Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Svetlana Minakhina, Vanessa De Oliveira, Sun Young Kim, Haiyan Zheng, Fredric E. Wondisford
Summary: Fasting induces significant changes in the HPT axis, with THRB2 S101 phosphorylation playing a key role in the repression of the axis by TH and AMPK activation. CDK2 is proposed as a direct kinase phosphorylating THRB2 S101, suggesting a common mechanism for acute suppression of the HPT axis by nutritional deprivation and TH.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Skand Shekhar, Raven McGlotten, Sunyoung Auh, Kristina Rother, Lynnette K. Nieman
Summary: The study revealed that abnormal thyroid function, likely mediated by subnormal nocturnal TSH levels, is prevalent in patients with Cushing syndrome. This abnormality can be reversed after cure.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ivan Menendez-Montes, Salim Abdisalaam, Feng Xiao, Nicholas T. Lam, Shibani Mukherjee, Luke I. Szweda, Aroumougame Asaithamby, Hesham A. Sadek
Summary: Mitochondrial utilization of fatty acids induces a significant increase in ROS detection at the chromatin level, indicating that mitochondrial metabolic perturbations directly alter the nuclear redox status, with chromatin being particularly sensitive to the prooxidant effect of FA utilization by the mitochondria.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yehan Bian, Heidi Hahn, Anja Uhmann
Summary: Hedgehog signaling plays essential roles in embryonic development, adult homeostasis, and tumorigenesis. Despite its close connection with pituitary embryonic development, the engagement of Hedgehog signaling in the pituitary gland has been underestimated. Dysfunction of this signaling pathway during pituitary development leads to gland malformation. Recent research also suggests a regulatory role of Hedgehog signaling in the adult pituitary, affecting homeostasis, hormone production, and possibly formation of neoplasms. Targeting this pathway with therapeutic strategies shows promise in treating pituitary diseases.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yael Korem Kohanim, Tomer Milo, Moriya Raz, Omer Karin, Alon Bar, Avi Mayo, Netta Mendelson Cohen, Yoel Toledano, Uri Alon
Summary: Treating thyroid disorders involves a delay in which it takes several weeks for TSH concentration to normalize after thyroid hormones return to normal. A feedback mechanism involving peripheral thyroid hormones and TSH controls the growth of the thyroid and pituitary glands, leading to this delay.
MOLECULAR SYSTEMS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jerome M. M. Hershman, Paolo Beck-Peccoz
Summary: Many members of the American Thyroid Association have made significant contributions to the understanding of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. This axis is crucial for maintaining normal levels of circulating thyroid hormones and thyroid gland function. Thyrotropin, a pituitary glycoprotein hormone, regulates the activity of the thyroid gland. The synthesis and secretion of thyrotropin are controlled by thyrotropin-releasing hormone and the negative feedback mechanism of circulating thyroid hormones.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Agnes Martin, Josiane Castells, Valentine Allibert, Andrea Emerit, Cindy Zolotoff, Victoire Cardot-Ruffino, Yann S. Gallot, Barbara Vernus, Veronique Chauvet, Laurent Bartholin, Laurent Schaeffer, Anne-Cecile Durieux, Christophe Hourde, Francois B. Favier, Laetitia Mazelin, Damien Freyssenet
Summary: This study found that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-glucocorticoid pathway plays an important role in the transcriptional regulation of skeletal muscle catabolism and hepatic metabolism during cancer cachexia.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Ramadevi Subramani, Adriana Estrada, Madeline Dixon, Maria Parada, Sheryl Rodriguez, Diego A. Pedroza, Matthew D. Ramirez, Alexa Clift, Lilia Garcia, Rajkumar Lakshmanaswamy
Summary: Early pregnancy reduces the lifetime risk of breast cancer by persistently altering the hypothalamic-pituitary hormonal axis, although the exact physiological mechanisms involved are not clear.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Pardis Mohammadzadeh, Gregory C. Amberg
Summary: AXL is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is commonly associated with various human cancers. It has been found to play a crucial role in neuroendocrine development and function, along with its ligand Gas6. AXL signaling, triggered by Gas6 binding, affects neuroendocrine structure and function in the brain, pituitary, and gonads. AXL has been identified as an upstream inhibitor of gonadotropin receptor hormone (GnRH) production during development and is also involved in the migration of GnRH neurons. It is implicated in reproductive diseases and spermatogenesis. The research on AXL/Gas6 signaling mechanisms provides valuable insights into neuroendocrine function in health and disease.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jody A. Rusch, Brian T. Layden, Lara R. Dugas
Summary: Cognitive function in humans relies on the complex interplay between multiple body systems, including the HPA axis. The gut microbiota, which outnumbers human cells and has a greater genetic potential, plays a crucial role through the MGB axis, a bidirectional communication pathway. Stress can affect the MGB axis through the HPA axis and other pathways, and animal research has contributed to a paradigm shift in understanding the influence of microbiota on human health and disease. Preclinical and human trials are currently investigating the applicability of these findings in humans.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xiujin Li, Bingjin Lin, Xumeng Zhang, Xu Shen, Hongjia Ouyang, Zhongping Wu, Yunbo Tian, Lingzhao Fang, Yunmao Huang
Summary: This study collected 175 high-quality RNA-seq samples from mammals and poultry to compare gene expression in the HPG axis, revealing significant differences between mammalian and avian species. Two key pathways, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and calcium signaling pathway, were identified to play important roles in animal reproduction.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xiujin Li, Bingjin Lin, Xumeng Zhang, Xu Shen, Hongjia Ouyang, Zhongping Wu, Yunbo Tian, Lingzhao Fang, Yunmao Huang
Summary: This study compares the gene expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis between mammals and birds, revealing significant differences and identifying key pathways, such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and calcium signaling pathway, that play important roles in animal reproduction.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xin He, Xinyu Gao, Weidong Xie
Summary: This article reviews the interaction between skin metabolism and aging, covering glucose, protein, and lipid metabolism, and explores relevant strategies for regulating skin metabolism. It is found that skin aging affects the metabolism of glucose, protein, and lipids, and the metabolism of these substances also affects the process of skin aging. Regulating specific metabolic disorders in the skin is an important anti-aging strategy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
N. D. Goncharova, A. M. Ermolaeva, O. A. Chigarova, T. E. Oganyan, L. G. Ivanova, N. V. Timoshenko
Summary: The individual features of age-related changes in the function of neuroendocrine systems are crucial for personalized approaches to predicting and treating age-related pathologies. The study found that young female rhesus monkeys with depression- and anxiety-like behavior had lower levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone compared to young animals with standard behavior. Additionally, with aging, the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone increased in animals with depression- and anxiety-like behavior, while there was only a trend towards similar hormonal changes in animals with standard behavior.
BULLETIN OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Elisa Flach, Julian Koenig, Patrice van der Venne, Peter Parzer, Franz Resch, Michael Kaess
Summary: The study revealed altered thyroid axis functioning in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury, as indicated by lower fT3/fT4 ratio compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, negative correlations were found between thyroid hormone levels and severity of BPD symptoms, depression scores, and symptomatic distress.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Review
Dermatology
M. B. Lousada, T. Lachnit, J. Edelkamp, T. Rouillee, D. Ajdic, Y. Uchida, A. Di Nardo, T. C. G. Bosch, R. Paus
Summary: Human hair follicles carry complex microbial communities that differ from the skin surface microbiota, likely due to the moist, less acidic, and relatively protected environment of the HF. Understanding the human HF microbiome and its potential functions in physiological and pathological conditions, such as folliculitis and acne, can provide novel insights into the management of hair diseases. The regulation of antimicrobial peptides, impact on cytokine release, and potential effects on hair growth are key areas of research in exploring the relationship between the HF microbiome and hair health.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Dermatology
Francisco Jimenez, Esmeralda Lopez, Marta Bertolini, Majid Alam, Jeremy Cheret, Gill Westgate, Fabio Rinaldi, Barbara Marzani, Ralf Paus
Summary: The study demonstrated that Sandalore (R) can reduce hair shedding, increase hair volume and the percentage of anagen HFs in patients with telogen effluvium, showing promising therapeutic effects for excessive hair shedding disorders.
JOURNAL OF COSMETIC DERMATOLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Dermatology
Jeremy Cheret, Ilaria Piccini, Jennifer Gherardini, Leslie Ponce, Marta Bertolini, Ralf Paus
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Dermatology
Tongyu C. Wikramanayake, Carina Nicu, Jennifer Gherardini, Anna C. G. C. V. Mello, Jeremy Cheret, Ralf Paus
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alec Sevilla, Jeremy Cheret, Radomir M. Slominski, Andrzej T. Slominski, Ralf Paus
Summary: Melatonin, an evolutionarily ancient compound, plays a crucial role in regulating melanogenesis, oxidative biology, mitochondrial function, and pigmentation-related clock gene activity in human skin. It inhibits melanogenesis and melanocyte proliferation by stimulating melatonin membrane receptors, while also providing cyto- and senescence-protective and antioxidative effects in melanocytes. Research suggests the importance of studying melatonin's effects on melanocytes in a physiological tissue context and further exploring its impact on human epidermis and hair follicles.
JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tongyu C. Wikramanayake, Jeremy Cheret, Alec Sevilla, Mark Birch-Machin, Ralf Paus
Summary: The analysis of mitochondria in oxidative damage and skin aging is important in dermatological research. Mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can be cytotoxic and DNA-damaging, leading to (photo-)aging. However, mitochondria also have physiological functions and their dysfunction is involved in skin diseases and cancers. This paper explores the role of mitochondria in skin physiology and evaluates potential lead compounds for therapeutic research. The mitochondrial protein MPZL3 is highlighted as a promising target for future research.
EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC TARGETS
(2022)
Letter
Dermatology
J. Gherardini, K. E. Rivas, J. Cheret, N. Strbo, R. Paus
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Dermatology
Alec Sevilla, Jeremy Cheret, Wendy Lee, Ralf Paus
Summary: This pilot study aimed to investigate the effects of melatonin on melanin production and melanocytes in intact human epidermis. The results showed that melanin content and melanocyte dendricity increased with melatonin treatment, while tyrosinase activity was inhibited. Higher doses of melatonin increased the number and proliferation of melanocytes and keratinocytes, as well as the expression of the premelanosomal marker gp100. These findings suggest that long-term melatonin therapy may stimulate melanogenesis and increase the activity of epidermal melanocytes.
EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Elijah J. Horesh, Jennifer Gherardini, Majid Alam, Jose Rodriguez-Feliz, Alan J. Bauman, Jeremy Cheret, Ralf Paus
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Moe Tsutsumi, Saito Sakaguchi, Kazuki Takagaki, Jeremy Cheret, Ralf Paus, Kentaro Kajiya
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Dermatology
Jeremy Cheret, Tara Samra, Samantha D. Verling, Jennifer Gherardini, Jose Rodriguez-Feliz, Alan J. Bauman, Celina Amaya Sanchez, Tongyu C. Wikramanayake, Xiang-Xi Xu, Ralf Paus
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Dermatology
Sung-Jan Lin, Zhicao Yue, Ralf Paus
Summary: This article describes the clinical manifestation and pathobiology of radiotherapy-induced alopecia (RIA), emphasizing the importance of studying the principles of human organ and stem cell repair, regeneration, and loss. The article discusses the response of different hair follicle and extrafollicular cell populations to radiation, their roles in hair follicle repair and regeneration, and how they contribute to hair follicle miniaturization or even loss in persistent RIA. Finally, the article highlights the potential of targeting various pathways in future RIA management.
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Ilaria Piccini, Jeremy Cheret, Moe Tsutsumi, Saito Sakaguchi, Leslie Ponce, Luis Almeida, Wolfgang Funk, Maximilian Kueckelhaus, Kentaro Kajiya, Ralf Paus, Marta Bertolini
Summary: Recent research has found that epidermal Merkel cells (MCs) not only have mechanotransduction function for light-touch sensory stimuli, but also are thermosensitive, suggesting a physiological role beyond mechanosensation. Functional olfactory receptors, specifically OR2AT4, were found to be expressed by epidermal MCs in healthy human skin, similar to neighboring keratinocytes. Stimulation of OR2AT4 by topical application of the synthetic odorant Sandalore significantly increased Piccolo protein expression in MCs, indicating increased vesicle trafficking and recycling, and reduced nerve growth factor (NGF) immunoreactivity within MCs, potentially suggesting increased neurotrophin release upon OR2AT4 activation. Further investigation is needed to explore whether these newly discovered properties of MCs are dysregulated in specific skin disorders and if they can be targeted therapeutically to maintain/promote skin health.
EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Max van Lessen, Andrei Mardaryev, David Broadley, Marta Bertolini, Janin Edelkamp, Maximilian Kueckelhaus, Wolfgang Funk, Tamas Biro, Ralf Paus
Summary: In this pilot study, scientists reported that healthy human skin of different age groups undergoes extremely accelerated ageing within only 3 days when organ-cultured in a defined serum-free medium. They found significant changes in ageing-associated biomarkers in the ex vivo phenotype and discovered that caffeine and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine have anti-ageing effects.
EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aviad Keren, Marta Bertolini, Yaniv Keren, Yehuda Ullmann, Ralf Paus, Amos Gilhar
Summary: Transplanting aged human skin onto young SCID/beige mice can rejuvenate the skin and improve aging-related biomarkers. The rejuvenation cascade is initiated by murine VEGF-A, which up-regulates VEGF-A expression/secretion within aged human skin. VEGF-A is identified as the first pharmacologically pliable master pathway for human organ rejuvenation in vivo.