Review
Infectious Diseases
Cecile Squarzoni-Diaw, Elena Arsevska, Sana Kalthoum, Pachka Hammami, Jamel Cherni, Assia Daoudi, Mohamed Karim Laoufi, Yassir Lezaar, Kechna Rachid, Ismaila Seck, Bezeid Ould Elmamy, Barry Yahya, Barbara Dufour, Pascal Hendrikx, Eric Cardinale, Facundo Munoz, Renaud Lancelot, Caroline Coste
Summary: The article presents a participative and iterative qualitative risk assessment framework to evaluate the spatial variation of the risk of infectious animal disease introduction and spread, with experts using field data and knowledge to adjust risk factors. The framework was applied to assess the risk of foot-and-mouth disease introduction and spread in Tunisia. Results showed alignment between high-risk categories and actual FMD outbreaks, indicating the usefulness of the framework as a decision support tool in risk-based disease surveillance and control.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Ecology
Jayampathi Herath, Gajaba Ellepola, Madhava Meegaskumbura
Summary: Ranaviral infections in ectothermic vertebrates are on the rise in Asia, with broad host range and trade contributing to its spread. Despite the severity of the disease, surveillance efforts are still inadequate, posing a risk of cross-species transmission. Therefore, effective control measures are crucial in mitigating the impact of the infections.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Gyanendra Gongal, Habibar Rahman, Kishan Chand Thakuri, Kennady Vijayalakshmy
Summary: Transboundary Animal Diseases (TADs) are highly contagious livestock epidemic diseases that can rapidly spread across national borders. TADs pose a major threat to livestock and can cause significant damage to food security and the economy. South Asian countries are particularly vulnerable to TADs due to the movement of commodities and animals across borders. Diseases such as Peste des Petits Ruminants, Avian Influenza, Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Lumpy Skin Disease, and African Swine Fever are causing economic losses worldwide. Livestock diseases have a negative impact on farmers' livelihoods and the nation's economy. There is a need for a critical review of existing policies to ensure preparedness and prevention of TADs, including rapid diagnosis, surveillance, immunization, and coordination among South Asian countries. Regional cooperation and cross-border collaboration are necessary to control the spread of TADs, particularly for diseases like Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Peste des Petits Ruminants, and Avian Influenza. The paper suggests a future course of action to address the emerging and endemic TADs in South Asia.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Biao Yan, Lei Lei, Xiangping Chen, Jun Men, Yumiao Sun, Yongyong Guo, Lihua Yang, Qidong Wang, Jian Han, Bingsheng Zhou
Summary: Glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium were found widely in surface water, sediment, and organisms in grass carp, crayfish, and crab ponds. AMPA was more likely to accumulate in the intestine of aquatic products. Consumption of grass carp muscle may pose potential risk to children based on the target hazard quotient value.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2022)
Article
Forestry
Carlo Bregant, Antonio A. Mulas, Giovanni Rossetto, Antonio Deidda, Lucia Maddau, Giovanni Piras, Benedetto T. Linaldeddu
Summary: Monitoring surveys in four forest nurseries in Italy identified fourteen Phytophthora species associated with collar and root rot in Mediterranean and alpine regions. A new species, Phytophthora mediterranea, was described based on genetic and morphological analysis, showing potential threat to native Mediterranean vegetation. Discovery of Phytophthora cinnamomi in alpine nurseries suggests its expansion into colder environments due to climate change.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Clazien J. J. de Vos, Ronald Petie, Ed G. M. van Klink, Manon Swanenburg
Summary: Increasing globalization and international trade contribute to the rapid spread of animal and human diseases. To prevent and detect outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging diseases, preparedness is necessary. This study developed a rapid risk assessment tool (RRAT) to inform risk managers about the incursion risk of multiple livestock diseases, the main sources of incursion, and the change in risk over time. RRAT uses a relational database to link data on disease outbreaks, introduction routes, and disease-specific parameters. The tool calculates a semi-quantitative risk score for each disease and allows for prioritization. The results showed that the legal introduction routes had the highest incursion risk for bovine tuberculosis, while the illegal route posed the highest risk for classical swine fever.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Economics
Juan Carlos Barcena-Ruiz, Amagoia Sagasta
Summary: This paper analyzes the incentives for firms to engage in environmental corporate social responsibility (ECSR) in an international market under imperfect competition. The findings show that without environmental taxes, firms do not adopt ECSR. However, the implementation of environmental taxes by governments encourages firms to adopt ECSR, especially under local damage. Transboundary pollution negatively affects firms' incentives to be environmentally friendly. The study also reveals that when governments cooperate on environmental policies, firms have greater incentives to be environmentally friendly under global damage.
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Elizabeth A. Clemmons, Kendra J. Alfson, John W. Dutton
Summary: Animals play a crucial role in providing food and resources to the global population. Transboundary animal diseases are highly contagious, epidemic diseases with the potential to cause significant socioeconomic and public health consequences. More understanding of disease transmission and pathogenesis is needed, along with improvements in diagnostics and vaccines. This review provides a comprehensive overview of 17 transboundary diseases, offering valuable information for researchers and veterinarians.
Article
Biology
Kandasamy Saravanan, Jayasimhan Praveenraj, Rajendran Kiruba-Sankar, Utpal Biswas, Ritika Sarkar, Harsha Haridas, Neha Wajahat Qureshi
Summary: This paper examines the occurrence of aquatic animal diseases and the perception of stakeholders towards aquatic animal health management in the freshwater aquaculture sector of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India. The study finds that parasitic diseases, particularly protozoans, myxozoans, monogeneans, helminth, and crustaceans, are prevalent among aquatic animals in the region. The majority of freshwater fish farmers surveyed do not follow proper management practices, resulting in lower productivity. Stakeholders highlighted issues such as the presence of other organisms with imported fish seeds, gasping for air as a sign of diseased fish, summer as the peak season for disease occurrence, and the use of lime and potassium permanganate for treatment. Logistic regression analysis reveals that disease occurrence is more likely in South Andaman and older farmers have lower disease occurrence. This study provides evidence that fish diseases and biosecurity measures are perceived differently by farmers and recommends a framework for aquatic animal health management in the region.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Isabel MacPhillamy, James Young, Francesca Earp, Syseng Khounsy, Peter Windsor, Jenny-Ann Toribio, Russell Bush
Summary: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), caused by the FMD virus (FMDV), is a significant livestock disease impacting mainly less developed countries. A seroprevalence study conducted in northern Laos in early 2019 found that 43.7% of large ruminants were seropositive, with those suspected of having had clinical FMD having a higher risk of infection.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Biodiversity Conservation
Mark M. Bouwmeester, M. Anouk Goedknegt, Robert Poulin, David W. Thieltges
Summary: This study explores the potential impacts of aquaculture on wildlife disease dynamics, identifying five potential mechanisms by which farmed populations may alter wildlife disease dynamics. The study calls for comprehensive parasite inventories and disease monitoring in wildlife surrounding farms to increase knowledge on aquaculture impacts and develop adequate prevention and mitigation measures.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Yuri Fernandes Lima, Patricia Tatemoto, Emily Reeves, Faith Adelaide Burden, Eduardo Santurtun
Summary: The global demand for donkey skins to produce ejiao, a Traditional Chinese Medicine, is compromising the welfare and survival of donkeys worldwide. The extraction-driven industry has resulted in the decimation of local donkey populations and poses ethical, biosecurity, and human health risks. The trade violates legal frameworks and moral expectations at a national and global level.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Richard Bradhurst, Graeme Garner, Mark Hovari, Maria de la Puente, Koen Mintiens, Shankar Yadav, Tiziano Federici, Ian Kopacka, Simon Stockreiter, Ivanka Kuzmanova, Samuil Paunov, Vladimir Cacinovic, Martina Rubin, Jusztina Szilagyi, Zsofia Szepesine Kokany, Annalisa Santi, Marco Sordilli, Laura Sighinas, Mihaela Spiridon, Marko Potocnik, Keith Sumption
Summary: This paper introduces EuFMDiS, a continental-scale modeling framework designed for emergency animal disease planning in Europe. It simulates the spread of livestock disease within and between countries, allowing control policies to be enacted on a per-country basis.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Margarida Arede, Daniel Beltran-Alcrudo, Jeyhun Aliyev, Tengiz Chaligava, Ipek Keskin, Tigran Markosyan, Dmitry Morozov, Sarah Oste, Andrii Pavlenko, Mihai Ponea, Nicolae Starciuc, Anna Zdravkova, Eran Raizman, Jordi Casal, Alberto Allepuz
Summary: Ruminant production in the Black Sea basin is crucial for national economies and rural livelihoods, but is hindered by zoonoses and transboundary animal diseases. The transition from a centrally planned to a market economy has reshaped the sector, leading to challenges such as low sustainability of pastoralism and informal animal trade. International initiatives for disease management are ongoing, but there is a need for more effective resource allocation and partnerships to enhance veterinary health capacity and protect animal health.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Serge Eugene Mpouam, Jean Pierre Kilekoung Mingoas, Mohamed Moctar Mouliom Mouiche, Jean Marc Kameni Feussom, Claude Saegerman
Summary: Prioritization processes are crucial in coordinating technical laboratory and surveillance networks to address priority zoonoses and TADs at the country and/or sub-regional level, and should be enhanced.
