Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Juan Garcia-Arriaza, Mariano Esteban, Daniel Lopez
Summary: There is a need for a highly effective vaccine against the emerging chikungunya virus, and this review discusses the development of potential vaccine candidates. It highlights the importance of understanding the immune responses induced by these candidates in animal models before progressing to human clinical trials.
Article
Virology
Noam Erez, Linda S. Wyatt, Jeffrey L. Americo, Wei Xiao, Bernard Moss
Summary: The study identified spontaneous mutations in MVA that led to increased replication in monkey BS-C-1 cells but minimal effects in human cells, mainly due to amino acid substitutions in the D10 decapping enzyme. Despite the mutations being distant from the active site of the decapping enzyme, engineered mutations still enhanced virus replication in BS-C-1 cells. The impact of these mutations on the immunogenicity of MVA vectors requires further investigation.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Aniruddha Hazra, Laura Rusie, Trevor Hedberg, John A. Schneider
Summary: This study utilizes electronic medical records to analyze monkeypox infections following a single dose of Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic vaccine, a nonreplicating vaccine used for preventing smallpox and monkeypox infections in adults.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alina Tscherne, Jan Hendrik Schwarz, Cornelius Rohde, Alexandra Kupke, Georgia Kalodimou, Leonard Limpinsel, Nisreen M. A. Okba, Berislav Bosnjak, Inga Sandrock, Ivan Odak, Sandro Halwe, Lucie Sauerhering, Katrin Brosinski, Liangliang Nan, Elke Duell, Sylvia Jany, Astrid Freudenstein, Joerg Schmidt, Anke Werner, Michelle Gellhorn Serra, Michael Kluever, Wolfgang Guggemos, Michael Seilmaier, Clemens-Martin Wendtner, Reinhold Foerster, Bart L. Haahmans, Stephan Becker, Gerd Sutter, Asisa Volz
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused the COVID-19 pandemic, and a recombinant MVA expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein shows promise as a candidate for developing a COVID-19 vaccine.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Alexandra Kupke, Asisa Volz, Erik Dietzel, Astrid Freudenstein, Joerg Schmidt, Hosam Shams-Eldin, Sylvia Jany, Lucie Sauerhering, Verena Kraehling, Michelle Gellhorn Serra, Christiane Herden, Markus Eickmann, Stephan Becker, Gerd Sutter
Summary: This study tested two recombinant MVA-based Ebola virus vaccine candidates in mice and found that vaccination generated virus-neutralizing antibodies and specific CD8+ T cell response. Vaccinated mice survived Ebola virus infection and had significantly reduced viral loads compared to mock-vaccinated mice.
Review
Immunology
Olga Vladimirovna Orlova, Dina Viktorovna Glazkova, Elena Vladimirovna Bogoslovskaya, German Alexandrovich Shipulin, Sergey Mikhailovich Yudin
Summary: This article reviews the history and characteristics of Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) as a viral vector for vaccines, and discusses the immunogenicity and efficacy of some vaccines based on this vector.
Article
Virology
Joe Holley, Rebecca P. Sumner, Sian Lant, Paolo Ribeca, David Ulaeto, Carlos Maluquer de Motes
Summary: The study shows that vaccinia virus regulates the production and maturation of different types of virions through the expression of the viral protein A26. A26 ensures sufficient viral dissemination and provides virions with enhanced environmental stability. This virus-regulated mechanism represents a novel level of complexity in mammalian viruses with significant impacts on evolution, adaptation, and transmission.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Nadia Vaez G. Cruz, Matheus Nobrega Luques, Terezinha Marta Pereira P. Castineiras, Jr Orlando Costa Ferreira, Regina Helena S. Peralta, Luciana J. da Costa, Clarissa R. Damaso
Summary: Researchers analyzed the complete genome sequences of three VACV-Wyeth clonal isolates obtained from Brazil in the 1970s, finding high similarity with Dryvax clones. Recombination events were detected between Wyeth A111 and Acam2000 clones, suggesting similar patterns in other regions of the genomes. A small-scale serological survey revealed the presence of anti-VACV IgG antibodies in individuals born before the end of smallpox vaccination in Brazil, demonstrating the usefulness of the VACV-Wyeth strain in future serological studies.
Article
Immunology
Lucas Wilken, Sonja Stelz, Ayse Agac, Gerd Sutter, Chittappen Kandiyil Prajeeth, Guus F. Rimmelzwaan
Summary: The four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV1-4) remain a major public health threat. The first licensed dengue vaccine has shown poor performance in individuals with low immunity, making them susceptible to antibody-enhanced dengue disease. NS1, a non-structural protein of DENV, has the potential to trigger vascular leakage, a severe symptom of dengue disease, but its use as a vaccine antigen is hindered by this drawback.
Article
Microbiology
Aline R. V. Souza, Annika Brinkmann, Jose Esparza, Andreas Nitsche, Clarissa R. Damaso, Rino Rappuoli
Summary: This study investigates the gene content and genomic structure of historical smallpox vaccines used in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The findings reveal differences between these vaccines, contemporary vaccinia viruses, and horsepox viruses. The study suggests the coexistence of different horsepox-based vaccines and potentially unsampled progenitors of modern vaccinia virus. This research contributes to our understanding of the origins of contemporary vaccinia viruses and the evolution of smallpox vaccines.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Junda Zhu, Xintao Gao, Yijing Li, Zihui Zhang, Shijie Xie, Shuning Ren, Yarui Li, Hua Li, Kang Niu, Shufang Fu, Yining Deng, Yinu Li, Bernard Moss, Wenxue Wu, Chen Peng
Summary: This study reveals the detailed mechanism by which FAM111A inhibits poxviruses and provides explanations for the immune evasive function of vaccinia virus SPI-1.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kyle Varkoly, Roxana Beladi, Mostafa Hamada, Grant Mcfadden, James Irving, Alexandra R. Lucas
Summary: Viral serpins, a class of highly effective protein inhibitors, have the potential to be utilized as novel therapeutics for immune modulation, coagulation regulation, and apoptosis regulation, due to their unique characteristics of low dosage requirement, target specificity, minimal side effects, and modifiability.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Gwendal Graenicher, Felipe Tapia, Ilona Behrendt, Ingo Jordan, Yvonne Genzel, Udo Reichl
Summary: The study compares different cell retention options for high-yield MVA virus production in perfusion mode, finding that the highest yields can be achieved through a perfusion strategy with working volume expansion after virus infection.
BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Lucy Deng, Laura K. Lopez, Catherine Glover, Patrick Cashman, Renee Reynolds, Kristine Macartney, Nicholas Wood
Summary: This study utilizes data from Australia's vaccine safety surveillance system to investigate the adverse effects of the modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic vaccine.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Shuai Cao, Joshua A. Molina, Fernando Cantu, Candy Hernandez, Zhilong Yang
Summary: This study demonstrates that vaccinia virus-encoded decapping enzyme D10 colocalizes predominantly with mitochondria, and loss of mitochondrial colocalization significantly impairs viral replication, D10's gene expression shutoff, and mRNA translation promotion ability.