Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aina-Cathrine Overgard, Helena M. D. Midtbo, Lars A. Hamre, Michael Dondrup, Gro E. K. Bjerga, Oivind Larsen, Jiwan Kumar Chettri, Kurt Buchmann, Frank Nilsen, Sindre Grotmol
Summary: This study reveals the presence of charged glandular proteins in the salmon louse that have immune modulation and anti-coagulant properties. These proteins play important roles in regulating the parasite's life cycle and feeding behavior in the host.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Albert Caballero-Solares, Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan, Xi Xue, Tomer Katan, Surendra Kumar, Jillian D. Westcott, Zhiyu Chen, Mark D. Fast, Stanko Skugor, Richard G. Taylor, Matthew L. Rise
Summary: This study revealed the impact of co-infection of sea lice and formalin-killed Aeromonas salmonicida bacterin (ASAL) on the skin gene expression of Atlantic salmon, showing that sea lice infection can inhibit fundamental cellular processes while ASAL can activate immune and wound healing pathways. Through co-stimulation, the inhibitory effects of sea lice are partially mitigated, demonstrating a synergistic effect of immune-related genes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Christian Karlsen, Elisabeth Ytteborg, Anette Furevik, Lene Sveen, Siv Tunheim, Sergey Afanasyev, Monica Gausdal Tingbo, Aleksei Krasnov
Summary: Skin is the first line of defence against waterborne pathogens and vaccination can provide protection against winter ulcer disease. However, the protection may vary depending on the strain used in the vaccine formulation. The infection of M. viscosa starts by colonising the scale surface. Vaccination and M. viscosa challenge do not affect antibody repertoire and B cell trafficking in the skin.
Article
Environmental Sciences
P. A. Tang, N. Gharbi, T. O. Nilsen, M. Gorissen, S. O. Stefansson, L. O. E. Ebbesson
Summary: The successful transfer of farmed post-smolt Atlantic salmon depends on stress responses and cognitive functions, which may be challenged by increasing oceanic temperatures. This study examined the effects of transferring fish to different temperatures on stress responses and cognitive gene expression. The results showed that lower temperatures maintained normal stress responses, while higher temperatures inhibited stress responses and cognitive functions.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Per Gunnar Fjelldal, Thomas W. K. Fraser, Tom J. Hansen, Orjan Karlsen, Samantha Bui
Summary: The elevated salmon louse infection pressure caused by salmon farming poses a major threat to wild Atlantic salmon. This study found that lice had a negative impact on the growth and survival of wild Atlantic salmon in seawater, but only affected the length growth in freshwater after the lice had detached. The parasites did not affect the size of the fish's reproductive organs.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Aina-Cathrine Overgard, Christiane Eichner, Noelia Nunez-Ortiz, Heidi Kongshaug, Andreas Borchel, Sussie Dalvin
Summary: Atlantic salmon are highly susceptible to infestations with the salmon louse. The immune response in the fish does not lead to parasite clearance or protection against subsequent infestations. This study investigated the transcriptomic response of the skin at the site of copepodid attachment and found differentially expressed genes. The immune response was primarily localized to the attachment site, with pro-inflammatory cytokines and immune cell marker transcripts observed mainly in whole skin and scale samples.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Juan Pablo Pontigo, Carla Espinoza, Mauricio Hernandez, Guillermo Nourdin, Cristian Oliver, Ruben Avendano-Herrera, Jaime Figueroa, Cecilia Rauch, Jose M. Troncoso, Luis Vargas-Chacoff, Alejandro J. Yanez
Summary: Developing an effective and economical vaccine against Piscirickettsia salmonis is crucial for sustainable salmon farming. One vaccine prototype effectively protected Atlantic salmon by inducing specific antibodies and pro-inflammatory cytokines, while the other two activated innate immune responses but did not provide protection. Understanding the protein formulation of vaccines based on P. salmonis is essential for improving immune responses and disease resistance in Atlantic salmon.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Diego Valenzuela-Miranda, Valentina Valenzuela-Munoz, Barbara P. Benavente, Marcelo Munoz-Trorcoso, Gustavo Nunez-Acuna, Cristian Gallardo-Escarate
Summary: Parasitism by sea lice affects the diversity of microbial communities in Atlantic salmon, leading to the occurrence of opportunistic bacterial pathogens and perturbation of the correlation between skin and gut microbiota. Sea lice can act as vectors for transmitting specific bacterial species and induce tissue-specific functional dysbiosis.
Article
Biology
Debora Torrealba, Byron Morales-Lange, Victoriano Mulero, Anti Vasemagi, Luis Mercado, Jose Gallardo-Matus
Summary: This study estimated the heritabilities of three key proteins associated with the innate immunity and resistance of Atlantic salmon against sea lice. It found that susceptible fish had higher levels of Nkef and Tnf alpha in their gills and skin, while resistant fish had higher levels of Il-8 in their gills. The heritabilities of Nkef and Tnf alpha were moderate to high, while the heritability of Il-8 was low.
Article
Developmental Biology
Peter H. Whitney, Bikhyat Shrestha, Jiahan Xiong, Tom Zhang, Christine A. Rushlow
Summary: This study investigated the differences between two shadow enhancers controlling the sog gene in terms of transcription kinetics, spatial expression, and transcriptional regulation. The results showed that these enhancers integrate activation and repression signals differently and their loss results in changes in tissue patterning.
Article
Fisheries
Christian Karlsen, Andre Sture Bogevik, Aleksei Krasnov, Elisabeth Ytteborg
Summary: The study investigates the adverse effects of hydrogen peroxide on Atlantic salmon skin and promotes new research models.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Yeny Leal, Valentina Valenzuela-Munoz, Antonio Casuso, Barbara P. Benavente, Cristian Gallardo-Escarate
Summary: Studies have shown that SHK-1 cells and Atlantic salmon head kidney tissue were analyzed for the sea louse antigen cathepsin and found to have transcriptomic differences. Additionally, regulation through long non-coding RNAs revealed tissue-specific transcription patterns, and pathways related to the immune system and signal transduction were shared between the two tissues. These findings highlight a novel approach to evaluating candidate antigens for sea lice vaccine development, improving antigen screening in the SHK-1 cell line model.
Article
Fisheries
Nicholas Robinson, Christian Karlsen, Elisabeth Ytteborg, Aleksei Krasnov, Jascha Gerwins, Hanne Johnsen, Jelena Kolarevic
Summary: Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) have potential benefits, such as reducing water use and improving biosecurity, but may hinder the early development of Atlantic salmon, leading to thinner epidermis, less vertebral mineralization, and altered gene expression related to bone and skin development. These differences in early development could potentially affect the robustness of salmon at later life stages.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Meadhbh Moriarty, Stephen C. Ives, Joanne M. Murphy, Alexander G. Murray
Summary: In order to protect wild salmon in areas where salmon aquaculture is practiced, it is important to understand the impact of the salmon louse on these wild salmon. A modelling structure was implemented in Scotland to assess the interaction between wild salmon and salmon lice from farms. The model considered the production and distribution of lice, infection rates on hosts, and the development of lice. The results showed that the impact of salmon lice depended on the size of the host, with smaller smolts being more susceptible.
PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zhaoran Zhou, Christiane Eichner, Frank Nilsen, Inge Jonassen, Michael Dondrup
Summary: A gene co-expression network-based approach was used to identify important genes associated with the moulting and development of the salmon louse. RNA interference experiments confirmed the essential role of a RAB1A-like gene in the development of the salmon louse, suggesting the approach could be generalized to identify important genes in other organisms.
