Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yoonseok Choi, Segi Byun, Doo Won Seo, Hyo Jung Hwang, Tae Woo Kim, Sun-Dong Kim
Summary: A new type of solid oxide cell stack using fuel-electrode-supported flat-tubular cells has been developed for reversible fuel cell/electrolysis cell operation at high temperature. The stack shows high power generation and hydrogen production performance.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
J. Aicart, Z. Wuillemin, B. Gervasoni, D. Reynaud, F. Waeber, C. Beetschen, Y. Antonetti, A. Nesci, J. Mougin
Summary: CEA has built a 120 kWDC multistack platform to test the performance of SOLIDpower's large stack module (LSM). The LSM demonstrates high thermal performance, uniform temperature distribution, and efficient fuel utilization and steam conversion at high temperatures. The modular design of the LSM enables scalability and reduces auxiliary equipment and capital expenditures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiajun Yang, Jiahui Li, Bo Liu, Dong Yan, Lichao Jia, Xiaotao Han, Kaiming Wu, Jian Li
Summary: This article introduces a 5-cell reversible solid oxide cell stack in an external-manifold design, using planar cells with specific components and operating at different temperatures and atmospheres. The stack shows efficient power generation in fuel cell mode and increased H2 production rate in electrolysis mode. It also demonstrates long-term stability without gas leaking and cell delamination, despite metal oxidation in certain contact areas.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Aline Leon, Alessandro Micero, Bastian Ludwig, Annabelle Brisse
Summary: The degradation rates of a 30-cell stack and a 90-cell module based on 3YSZ electrolyte supported solid oxide cells were evaluated, with the former showing the lowest degradation value reported. The 90-cell module experienced irreversible damage, leading to proposals for countermeasures to address plant balance-related issues.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhongxu Wang, Yue Wang, Naizhi Li, Yongcheng Tong, Yue Teng, Di Wang, Chusheng Chen, Zhongliang Zhan
Summary: This paper reports on the fabrication and performance of metal-supported solid oxide electrolysis cells (MS-SOECs) with dense scandium stabilized zirconia (SSZ) electrolytes, Ce0.8Sm0.2-O2_5 (SDC)/Ni impregnated 430L/SSZ cathodes, and SmBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O5+5 (SBSCO) impregnated SSZ anodes. The cells showed excellent electrolysis performance at temperatures of 600-700 degrees C, but degradation was observed over the stability measurements. SEM examination and EDS mapping revealed the aggregation and coarsening of impregnated Ni particles, leading to reduced activities for reduction reactions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Review
Thermodynamics
Vanja Subotic, Christoph Hochenauer
Summary: This paper reviews the existing knowledge about solid oxide fuel cells and electrolysis systems, discussing their operation and degradation-related issues. The analysis includes different fuels and conditions, providing guidance on predicting, identifying, and preventing degradation. Additionally, the paper summarizes the application of diagnostic tools and suggests methods to accelerate degradation and regenerate performance.
PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chengqiao Xi, Junkang Sang, Anqi Wu, Jun Yang, Xiaopeng Qi, Wanbing Guan, Jianxin Wang, Subhash C. Singhal
Summary: In this study, the co-electrolysis of H2O and CO2 using a flat-tube SOEC was investigated. The researchers found that increasing temperature and water content in the fuel gas improved the electrochemical performance of the SOEC. The co-electrolysis process remained stable for over 1000 hours at 750 degrees C with a constant current density of 300 mA cm(-2). The degradation mechanism of the SOEC was analyzed and discussed based on the observed microstructural changes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhengpeng Chen, Jiajia Wang, Mingfei Li, Jiangbo Dong, Renci Xu, Jinsong Cheng, Kai Xiong, Mumin Rao, Chuangting Chen, Chenjin Shen, Xiaowei Li, Yihan Ling
Summary: The development of CO2 electrolysis using symmetric solid oxide electrolytic cells requires the identification of electrode materials with high catalytic activity and stability. In this study, a high entropy perovskite electrode material LPSSCFN was designed and synthesized, which exhibited higher stability and chemical compatibility in the CO2 atmosphere compared to SSFN. Symmetric cells with LPSSCFN-GDC electrode showed higher electrolytic current density and excellent long-term stability compared to those with SSFN-GDC electrode.
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Edwin Vega Hiraldo, Ahmed Fathi Salem Molouk, Hanchen Tian, Ahmed Bahgat Abdallah, Wenyuan Li, Xingbo Liu
Summary: This review provides an overview of techniques to create surface decoration on solid oxide cell electrodes to improve their drawbacks. By introducing functioning materials, the performance, stability, and tolerance of the electrodes can be significantly enhanced.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
P. Temluxame, P. Puengjinda, S. Peng-ont, W. Ngampuengpis, N. Sirimungkalakul, T. Jiwanuruk, T. Sornchamni, P. Kim-Lohsoontorn
Summary: This study investigates steam electrolysis for hydrogen production in solid oxide electrolysis cells, comparing the performance of different doped zirconia electrolytes. It is found that SCGZ electrolyte doped with Sc3+, Ce4+, and Gd3+ exhibits the lowest activation energy of conduction and highest electrochemical performance. Durability tests show that SCGZ electrolyte-based cells have stable performance under prolonged operation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Anqi Wu, Beibei Han, Yan Yao, Yang Zhang, Yafei Tang, Svenja Hanson, Jing Wang, Wanbing Guan, Subhash C. Singhal
Summary: The influences of factors on the performance and degradation of a flat-tube solid oxide electrolytic cell stack (SOEC stack) for CO2/H2O co-electrolysis under intermittent pulsed current were investigated. By inserting a voltage lead inside the stack, variations in cell and stack voltages were monitored during the electrolysis process. The study found that the average voltage degradation rate after 64 cycles was about 0.018%/cycle at a current density of 50-250 mA/cm2, and the expected useful life was more than 1100 cycles (10,000 hours). Microstructural analysis revealed the formation of a SrCrO4 barrier layer on the contact surface between the metal interconnect and the current collecting layer, leading to interface resistance and electrolytic performance degradation. This research provides valuable information for improving the stability of SOEC stack for CO2/H2O co-electrolysis.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Saeed Ur Rehman, Muhammad Haseeb Hassan, Hye-Sung Kim, Rak-Hyun Song, Tak-Hyoung Lim, Jong-Eun Hong, Dong-Woo Joh, Seok-Joo Park, Jong-Won Lee, Seung-Bok Lee
Summary: In this study, an innovative La0.6Sr0.4CoO3 (LSC) nanostructured air electrode with superior catalytic activity and exceptional robustness against delamination-induced degradation at the interface is reported. The LSC air electrode, decorated onto a porosity graded Gd0.1Ce0.9O2 backbone through ultrasonic-assisted infiltration, demonstrated significantly improved oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics, leading to prolific electrochemical performance compared to conventional LSC air electrodes. The fuel cell mode achieved a maximum power density of 2.24 W cm(-2), while the electrolysis mode achieved a maximum current density of 4.57 A cm(-2) at an operating voltage of 1.6 V at 750 degrees C. Remarkable durability was observed through reversible cycling and galvanostatic stability tests, attributed to the elimination of detrimental O-2 pressure at the air electrode/electrolyte interface. This study presents a highly durable SOC design for the production of green hydrogen and electricity, showcasing one of the highest performance levels to date.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Qingxue Liu, Yuefeng Song, Rongtan Li, Houfu Lv, Weicheng Feng, Yuxiang Shen, Xiaomin Zhang, Guoxiong Wang, Xinhe Bao
Summary: Doping vanadium into BSCF material enhances the stability of CO2 electrolysis and improves the performance of the SOEC cathode.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Ximeng Lv, Menghuan Chen, Zhaolong Xie, Linping Qian, Lijuan Zhang, Gengfeng Zheng
Summary: Stimulated by environmental awareness and renewable energy utilization, fuel cell and electrolyzer technologies have become important in energy storage and conversion. Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) have advantages of high energy efficiency and poisoning resistance in C1 molecule electrochemical conversion. This review presents the latest technologies and research on SOEC-based techniques for C1 molecule electrochemical conversion, and discusses the challenges and prospects.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
V. Vibhu, I. C. Vinke, R-A Eichel, L. G. J. de Haart
Summary: This study aims to enhance the physico-chemical properties and durability of high temperature Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOECs) by substituting nickel with cobalt in layered perovskites based alternative oxygen electrodes. Results show that cobalt substitution leads to improved electrochemical performance and reduced degradation rate during short term SOEC operation.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dominik Schaefer, Tomke Janssen, Qingping Fang, Frank Merten, Ludger Blum
Summary: Flexibility and system-oriented operation strategies are increasingly important for achieving a climate-neutral energy system transformation. Solid-oxide electrolysis (SOEC) shows potential for producing green synthesis gas from renewable energy sources. This study investigates the flexibility of SOEC and its impact on performance, degradation, and gas composition, showing that the stacks can meet grid-related requirements with short transition times and minimal degradation effects.
Review
Energy & Fuels
David Udomsilp, Christian Lenser, Olivier Guillon, Norbert H. Menzler
Summary: Solid oxide cell (SOC) technology is rapidly developing and will play an important role in carbon-neutral power supply, with advantages in decentralized power generation and distribution.
Article
Electrochemistry
Katharina Fitzek, Ute de Haart, Qingping Fang, Werner Lehnert
Summary: Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is an important tool for studying electrochemical loss mechanisms. The distribution of relaxation times (DRT) analysis technique can resolve overlapping electrochemical features in complex planes and is widely used in fields like fuel cells. In this study, the root cause of the expression of additional peaks in the high-frequency range is investigated through simulation studies and DRTtools analysis.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
Qingping Fang, Norbert H. Menzler, Ludger Blum
Summary: It has been found that the LSC cathode shows more promising results in SOFCs compared to the LSCF cathode, with higher ionic conductivity and better resistance to chromium poisoning. Through long-term stack operation and various analyses, the degradation behavior of the stack due to chromium poisoning can be evaluated.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Jun Zhang, Christian Lenser, Niklas Russner, Andre Weber, Norbert H. Menzler, Olivier Guillon
Summary: This article reports on the fabrication of a cost-effective anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) using gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) as the electrolyte. The results show that the cell exhibits low ohmic resistance and high power density at intermediate temperature, indicating its great potential for commercial applications.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiaoyan Yin, Robert Spatschek, Norbert H. Menzler, Claas Hueter
Summary: This study utilizes a transfer learning approach to predict the oxygen vacancy formation energy by training models with similar feature spaces. The predictive models are successfully transferred from a two-species-doped system to a four-species-doped system, and their transferability is validated through statistical analysis. This approach is of great significance for the search for novel energy materials.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Dominik Schaefer, Larissa Queda, Volker Nischwitz, Qingping Fang, Ludger Blum
Summary: The carryover characteristics of contaminants from the feed-water into the steam phase were evaluated for different types of steam generators supplying feed gases to solid-oxide electrolysis stacks. The study found that steam-soluble species like boric acid completely transfer into the steam phase, while alloying metal species are carried over into the steam during unstable evaporation in the steam generators. The gas preheater may cause the release of silicon into the steam phase under realistic operation conditions.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Stephan Sarner, Andrea Schreiber, Norbert H. Menzler, Olivier Guillon
Summary: This paper discusses potential recycling routes for solid oxide fuel cell (SOC) stack components, with emphasis on ceramic fractions. The economic and environmental potentials of recycling are evaluated, demonstrating significant advantages offered by recycling.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Maria Balaguer, Yoo Jung Sohn, Dietmar Kobertz, Sergey Kasatikov, Andrea Fantin, Michael Mueller, Norbert H. Menzler, Olivier Guillon, Mariya E. Ivanova
Summary: Innovations in materials science are crucial for addressing technological challenges, requiring the design of materials with tailored properties. This study developed ceramic materials in the BaZr0.8Y0.2-xMnxO3-delta series, finding that thermal expansion and hydration decrease, and total electrical conductivity reduces with increasing Mn content. XPS analysis and NEXAFS indicated varying oxidation states of Mn atoms depending on ambient conditions, suggesting a hydration mechanism mediated by Mn oxidation and proton attachment to oxygen neighbors.
SOLID STATE IONICS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Moritz L. Weber, Moritz Kindelmann, Egbert Wessel, Alexandros Sarantopoulos, Norbert H. Menzler, Regina Dittmann, Rainer Waser, Olivier Guillon, Christian Lenser, Felix Gunkel
Summary: Metal exsolution is a dynamic process driven by reducing atmosphere and elevated temperatures, which leads to the self-assembly of nanoparticles at the surface of complex perovskite catalysts. The characteristics of metal exsolution catalysts can be highly inhomogeneous, and the anisotropic surface properties of ceramic oxides have been found to significantly affect the exsolution behavior.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-ENERGY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mariya E. Ivanova, Ralf Peters, Martin Mueller, Stefan Haas, Martin Florian Seidler, Gerd Mutschke, Kerstin Eckert, Philipp Roese, Sonya Calnan, Rory Bagacki, Rutger Schlatmann, Cedric Grosselindemann, Laura-Alena Schaefer, Norbert H. Menzler, Andre Weber, Roel van de Krol, Feng Liang, Fatwa F. Abdi, Stefan Brendelberger, Nicole Neumann, Johannes Grobbel, Martin Roeb, Christian Sattler, Ines Duran, Benjamin Dietrich, M. E. Christoph Hofberger, Leonid Stoppel, Neele Uhlenbruck, Thomas Wetzel, David Rauner, Ante Hecimovic, Ursel Fantz, Nadiia Kulyk, Jens Harting, Olivier Guillon
Summary: Hydrogen produced from renewables will have a growing impact on global energy dynamics towards sustainability and carbon neutrality. However, the current share of green hydrogen is too low, and there is a rising demand for high-quality hydrogen. This highlights the need for economically viable hydrogen generation technologies. This article evaluates existing technologies for high-quality hydrogen production based on solar energy, considering their current development level, technical limitations, and future potential.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Benjamin Koenigshofer, Michael Hoeber, Norbert H. Menzler, Hartmuth Schroettner, Christoph Hochenauer, Vanja Subotic
Summary: High temperature solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC) provide a unique solution for converting steam and electricity into hydrogen, with the ability to produce syngas by adding CO2. However, specific operating conditions can negatively affect the performance and lifespan of SOECs. This study focuses on experimental investigations of steam-electrode supported SOECs with segmented air electrodes, aiming to identify locally-resolved impedance and degradation characteristics caused by different operating conditions in steam and co-electrolysis mode using EIS, DRT, and SEM.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Ro. Peters, W. Tiedemann, I. Hoven, R. Deja, N. Kruse, Q. Fang, D. Schaefer, F. Kunz, L. Blum, R. Peters, R. -A Eichel
Summary: A reversible solid oxide cell system with a power of 5/15 kW(DC) was developed and tested successfully, followed by the development of a 10/40 kW(AC) system in 2019. The system utilizes an Integrated Module, consisting of sub-stacks, heat exchangers, and heating plates, as the main components. In fuel cell mode, the system can provide an electrical output power from 1.7 to 13 kW(AC), with a maximum efficiency of 63.3% based on the lower heating value (LHV) at 10.4 kW(AC) system power. In electrolysis mode, a maximum efficiency of 71.1% (LHV) was achieved with an electrical power input of -49.6 kW(AC), generating about 11.7 Nm(3) h(-1) of hydrogen.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
