modulation Based Ranging (MBR) for directly measuring displacement of a moving surface in dynamic or high explosive driven experiments. It effectively overcame errors associated with integrating velocity history of objects undergoing non-radial flow, and demonstrated high accuracy in measuring displacement. The MBR technique showed excellent agreement with the Photonic Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) integrated velocity measurements in the absence of non-radial flow, and accurately measured true displacement of surfaces under strong non-radial components.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Suoqing Ji, Jim Fuller, Daniel Lecoanet
Summary: The Tayler instability is a poorly studied magnetohydrodynamic instability that is likely to occur in stellar interiors. The non-linear saturation of the instability is not well understood, but it has crucial consequences for dynamo action and angular momentum transport in radiative regions of stars.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Dario Russo, Stefano Ricci
Summary: This article introduces an innovative flow emulator board (FEB) that can simulate programmable velocity profiles with known characteristics. It can replace traditional flow rigs for testing pulsed wave Doppler methods and electronic systems.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
David Saltzman, Stephen Lynch
Summary: This study shows that the surface roughness of metal additive manufacturing heat exchangers increases pressure losses and results in an earlier transition to turbulent-like flow behavior.
JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Bitong Wang, H. Douglas Kelley
Summary: Ultrasound Doppler velocimetry (UDV) is a commonly used technique for measuring flow in metal melts, but suffers from low reliability due to poorly understood phenomena. This study found that oxide inclusions are the main source of bulk echoes in gallium, with Mie scattering being the dominant scattering mechanism. The research also identified two distinct mechanisms for signal degradation: loss of echoing objects in the bulk and deterioration of acoustic coupling and wetting at the transducer surface.
FLOW MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Florian Burkle, Jurgen Czarske, Lars Buettner
Summary: This study combines Laser Doppler Velocity Profile Sensor (LDV-PS) with Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) to solve the problem of simultaneous non-intrusive temperature and velocity measurements in flows. In an air flow experiment, relative velocity uncertainties of 0.4% and temperature uncertainties of 0.24°C with a spatial resolution of 10 μm are achieved. The method has the potential to be applied in various thermal flows and improve the energy efficiency of microfluidic devices.
FLOW MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION
(2022)
Article
Acoustics
Ce Zhang, Wei Ma
Summary: This paper introduces two frequency-domain beamforming methods, the virtual rotating array (VRA) method and the mode composition beamforming (MCB) method, for rotating sound source localization. Compared with the VRA method, the MCB method overcomes the constraint of microphone array configuration and avoids interpolation error. However, the computational efficiency of MCB is limited by the computation of modal transfer functions. To improve efficiency, this paper proposes an expression that calculates modal transfer functions at each considered frequency through intermediate variables that are independent of frequency.
JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Christopher L. Sercel, Tate M. Gill, Benjamin A. Jorns
Summary: The induced magnetic field during acceleration in a pulsed rotating magnetic field (RMF) thruster is experimentally investigated. The plasma currents induced in the thruster are shown to be able to form a field-reversed configuration plasmoid, and the Lorentz force resulting from the induced magnetic field contributes to about 25% of the measured thrust.
PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Jianhua Chen, Jiao Li, Yin Wang, Wei Ren, Hui Li
Summary: This paper achieved the chip preparation of a synchronous initiation array utilizing MEMS technology, replacing traditional electric detonator arrays with a smaller volume and batch preparation capability. Testing the electrical explosion parameters produced crucial data under different ignition voltages, while a new method of testing synchronization using multi-channel photonic doppler velocimetry was proposed and provided useful insights for optimization.
MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS B
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
C. A. Ortiz-Rodriguez, P. J. Kaepylae, F. H. Navarrete, D. R. G. Schleicher, R. E. Mennickent, J. P. Hidalgo, B. Toro-Velasquez
Summary: This study explores the magnetic and flow properties of fully convective M dwarfs using a star-in-a-box set-up. The results show systematic differences in the behavior of the large-scale magnetic field as functions of rotation period and magnetic Prandtl number.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Shyeh Tjing Loi
Summary: The complex interplay of rotation and magnetism in evolved stars requires proper modeling of both factors to draw robust conclusions about the existence of a core magnetic field in any given object.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Scott R. Burge, Kiril D. Hristovski, Russell G. Burge, Daniel Saboe, David A. Hoffman, Steven S. Koenigsberg
Summary: This study demonstrates a novel technology for monitoring changes in electrical potential of unsaturated soils using biofilm-populated electrodes. Using biofilm-populated electrodes as references in stable environments can successfully assess and monitor the electrochemical potential generated by plants and microorganisms. The findings suggest that long-term and real-time measurements of open-circuit potential in unsaturated soils are possible.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Megan K. Russ, Nicole M. Lafata, Scott H. Robertson, Ehsan Samei
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy, reproducibility, and inter-scanner variability of ultrasound flow velocity measurements using a flow phantom. The impact of systematic acquisition parameters on measured flow velocity accuracy was also investigated.
Article
Acoustics
Xiaoyue Jiang, Vincent Perrot, Francois Varray, Stephen Bart, Peter G. Hartwell
Summary: This article presents the design and performance validation of a 1.5 x 1.5 mm² piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) array for radial artery motion tracking. Through experiments, the important parameters of the array are determined, and its application in measuring radial artery dynamics in the human body is demonstrated.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Amy A. Bowyer, Anthony D. Mai, Haobo Guo, Elizabeth J. New
Summary: With the advantages of easy sample preparation and lower instrument cost compared to traditional techniques, optical sensor arrays have gained popularity in detecting harmful metal ions. In this study, a unique array consisting of a single fluorescent sensor was developed. This sensor, Coum4-DPA, showed distinctive responses to different metal ions under varying pH conditions. Using this simple sensing platform, 10 metal ions in various water sources were successfully classified, and Pb2+ in tap water was quantified using only one fluorescent sensor, a few pH buffers, and two sets of spectral data. This novel approach significantly reduces the time and cost associated with probe synthesis and data collection, making it highly applicable to real-world metal sensing applications.
CHEMISTRY-AN ASIAN JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Lars Grueter, Richard Nauber, Juergen W. Czarske
Summary: This study presents a method for direct ultrasound imaging in harsh environments, such as high-temperature melts. A waveguide is used to protect the ultrasound transducer while allowing acoustic access to the measured medium. A calibration method is proposed to compensate for complex propagation inside the waveguide. Real-time imaging of gas bubbles in a molten nitrate salt demonstrates the potential of the method for monitoring dynamic processes.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Felix Schindler, Sven Eckert, Till Zuerner, Joerg Schumacher, Tobias Vogt
Summary: In highly turbulent liquid metal convection experiments, the large-scale flow structure and the turbulent transfer of heat and momentum were directly measured. It was found that the aspect ratio has a significant impact on the scaling laws for heat and momentum transfer.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ivan Glavinic, Vladimir Galindo, Frank Stefani, Sven Eckert, Thomas Wondrak
Summary: This article presents the recent developments of Contactless Inductive Flow Tomography (CIFT) as a real-time monitoring system for flow control of liquid metals. By compensating for the effects of EMBr strength changes and solving the inverse problem in real-time, CIFT can be successfully integrated with EMBr.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ivan Glavinic, Imamul Muttakin, Shereen Abouelazayem, Artem Blishchik, Frank Stefani, Sven Eckert, Manuchehr Soleimani, Iheb Saidani, Jaroslav Hlava, Sasa Kenjeres, Thomas Wondrak
Summary: Continuous casting is a major method for steel production worldwide. The flow condition in the mould during initial solidification significantly affects the quality of steel products. This study introduces a new concept of using contactless inductive flow tomography as a sensor for a novel controller to regulate the flow. The controller adjusts the strength of an electromagnetic brake based on the reconstructed flow structure in the mould.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
David Weik, Lars Grueter, Dirk Raebiger, Sanjay Singh, Tobias Vogt, Sven Eckert, Juergen Czarske, Lars Buettner
Summary: This study introduces the ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) method into liquid metal experiments for the first time, achieving a higher spatial resolution by using an adaptive nonlinear beamformer. It allows for the observation of high-velocity gradients and recirculation areas in liquid metal convection experiments.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Biology
Felix Schmieder, Rouhollah Habibey, Johannes Striebel, Lars Buettner, Juergen Czarske, Volker Busskamp
Summary: We improved a glia-neuron co-culture protocol and utilized full-field optogenetic and holographic stimulation to assess the electrical features and functional connectivity patterns of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuronal networks.
LIFE SCIENCE ALLIANCE
(2022)
Article
Optics
Jiawei Sun, Jiachen Wu, Song Wu, Ruchi Goswami, Salvatore Girardo, Liangcai Cao, Jochen Guck, Nektarios Koukourakis, Juergen W. Czarske
Summary: Quantitative phase imaging is a label-free technique that provides morphology and quantitative biophysical information in biomedicine. We have developed a computational lensless microendoscope using an ultra-thin bare multi-core fiber which enables high resolution and sensitivity quantitative phase imaging, offering potential clinical applications for in vivo pathological diagnosis.
LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
H. Neumann-Heyme, N. Shevchenko, J. Grenzer, K. Eckert, C. Beckermann, S. Eckert
Summary: This study utilized high-resolution synchrotron radiography and advanced image processing techniques to quantitatively measure the growth process of dendrite tips in solidifying alloys, finding values for dendrite tip shape selection parameter and nonaxisymmetric dendrite tip shape amplitude coefficient.
PHYSICAL REVIEW MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Peter Juestel, Sebastian Roehrborn, Sven Eckert, Vladimir Galindo, Thomas Gundrum, Rodion Stepanov, Frank Stefani
Summary: This study investigates the synchronization of helicity in a liquid-metal Rayleigh-Benard experiment under the influence of a tide-like electromagnetic forcing. It is found that the large-scale circulation in the cylindrical vessel can be entrained by the tidal period, leading to synchronized helicity oscillations with opposite signs in two half-spaces.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tobias Lappan, Dominic Herting, Muhammad Ziauddin, Julian Stenzel, Natalia Shevchenko, Sven Eckert, Kerstin Eckert, Sascha Heitkam
Summary: In mineral processing, froth flotation is used to recover valuable mineral particles through overflowing froth. However, the velocity profile of the overflowing froth beneath its free surface cannot be observed optically. This study combines X-ray radiography and particle tracking velocimetry to measure local flow velocities within an optically opaque foam at a weir. Tracer particles were used to trace the flow in X-ray image sequences, and the velocity profile above the weir crest was determined.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Editorial Material
Optics
Juergen W. Czarske, Nektarios Koukourakis, Lars Buettner
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN OPTICAL SOCIETY-RAPID PUBLICATIONS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Optics
Jiawei Sun, Juergen W. W. Czarske
Summary: Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is a method used for studying biological specimens and technical objects. Traditional methods often have issues with image quality, including the twin image artifact. A novel computational framework is proposed, allowing high-quality inline holographic imaging from a single intensity image. This paradigm shift holds promise for advanced QPI of cells and tissues.
LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Qian Zhang, Sujay Charania, Stefan Rothe, Nektarios Koukourakis, Niels Neumann, Dirk Plettemeier, Juergen W. Czarske
Summary: According to Moore's law, the density of integrated circuits is increasing in all dimensions, including 3D stacked chip networks. Multimode optical interconnects on a silicon interposer can provide high throughput for modern hardware platforms in a restricted space. Physical layer security is an approach that utilizes the uniqueness of the data channel to ensure confidential communication between multiple chips in high-performance infrastructures. Experimental results show that physical layer security can be applied to multimode interconnects on silicon interposers for confidential optical 3D chip networks.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Sylvie Su, Tianyi Niu, Tobias Vogt, Sven Eckert
Summary: The capabilities of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors to measure temperature variations in liquid flows without encapsulation were investigated in this study. Experimental tests were conducted using thin glass fibers placed under defined tension to improve their stiffness and immobility. The results showed that the FBG sensors can accurately measure relative temperature and obtain absolute temperature readings through appropriate correction. The study discusses the capabilities and limitations of this measurement technique for detecting temperature fields in liquid flows.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Hannes Emmerich, Leon Knupfer, Sascha Heitkam, Eric Starke, Pavel Trtik, Ludwig Schaller, David Weik, Juergen Czarske
Summary: This article reports on a novel instrumentation method for measuring low liquid fraction foam, offering high spatial and temporal resolution, which is of great significance for real-time monitoring of foam parameters in industrial applications.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Budi Rochmanto, Hari Setiapraja, Ihwan Haryono, Siti Yubaidah
Summary: This study calibrates a turbine flowmeter for compressed natural gas (CNG) application by using air as a substitute and simulating the kinematic viscosity property of CNG. The research shows that by using air instead of CNG, the flowmeter can achieve accurate measurements with a measurement uncertainty of less than 1%.
FLOW MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Mona Mary Varghese, Chaithanya P. Devan, Samiksha M. Masram, Teja Reddy Vakamalla
Summary: This work investigated the influence of particle shape on fluidization behavior at different inlet superficial gas velocities. The experiments were conducted using a laboratory-scale 3D circular fluidized bed column with Geldart D particles of various shapes. The results showed that non-spherical particles had lower minimum fluidization velocities and higher bed expansion compared to spherical particles. Particle shape significantly affected solids holdup, with spherical particles exhibiting higher solids holdup at the same superficial velocity. Frequency domain analysis of pressure signals using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Power Spectral Density (PSD) revealed flow regime transitions associated with changes in particle shape.
FLOW MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Ruiming Yu, Yunyan Ma, Kuaile Liu, Xiangyu Liu
Summary: A single-seat control valve with stable flow regulation is researched and designed to address technical problems such as unstable flow at small openings and uneven force on the valve core. The mechanical and flow characteristics, as well as thermal stress, are analyzed through simulations and tests. The results show that the designed valve meets the requirements.
FLOW MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Alcemir Costa de Souza, Ewerton Emmanuel da Silva Calixto, Fernando Luiz Pellegrini Pessoa, Valeria L. da Sila, Luiz Octavio Vieira Pereira
Summary: This study proposes a simple CO2 meter for accurately measuring the CO2 content in Brazilian pre-salt production flows. By analyzing the pressure change during a heating assay of an imprisoned sample, the proposed meter is capable of identifying the mixture properties under different CO2 levels.
FLOW MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Mehdi Asadi, S. Abbas Hosseini, Kaveh Ahangari
Summary: Due to technical issues with bottom intake racks, porous intakes made of rock, gravel, or sand can be a viable alternative. This study used an experimental model to assess the performance of porous bottom intakes (PBI) and examined the impacts of various parameters such as channel slope, grain size distribution of the porous media, intake structure geometry, and water depth in the channel on diverted flow rates during sediment-free flow. The study also compared the performance of one-sided and three-sided PBI models under the same conditions. The findings suggest that a slope of 1% yields higher discharge coefficient and diverted flow compared to a slope of 1.68%, and three-sided PBI models outperform one-sided models in terms of flow rate. A formula utilizing nonlinear multivariate regression, experimental data, and dimensional analysis was proposed for calculating the discharge coefficient of PBI, with a high accuracy rate of over 95%.
FLOW MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION
(2024)
