Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Megan C. Hansel, Hannah R. Murphy, Jessica Brunner, Christina Wang, Richard K. Miller, Thomas G. O'Connor, Emily S. Barrett, Zorimar Rivera-Nunez
Summary: The study found that neighborhood stressors were associated with higher levels of maternal testosterone, which may have implications for maternal and child health.
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jiahui Liu, Zhe Liu, Weixia Sun, Ling Luo, Xingna An, Dehai Yu, Wanning Wang
Summary: Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication in diabetes, and current treatments mainly focus on glucose and blood pressure control. However, new drugs targeting the pathological mechanisms of DN have emerged, and there is growing attention on therapeutic strategies targeting these mechanisms. Sex hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, are believed to play important roles in the onset and progression of DN, but the underlying molecular mechanism is not fully understood. This review aims to summarize the correlation between sex hormones and DN and evaluate the potential value of hormonotherapy in DN.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lovlesh Thakur, Sunil Thakur
Summary: This review summarizes the role of miRNAs in endometrial cancer regulated by sex steroid hormone pathways. Dysregulation of miRNAs has been linked to abnormal sex steroid hormone signaling and the development of endometrial cancer. Various miRNAs have been identified as modulators of estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, and the miRNA expression profile has been shown to be a predictor of response to hormone therapy. Future studies should focus on elucidating the functional roles of specific miRNAs in sex steroid hormone signaling and identifying novel miRNA targets for hormone therapy in endometrial cancer management.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zorimar Rivera-Nunez, Megan Hansel, Camila Capurro, Danielle Kozlosky, Christina Wang, Cathleen L. Doherty, Brian Buckley, Pamela Ohman-Strickland, Richard K. Miller, Thomas G. O'Connor, Lauren M. Aleksunes, Emily S. Barrett
Summary: This study found that cadmium exposure during pregnancy may lead to lower testosterone levels in pregnant women, while estrogen levels remain unchanged. This effect may be stronger in pregnancies carrying female fetuses. Further research is needed to understand how alterations in gestational testosterone activity may impact pregnancy and child health.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ying Meng, Loralei L. Thornburg, Kathleen M. Hoeger, Zorimar Rivera- Nunez, Amber Kautz, Adam T. Evans, Christina Wang, Richard K. Miller, Susan W. Groth, Thomas G. O'Connor, Emily S. Barrett
Summary: This study aimed to assess the relationships between early-pregnancy sex steroid hormones and the subsequent development of hyperglycemia during pregnancy, as well as the associations between sex steroid hormone levels and gestational diabetes diagnosis. The results showed that total testosterone, free testosterone, and estrone in early pregnancy were positively associated with glucose levels and gestational diabetes in mid-late pregnancy. These hormones may serve as early predictors of gestational diabetes along with other risk factors.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Luca T. Giurgea, Adriana Cervantes-Medina, Kathie-Anne Walters, Kelsey Scherler, Alison Han, Lindsay M. Czajkowski, Holly Ann Baus, Sally Hunsberger, Sabra L. Klein, John C. Kash, Jeffery K. Taubenberger, Matthew J. Memoli
Summary: In this study, it was found that females were more likely to have symptoms and a higher number of symptoms than males after influenza challenge. Neuraminidase inhibition (NAI) titers were found to be predictive of all outcomes of interest.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Reegan A. J. Miller, Abigael P. Williams, Susan Kovats
Summary: Epidemiological studies have shown sex differences in the incidence and morbidity of respiratory virus infections, which may be related to differences in the immune response. Animal models also exhibit sex differences in immunity and morbidity, suggesting variations in specific immune mechanisms. Recent research has revealed intrinsic sex differences in immune cell transcriptomes, epigenomes, and proteomes, which may regulate human immunity during viral infections. Understanding the role of sex steroids, X chromosome complement, and immune cell regulation can help explain the significant sex differences in immunity to respiratory pathogens.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sofia R. Bernstein, Caroline Kelleher, Raouf A. Khalil
Summary: Previous research has assumed that male and female biology is similar except for the reproductive system, leading to misconceptions in research interpretations and clinical applications. However, recent research has identified sex differences in various organs and systems, as well as differences in the prevalence and severity of certain disorders between males and females. This highlights the importance of studying gender differences in biology and disease.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sarah Costa, Ardan M. Saguner, Alessio Gasperetti, Deniz Akdis, Corinna Brunckhorst, Firat Duru
Summary: Gender is an independent risk factor for cardiac arrhythmias, with males more likely to have atrial fibrillation and Brugada Syndrome, while females are at higher risk for Long QT Syndrome. A significant impact of sex hormones on cardiac ion channels has been observed, influencing the cardiac conduction system and susceptibility to arrhythmias.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marion Kadlecova, Kristine Freude, Henriette Haukedal
Summary: Sex differences in brain morphology, sex hormones, aging processes, and immune responses need to be considered for proper modeling of neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), which has clear sex differences. Microglia, major players in the neuroinflammatory process in AD, are directly affected by sex hormones. The inclusion of both sexes in research studies is gaining attention.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexandra Robciuc, Hanna Savolainen-Peltonen, Mikko Haanpaa, Jukka A. O. Moilanen, Tomi S. Mikkola
Summary: The sexual dimorphism in inflammatory/autoimmune diseases is mainly caused by sex hormone actions. Dry eye, a common eye disease, disproportionately affects women. The hormone levels in tears are correlated with serum levels.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Le-Tian Huang, Jia-He Wang
Summary: Sarcopenia is characterized by excessive loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, associated with overall poor muscle performance status in the elderly and chronic disease patients. Its causes are multifactorial, involving molecular mechanisms such as mitochondrial function, inflammatory pathways, and circulating hormones. Age-related changes in sex steroid hormone concentrations play a significant role in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia, suggesting therapeutic interventions targeting these hormones may be beneficial in combination with specific exercise and nutrition regimens.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Meng Qi Zhang, Kimberly F. Macala, Alison Fox-Robichaud, Asher A. Mendelson, Manoj M. Lalu
Summary: The importance of considering sex and gender in biomedical research is increasingly recognized, particularly in the fields of clinical and preclinical sepsis. Clinical studies are limited by observational data and confounding factors, while preclinical studies offer a unique opportunity to study sex differences. Females may exhibit more favorable outcomes in these studies.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ya-Ting Chang, Yung-Lung Chen, Hong-Yo Kang
Summary: Sex differences play a significant role in cardiovascular and cognitive function, impacting various aspects including pathophysiology, disease onset, symptoms, and severity. Atrial fibrillation (AF) may contribute to vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), with sex hormones potentially serving as therapeutic targets for early intervention.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhongyu Li, Shounan Lu, Baolin Qian, Zhanzhi Meng, Yongzhi Zhou, Dong Chen, Bangliang Chen, Guangchao Yang, Yong Ma
Summary: Several studies have shown that males are more severely affected than females in the process of ischemia and reperfusion of different organs. This study aims to investigate the correlation between the severity of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) and sex, and analyze the potential underlying mechanism. 75 patients with benign liver tumors who underwent partial hepatectomy were enrolled. Comparative analysis revealed that HIRI was more severe in males, especially in younger patients. Estrogen level differences may play a significant role in the sex differences observed in HIRI, along with other gonadal hormones.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)