☆ 4.7 Article

Soybean meal induces intestinal inflammation in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY (2008)

期刊

FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY

卷 25, 期 6, 页码 751-760

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ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2008.02.013

关键词

Common carp; Cytokines; Enteritis; Distal intestine; Inflammation; Intestinal leucocytes; Soybean meal

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Fisheries Immunology Marine & Freshwater Biology Veterinary Sciences

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摘要

The development of soybean meal (SBM) induced enteritis in the hindgut of the omnivorous common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The developed condition was assessed when carp, continuously fed on animal protein; were transferred to a diet in which 20% of the protein was replaced by SBM. After week 1, most of the inflammation parameters were already present, but at week 3, a strong aggravation of the condition was observed which included a shortening of the mucosal folds, the disappearance of the supranuclear vacuoles, an increased number of goblet cells, a thickened lamina propria-and sub-epithelial mucosa with increased numbers of basophilic granulocytes as welt as a decreased uptake capacity of enterocytes (impaired endocytosis and microvilli). Contrary to previous observations made with respect to Atlantic salmon, common carp start to recover from the fourth to the fifth week after switching to SBM feeding. At this stage, the supranuclear vacuoles refill and most of the parameters revert to basal levels. During the enteritis process, a real-time quantitative PCR analysis was conducted to measure the expression of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes in the isolated intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). The pro-inflammatory interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumour necrosis factor alpha 1 (TNF-alpha 1) genes were up-regulated during the inflammation process while the anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 (IL-10) was down-regulated after an initial up-regulation at week 1. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) expression showed an up-regulation from week 3 onwards despite the high Ct value and the low primer efficiency shown. This study confirms the contribution of IEL (mainly T-like cells) and basophils in the enteritis process. In addition, the results show a clear involvement of up- and down-regulated cytokine genes in both the onset and recovery of the SBM-induced enteritis in the hindgut of carp. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Feasibility evaluation of fermented peanut meal to replace soybean meal in the diet of common carp (Cyprinus carpio): Growth performance, serum biochemistry, intestinal health and microflora composition

Ze Fan, Mu Cheng, Liansheng Wang, Chenhui Li, Di Wu, Jinnan Li, Zhenyan Cheng, Haitao Zhang, Weiqing Li

Summary: The effectiveness of substituting soybean meal with fermented peanut meal was evaluated in common carp juveniles. Results showed that replacing 30%, 50%, and 75% of soybean meal with fermented peanut meal improved growth rate, feed conversion rate, serum protein content, intestinal antioxidant enzyme activity and gene expression, and suppressed intestinal bacteria abundance. Based on regression analyses, the optimum substitution level was estimated to be around 50.93% and 49.89% for growth rate and feed conversion rate, respectively.

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