4.4 Article

Importance of Understanding Landscape Biases in USGS Gage Locations: Implications and Solutions for Managers

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FISHERIES
卷 39, 期 4, 页码 155-163

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WILEY
DOI: 10.1080/03632415.2014.891503

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  1. U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center

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Flow and water temperature are fundamental properties of stream ecosystems upon which many freshwater resource management decisions are based. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) gages are the most important source of streamflow and water temperature data available nationwide, but the degree to which gages represent landscape attributes of the larger population of streams has not been thoroughly evaluated. We identified substantial biases for seven landscape attributes in one or more regions across the conterminous United States. Streams with small watersheds (< 10 km(2)) and at high elevations were often underrepresented, and biases were greater for water temperature gages and in arid regions. Biases can fundamentally alter management decisions and at a minimum this potential for error must be acknowledged accurately and transparently. We highlight three strategies that seek to reduce bias or limit errors arising from bias and illustrate how one strategy, supplementing USGS data, can greatly reduce bias. la temperatura y flujo de agua son propiedades fundamentales de los ecosistemas fluviales, sobre los cuales se toman diversas decisiones de manejo en cuanto a recursos dulceacuicolos. Los sensores del Estudio Geologico de los Estados Unidos de Norte America (EGEU) son la fuente disponible mas importante de datos de flujo de agua y temperatura a nivel nacional, pero el grado al cual los sensores son representativos de los atributos paisajisticos de una poblacion mas grande de rios, no ha sido analizado a profundidad. Se identificaron sesgos sustanciales en siete atributos paisajisticos en una o mas regiones a lo largo de las zonas limitrofes de los Estados Unidos de Norte America. Los rios de cauce pequeno (< 10 km(2)) y aquellos localizados en regiones elevadas no estuvieron adecuadamente representados, y los mayores sesgos se observaron en los sensores que miden la temperatura del agua y en las regiones aridas. Los sesgos tienen el potencial de alterar de manera fundamental las decisiones de manejo, y como minimo este error tiene que reconocerse de forma precisa y transparente. Se plantean tres estrategias que buscan tanto reducir el sesgo o limitar los errores que surgen de dicho sesgo, como ilustrar como una estrategia, suplementando los datos EGEU, puede reducir el sesgo de manera importante.

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