Proteins of the Hedgehog signaling pathway as therapeutic targets against cancer

The Hedgehog pathway plays a crucial role in growth and patterning during embryonic development and is involved in stem cell maintenance and proliferation in adult tissues. Mutations that increase the overall activity of the pathway are often associated with a higher incidence of cancers. This article focuses on the mutations, misfoldings and deregulations of the Hedgehog pathway proteins that have been reported to be involved in different tumors, and on small molecules targeting these proteins shown to slow down the growth of certain tumors in various animal models. We propose that proteomics could be a powerful tool to identify new targets of the Hedgehog pathway, enabling the discovery of effective and novel treatments for cancers.