Article
Environmental Sciences
Kelsey N. Bryant, Jeffrey Stenzel, Justin Mathias, Hyojung Kwon, Crystal A. Kolden, Laurel Lynch, Tara Hudiburg
Summary: Forests play an important role in mitigating climate change through carbon sequestration, but increased wildfire activity poses a threat to carbon storage. This study investigates the impact of wildfires on mature ponderosa pine trees and finds that the severity of damage is positively correlated with photosynthetic capacity. Burned trees are able to compensate for damage by increasing the efficiency of carbon uptake at the leaf-level. The study also suggests that the heightened photosynthetic capacity in remaining needles on burned trees is linked to reduced water stress and leaf nitrogen content. These findings have implications for Earth system modeling efforts and land management practices.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Mahyar Zare, Elaheh Heidari, Seyedeh Mahsa Hosseini Choupani, Sobhan R. Akhavan, Artur Rombenso, Noah Esmaeili
Summary: This study examined the effects of time interval between the last EMS and AC stress on the growth, haematology, blood biochemistry, immunological response, antioxidant system, liver enzymes, and stress response of oscar. The results showed that fish in the Stress78 and Control groups had the lowest survival rates. The Stress78 group displayed lower resilience and negative effects on stress responsiveness and fish health.
Article
Physiology
Arkadiusz Urbanski, Karolina Walkowiak-Nowicka, Grzegorz Nowicki, Szymon Chowanski, Grzegorz Rosinski
Summary: The study demonstrates that short-term desiccation can decrease the phagocytic activity of burying beetle haemocytes and affect their adhesive ability. On the flip side, there is a significant increase in phenoloxidase activity and proPO expression levels, which may indicate sealing of the cuticula and prevention of water loss by melanin deposition.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicholas C. Coleman, Erin J. Burge
Summary: Behaviorally-mediated indirect interactions between prey, mesopredators, and higher trophic-level predators in marine systems, such as the association between round scad and sand tiger sharks, have important implications for trophic energy transfer and predator-prey dynamics.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Robert Roose, Matthew Oliver, Danielle Haulsee, Matthew Breece, Aaron Carlisle, Dewayne Fox
Summary: Social network analyses reveal differences in sociality between Atlantic sturgeon and sand tiger sharks in Delaware Bay, with sand tiger sharks exhibiting a higher degree of sociality.
Article
Zoology
Brian J. Tornabene, Erica J. Crespi, Creagh W. Breuner, Blake R. Hossack
Summary: Salinity, a persistent contaminant that negatively affects freshwater taxa, can be tolerated by some amphibians. Corticosterone (CORT) and aldosterone (ALDO) are believed to play important roles in mediating the tolerance to salinity. This study found that larval barred tiger salamanders were physiologically challenged but could tolerate the experimental concentrations of NaCl. The study also suggests that the roles of CORT and ALDO in mediating the effects of salinity are difficult to separate.
INTEGRATIVE ZOOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Robert D. Cooper, H. Bradley Shaffer
Summary: The study examined the hybridization between the endangered California tiger salamander and the introduced barred tiger salamander, finding that hybrids exhibit a wide range of thermal tolerance abilities surpassing their parental species. Additionally, the hybrids displayed intermediate values at the gene expression level, with gene regulatory mechanisms potentially contributing to these traits. This research has important implications for understanding the success of hybrids in managing and protecting these species.
Article
Plant Sciences
Bernardo Duarte, Joao Carreiras, Bruno Fonseca, Ricardo Cruz de Carvalho, Ana Rita Matos, Isabel Cacador
Summary: The anticipated rise in heatwaves in the Mediterranean region poses a danger to crop production. This study investigates the physiological responses of S. ramosissima plants exposed to heatwave treatments, with and without marine PGPB inoculation, to evaluate potential thermal adaptation conditions. The results show that inoculated plants exhibit improved light-use efficiency, light harvesting, photoprotection, antioxidant activity, and membrane stability under heatwave conditions.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Acadia W. Buro, Marilyn Stern, Tiffany L. Carson
Summary: This study examined the associations between mental health, eating beliefs, and health behaviors in young adult cancer survivors. The results showed that perceived stress, anxiety, and depression were associated with increased added sugar intake and eating beliefs, while perceived stress and depression were associated with reduced vegetable intake. This highlights the importance of addressing mental health issues in health behavior interventions for this population.
Article
Fisheries
Arlene Sobrinho Ventura, Gabriela Tomas Jeronimo, Ruy Alberto Caetano Correa Filho, Alda Izabel de Souza, Giovanna Rodrigues Stringhetta, Matheus Gomes da Cruz, Gabriel dos Santos Torres, Ligia Uribe Goncalves, Jayme Aparecido Povh
Summary: The study evaluated the efficacy of basil essential oil in anesthetic induction and recovery of juvenile tambaqui, confirming it as a safe anesthetic that reduces stress responses without negative effects on immune system or metabolism. Further studies are needed to determine the exact mechanism of action.
Article
Neurosciences
Xiaoxiao Lin, Lujia Chen, Amandine Jullienne, Hai Zhang, Arjang Salehi, Mary Hamer, Todd C. Holmes, Andre Obenaus, Xiangmin Xu
Summary: This study longitudinally examined microvascular recovery and remodeling up to 2 months post injury using live brain miniscope and 2-photon microscopic imaging. The research found that new blood vessels began growing near the injury site shortly after the injury and peaked between 14 and 21 days post injury. The study concluded that morphological recovery events are closely linked to functional recovery of blood flow, which subsequently leads to improved behavioral outcomes.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Muhammad Mubashar Zafar, Waqas Shafqat Chattha, Azeem Iqbal Khan, Saba Zafar, Mishal Subhan, Huma Saleem, Arfan Ali, Aqsa Ijaz, Zunaira Anwar, Fei Qiao, Amir Shakeel, Mahmoud F. Seleiman, Daniel O. Wasonga, Aqsa Parvaiz, Abdul Razzaq, Jiang Xuefei
Summary: This study investigated the impact of individual and combined drought and heat stress on cotton genotypes. The results showed that the combined stress had a more severe impact on yield and fiber quality. Tolerant genotypes demonstrated superior performance and better maintenance of physiological parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities compared to susceptible genotypes.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Mushtaq Ahmad Malik, Abid Hussain Wani, Showkat Hamid Mir, Ishfaq Ul Rehman, Inayatullah Tahir, Parvaiz Ahmad, Irfan Rashid
Summary: Predicted changes in climate, such as more severe droughts and extreme weather variability, are causing significant concerns for stakeholders due to the already stressed agricultural ecosystems. Drought stress is a major challenge for plants under climate change, affecting growth, development, and production. Silicon supplementation shows potential in alleviating drought stress and improving crop resilience.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rui Fan, Yundong Li, Qibin Yang, Song Jiang, Jianhua Huang, Lishi Yang, Xu Chen, Falin Zhou, Shigui Jiang
Summary: In this study, a novel glutaredoxin (Grx), named PmGrx2, was identified in Penaeus monodon. The study showed that PmGrx2 plays an important role in shrimps' resistance to marine environmental stresses. In addition, inhibition of PmGrx2 resulted in shrimp being exposed to a greater risk of oxidative damage.
Article
Oncology
James C. H. Chow, Anna Lee, Kelvin K. H. Bao, K. M. Cheung, Jeffrey C. H. Chan, Anthony H. P. Tam, Winnie W. Y. Sung, Therese Y. M. Tsui, Elizabeth Y. H. Chuk, Daniel H. S. Chung, K. H. Wong, Anussara Prayongrat, Chawalit Lertbutsayanukul, Danita Kannarunimit, Chakkapong Chakkabat, Sarin Kitpanit
Summary: In advanced T4 nasopharyngeal carcinoma, cranial neuropathies can be effectively treated with modern intensity-modulated radiotherapy and chemotherapy, leading to durable recovery in most cases. However, there is a risk of re-palsy in some patients, particularly those with a history of smoking, optic nerve involvement, and longer duration of neuropathy. Prompt evaluation for local recurrences is necessary for recovered nerves showing signs of re-palsy.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Miguel Petrere Jr, Davi Butturi-Gomes
Summary: This short communication aims to raise awareness about the misuse of confidence intervals in Ecology and Fisheries statistical models that ignore the lack of independence.
FISHERIES RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Fisheries
Peter-John F. Hulson, Benjamin C. Williams
Summary: This study evaluates the impact of considering ageing error and growth variability on the determination of input sample size (ISS) in statistical catch-at-age assessment models. The results show that including these sources of uncertainty decreases the ISS determined through bootstrap methods. This indicates that there is more variability in age composition and conditional age-at-length data than previously accounted for. Including these sources of uncertainty improves the estimation of ISS and subsequently improves the quality of stock assessment models.
FISHERIES RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Fisheries
Jason M. Cope
Summary: Fishery resource assessment is a complex and challenging task, but with the use of different analysis methods and tools, effective management guidance can be provided even with limited data and resources.
FISHERIES RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Fisheries
Regina L. Cunha, Joana I. Robalo, Sara M. Francisco, Ines Farias, Rita Castilho, Ivone Figueiredo
Summary: Recent advances in genomics have greatly contributed to the assessment of fish stocks by providing precise identification of genetic boundaries. This study used a genotyping-by-sequencing approach to reveal the existence of an additional genetic cluster of blackspot seabream in the northeast Atlantic, which was not previously identified. Factors such as ocean circulation patterns and local upwelling may play a role in the genetic differentiation observed in this study.
FISHERIES RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Fisheries
Huihua Lee, Mark N. Maunder, Kevin R. Piner
Summary: Estimating growth is important for fish population assessment. Integrated assessment models and the influence of misfitting size composition data have renewed interest in how growth is modeled. The available data types control how the length-at-age relationship is estimated. Estimating length-at-age is complex due to multiple sources of biological variability and difficulties in obtaining representative samples.
FISHERIES RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Fisheries
A. Ladino, I. Perez-Arjona, V. Espinosa, M. Chillaron, V. Vidal, L. M. Godinho, G. Moreno, G. Boyra
Summary: This study examines the acoustic properties of skipjack tuna and Atlantic mackerel, both bladderless pelagic fish species, and explains the significant differences observed. The research shows that the differences in material properties of their tissues predict a more than 10 dB greater reduced target strength in skipjack compared to mackerel at certain frequencies.
FISHERIES RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Fisheries
Nelly Pena-Cutimbo, Cristel Cordero-Maldonado, Clara Ortiz-Alvarez, Joanna Alfaro-Shigueto, Jeffrey C. Mangel
Summary: Bycatch is a global problem for marine megafauna. This study assessed the bycatch interactions of the Peruvian artisanal purse-seine fishery in 2019 and found that all taxa groups were affected by bycatch. Dusky dolphins, guanay cormorants, and eagle rays were the most frequently reported bycatch species.
FISHERIES RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Fisheries
Jen-Ming Liu, Po-Yuk So
Summary: The set-net fishery is an environmentally friendly fishery posing little risk to the marine ecosystem. This study identified ocean temperature, sea surface factors, and climatic factors as the main factors affecting the installation of set-nets.
FISHERIES RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Fisheries
Josie L. Palmer, Carina Armstrong, Hasan D. Akbora, Damla Beton, Cigdem Caglar, Brendan J. Godley, Kristian Metcalfe, Meryem Ozkan, Robin T. E. Snape, Annette C. Broderick
Summary: Small-scale fisheries are vital for global food security and cultural heritage, but the lack of information hampers effective management and mitigation of ecological impacts. This study provides the first comprehensive overview of the small-scale fishery fleet in Northern Cyprus. The fleet operates mainly over the continental shelf, using static and demersal gear types, and catches a diverse range of species, some of which are threatened. The findings can be used to improve fisheries management and conservation measures.
FISHERIES RESEARCH
(2024)