Article
Fisheries
Timothy J. Bruce, Jie Ma, Ponnerassery S. Sudheesh, Kenneth D. Cain
Summary: The study found that the wild-type CSF-259-93 strain increased the production of FITB and FR 1 after exposure to iron-limiting media for 72 hours and 96 hours. In contrast, the vaccine strain B.17 showed a downregulation in SS expression at 72 hours. Furthermore, compared with the wild-type strain, B.17 exhibited elevated expressions of FITB, FR1, and SS at 0 hours, while TBomr1 had lower expression at 96 hours.
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ying Wang, Chen Yang, Yutong Song, J. Robert Coleman, Marcin Stawowczyk, Juliana Tafrova, Sybil Tasker, David Boltz, Robert Baker, Liliana Garcia, Olivia Seale, Anna Kushnir, Eckard Wimmer, Steffen Mueller
Summary: COVI-VAC is an attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine currently in development, which was engineered by recoding a segment of the viral spike protein and deleting the furin cleavage site for added safety. Studies have shown that intranasal vaccination with COVI-VAC in Syrian golden hamsters resulted in lower tissue viral loads, milder lung pathology, and reduced weight loss compared to those inoculated with wild-type virus. Additionally, COVI-VAC generated similar levels of spike IgG antibodies and plaque reduction neutralization titers as wild-type virus inoculation, and provided protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Yoshihiko Morikawa, Hiroshi Sakakibara, Takahisa Kimiya, Toshimasa Obonai, Masaru Miura
Summary: The study showed that the effectiveness of live attenuated vaccine (LAV) was low at six months after IVIG therapy for Kawasaki disease, but seroconversion was achievable with a booster vaccination at 12 months.
Review
Immunology
Jue Hou, Weijian Ye, Jianzhu Chen
Summary: Dengue is a common mosquito-borne disease caused by four closely related viruses. Developing a vaccine that can protect against all four virus strains without adverse effects is a challenge. Several tetravalent live attenuated vaccine candidates have entered clinical trials.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Taylor Heckman, Khalid Shahin, Eileen E. Henderson, Matt J. Griffin, Esteban Soto
Summary: Streptococcus iniae is a re-emerging bacterial pathogen in freshwater and marine aquaculture worldwide. Currently, in the United States, there are no commercial vaccines available for S. iniae, and autogenous vaccines have limited protection. Serial passage of S. iniae in the presence of rifampin may generate immunogenic live-attenuated vaccines that confer protection against heterologous strains.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Giulia Perego, Giacomo Pietro Vigezzi, Giulia Cocciolo, Federica Chiappa, Stefano Salvati, Federica Balzarini, Anna Odone, Carlo Signorelli, Vincenza Gianfredi
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of spray live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV), finding that LAIV was associated with a higher probability of seroconversion for the A/H1N1 serotype, and had no significant association with systemic adverse events, with only rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and sore throat being significantly associated with LAIV compared to the placebo.
Review
Immunology
Sumedha Bagga, Anand Krishnan, Lalit Dar
Summary: Seasonal influenza epidemics cause significant pediatric mortality and morbidity worldwide. Live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) have the potential to be an attractive option for young children in developing countries due to their intranasal administration, broad immune response, and higher manufacturing yields compared to inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs). However, recent studies evaluating LAIV efficacy in developing countries have reported contradictory results, highlighting the need for a better understanding of the factors influencing LAIV effectiveness in these settings. Assessing replicative fitness and antigenicity when selecting components for LAIV formulations is essential for optimal vaccine performance.
Article
Immunology
Munish Puri, Socorro Miranda-Hernandez, Selvakumar Subbian, Andreas Kupz
Summary: Tuberculosis (TB) is a deadly infectious disease, and the only approved vaccine, BCG, provides limited protection against pulmonary TB in adults. Delivering BCG directly into the lungs has shown enhanced immune responses and greater protection against TB. This article discusses the repurposing of existing inhalation devices for mucosal delivery of live attenuated TB vaccines and outlines the challenges and research questions that need to be addressed for their use in TB endemic countries.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Awadalkareem Adam, Christy Lee, Tian Wang
Summary: ZIKV is a re-emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that has caused outbreaks worldwide, and it poses a major threat to global public health. The development of a safe and effective vaccine is a global health priority. Multiple platforms have been used to develop candidate ZIKV vaccines, some of which have shown promising results in animal models and progressed to clinical trials. Live-attenuated vaccines are considered one of the most important strategies for controlling flavivirus diseases.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Julia M. Adler, Ricardo Martin Vidal, Anne Voss, Sandra Kunder, Mariana Nascimento, Azza Abdelgawad, Christine Langner, Daria Vladimirova, Nikolaus Osterrieder, Achim D. Gruber, Dusan Kunec, Jakob Trimpert
Summary: Live attenuated vaccines administered via the mucosal route may offer better control of the COVID-19 pandemic by presenting the entire antigenic repertoire of the virus and inducing strong mucosal immunity. Removal of the furin cleavage site from the spike protein of a SARS-CoV-2 LAV candidate can prevent vaccine transmission without compromising vaccine efficacy, as shown by the abolished horizontal transmission between cohoused hamsters and the safety of the vaccine in immunosuppressed animals.
Article
Fisheries
Juan-Ting Liu, Phuc H. Pham, John S. Lumsden
Summary: Feeding rainbow trout with deoxynivalenol (DON) or partially feeding (pair-fed) can significantly reduce mortality rates when infected with Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Fasted or DON-fed fish showed increased autophagy in the liver, while fasted fish showed decreased autophagy in muscle. Treatment with chloroquine (CQ) increased Atg gene expression in the liver. The mechanisms behind the resistance of rainbow trout fed DON, CQ, or pair-fed to F. psychrophilum infection are still unclear.
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Shinya Okamura, Hirotaka Ebina
Summary: There are concerns regarding the adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines, such as fever from mRNA vaccines and pre-existing immunity against adenovirus vectored vaccines. Live attenuated vaccines have been considered effective as they closely mimic natural infection. New temperature-sensitive variants of SARS-CoV-2 may present potential as live attenuated vaccines, which could be optimized for different phases of the pandemic.
Article
Immunology
Ali Ali, Mohamed Salem
Summary: This study identified 13,503 long noncoding natural antisense transcripts (lncNATs) in rainbow trout using 134 RNA-Seq datasets. Most of the lncNATs showed strong positive correlation with their corresponding sense transcripts. Differential expression analysis revealed that lncNATs complementary to genes related to immunity, muscle contraction, proteolysis, and iron/heme metabolism were differentially expressed following infection. lncNATs complementary to hepcidin, a master negative regulator of plasma iron concentration, were downregulated in resistant fish on day 5 of bacterial infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Anurak Bunnoy, Patcharapong Thangsunan, Putita Chokmangmeepisarn, Teerapong Yata, Nawanith Klongklaew, Nopadon Pirarat, Sirikorn Kitiyodom, Prapansak Srisapoome, Channarong Rodkhum
Summary: This study developed a novel nano-encapsulated vaccine for Columnaris disease, which showed significant immunological and protective effects. It has the potential to be used on a large scale in the freshwater aquaculture industry.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Yueying Zhu, Delphine Lechardeur, Jean-Francois Bernardet, Brigitte Kerouault, Cyprien Guerin, Dimitri Rigaudeau, Pierre Nicolas, Eric Duchaud, Tatiana Rochat
Summary: Bacterial pathogens have a significant impact on aquaculture, with the Flavobacterium psychrophilum being responsible for bacterial cold-water disease in salmonids worldwide. This study identified two new TonB-dependent receptors, HfpR and BfpR, that play essential roles in adaptation to iron conditions during infection and in virulence in rainbow trout.
Article
Fisheries
Amy Long, Aidan Goodall, Simon R. M. Jones
Summary: The study developed a reproducible immersion challenge model to induce salmonid rickettsial septicaemia and found that sockeye salmon are less susceptible to P. salmonis compared to Atlantic and pink salmon, while Atlantic salmon had a higher bacterial shedding post-immersion. Skin lesions were observed in infected fish, suggesting skin as the primary entry point for P. salmonis during the immersion challenge.
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Timothy J. Bruce, Jie Ma, Evan M. Jones, Brent M. Vuglar, Luke P. Oliver, Kenneth D. Cain
Summary: The study highlights the high virulence of certain strains of F. psychrophilum in Atlantic salmon and brook trout, providing valuable information for the development of therapies and vaccines against these infections and demonstrating the reproducibility of the experimental challenge model.
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amy Long, Simon R. M. Jones
Summary: Salmonid rickettsial septicemia is an emergent disease caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis in marine-farmed salmonids. The study found species-specific patterns of bacterial shedding and pathogenesis, as well as correlations between physiological parameters and bacterial burden in different fish species. The timing and magnitude of bacterial shedding in infected fish align with mortality, providing insights for pathogen transmission models.
Article
Immunology
Jie Ma, Elisa Casadei, Timothy J. Bruce, Ali Sepahi, Kenneth D. Cain, Irene Salinas
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and immune responses of two different vaccines at 6 and 12 months post-vaccination. The findings suggest that nasal vaccination with a live attenuated viral vaccine provides long-lasting protection, while nasal ERM vaccination does not. Booster vaccination before 6 months post-vaccination is recommended.
Article
Fisheries
Jacob W. Bledsoe, Jia Ma, Ken Cain, Timothy J. Bruce, Anna Rawles, Jason Abernathy, Tom Welker, Ken Overturf
Summary: This study compared the transcriptomic responses of three improved strains of rainbow trout fry during infection with IHNV. The results showed significant differences in IHNV resistance among the strains, with the PSel strain exhibiting a stronger immune response. The study also identified different gene expression responses to IHNV infection among the strains.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Emily M. Churchman, Gianni Parello, Miles D. Lange, Bradley D. Farmer, Benjamin R. LaFrentz, Benjamin H. Beck, Mark R. Liles
Summary: In this study, we report the draft genomes and predicted virulence factors of two isolates of Flavobacterium covae, which are known to cause columnaris disease in teleost fish.
MICROBIOLOGY RESOURCE ANNOUNCEMENTS
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Evan M. Jones, Luke P. Oliver, Jie Ma, Robine H. J. Leeuwis, Veronica Myrsell, Mary R. Arkoosh, Joseph P. Dietrich, Cameron M. Schuster, Matt Hawkyard, A. Kurt Gamperl, Kenneth D. Cain
Summary: A monoclonal antibody specific to sablefish IgM was produced and demonstrated its usefulness in studying antibody-mediated immunity, vaccine development, and aquaculture efforts for this fish species. The antibody, UI-25A, can recognize membrane-bound IgM and identify immunogenic regions of A. salmonicida.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Tifani R. R. Watson, Timothy J. J. Bruce, Jie Ma, Kenneth D. D. Cain
Summary: This study evaluated the virulence and challenge route of R. salmoninarum strains in Rainbow Trout. The results showed that fish exposed to CK-90 strain via immersion did not exhibit mortality compared to those injected with CK-90 or ATCC 33739 strains. Therefore, the immersion challenge method was ineffective in inducing mortality.
JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Fisheries
Kenneth Cain
JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Luke P. Oliver, Timothy J. Bruce, Jie Ma, Evan M. Jones, Kenneth D. Cain
Summary: Burbot have high economic value, low temperature requirements, and fast growth rate, making them a good candidate for cool or cold-water aquaculture. However, limited information exists on the immune systems of this species due to a lack of species-specific tools. In this study, an anti-IgM monoclonal antibody was developed and used to measure the specific antibody response of burbot following exposure to two pathogenic strains. The results demonstrate that the antibody specifically recognized burbot IgM and will be useful in characterizing the immune responses of this fish species.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Jie Ma, Jesse T. Trushenski, Evan M. Jones, Timothy J. Bruce, Doug G. McKenney, Gael Kurath, Kenneth D. Cain
Summary: This study explores the maternal immunity in rainbow trout aquaculture, showing that vaccination of broodstock can reduce mortality in offspring from viral and bacterial diseases.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Allison L. Wise, Benjamin R. LaFrentz, Anita M. Kelly, Mark R. Liles, Matt J. Griffin, Benjamin H. Beck, Timothy J. Bruce
Summary: A preliminary assessment was conducted to study the bacterial coinfection of Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium covae in juvenile channel catfish. The coinfection challenges showed similar cumulative percent mortality (CPM) to the single dose E. ictaluri challenge, but the onset of peak mortality was delayed in fish exposed to F. covae first. Additionally, catfish exposed to E. ictaluri displayed increased serum lysozyme activity and higher expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Article
Fisheries
Uthpala Padeniya, D. Allen Davis, Mark R. Liles, Stacey A. LaFrentz, Benjamin R. LaFrentz, Craig A. Shoemaker, Benjamin H. Beck, Daniel E. Wells, Timothy J. Bruce
Summary: Biofloc technology is a rearing technique that maintains water quality by manipulating carbon and nitrogen levels. This study evaluated the use of two probiotics in a biofloc system for Nile tilapia culture and found that probiotics can be beneficial as a dietary supplement for tilapia reared in biofloc systems.
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Luke P. Oliver, Timothy J. Bruce, Sinem Gulen, Evan M. Jones, Brent M. Vuglar, Michael L. Brown, Kenneth D. Cain
Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of soy products on the growth and gastric evacuation of Burbot, as well as their digestibility. The results showed that soy protein is highly digestible in Burbot and can replace up to 25% of fish meal in the diet without impacting growth performance.
NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Jie Ma, Veronica L. Myrsell, Joseph Dietrich, Kenneth D. Cain
Summary: The complete genome sequence of an atypical A. salmonicida strain T30 isolated from sablefish has been presented, providing insights into the bacterium's role in marine aquaculture.
MICROBIOLOGY RESOURCE ANNOUNCEMENTS
(2023)