Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mehdi Arbabi-Ghahroudi
Summary: Since the discovery of camelid heavy-chain antibodies in 1993, there has been great interest in the research and application of nanobodies. After years of effort, the first nanobody drug was approved in 2018-2019 for the treatment of rare blood clotting disorders. Despite intellectual property restrictions, nanobodies have the potential to become mainstream biotherapeutics in the future.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Vahab Ziaei, Alireza Ghassempour, Fatemeh Davami, Bahareh Azarian, Mahdi Behdani, Hamed Dabiri, Mahdi Habibi-Anbouhi
Summary: Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) merge monoclonal antibody specificity with chemotherapy cytotoxicity, but face challenges of insufficient internalization, complex structures, and large size. Camelid single domain antibody fragments (Nanobody) provide solutions with nanoscale size, high solubility, recombinant expression, enhanced tissue penetration, and conjugation advantages.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Yasaman Asaadi, Fatemeh Fazlollahi Jouneghani, Sara Janani, Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh
Summary: By comparing the structure and properties of camelid antibodies (VHHs) and single-chain variable fragments (scFvs), it can be determined which one is more suitable for their respective therapeutic, diagnostic, and research applications.
BIOMARKER RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Qingqing He, Mian Wang, Yajie Zhao, Guiyu Tan, Man Zhang, Rui Feng, Yujie Chen, Baomin Wang, Qing X. Li
Summary: To improve the selection efficiency of nanobodies against atrazine in a phage display library, anti-carrier protein phages were depleted using immunomagnetic beads conjugated with bovine serum albumin. This depletion strategy tripled the number of atrazine-positive phage clones and resulted in the selection of a sensitive phage clone with greater thermostability and organic solvent tolerance compared to a monoclonal antibody. The Nb3-based immunoassay showed similar specificity but higher IC50 and method detection limit compared to the mAb 5D9-based immunoassay.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Alireza Shoari, Mehdi Tahmasebi, Farnaz Khodabakhsh, Reza Ahangari Cohan, Akbar Oghalaie, Mahdi Behdani
Summary: Monoclonal antibodies, though effective, have limitations in cancer therapy. Nanobodies, small antigen binding antibody fragments, show promise in cancer research, diagnosis, and treatment.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu-Lei Chen, Xin-Xin Xie, Ning Zhong, Le-Chang Sun, Duanquan Lin, Ling-Jing Zhang, Ling Weng, Tengchuan Jin, Min-Jie Cao
Summary: Since the discovery of fluorescent proteins, their unique properties have been widely used in biological research. Antibodies targeting these proteins, including nanobodies, have emerged and shown great potential. Nanobodies are a new type of antibody that are small, stable, and functional in living cells, and they can easily access hidden antigenic epitopes on the target surface. This review provides an overview of various fluorescent proteins, their antibodies, especially nanobodies, and advanced applications of nanobodies targeting fluorescent proteins. It is a valuable resource for further research in this field and enhances the value of fluorescent proteins in biological research.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yaxian Mei, Yuanzhi Chen, Jwala P. P. Sivaccumar, Zhiqiang An, Ningshao Xia, Wenxin Luo
Summary: This paper introduces the construction methods, potential functions, and applications of nanobodies in human infectious diseases. Nanobodies, with their high stability and ease of modification, can be used as a therapeutic tool against infectious diseases.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yanis Ramdani, Juliette Lamamy, Herve Watier, Valerie Gouilleux-Gruart
Summary: This review discusses the mutations that regulate FcRn binding and the application of anti-FcRn monoclonal antibodies. Mutations near and outside the FcRn binding site can enhance affinity for FcRn, leading to prolonged half-life and improved biodistribution of monoclonal antibodies. Blocking FcRn binding can result in degradation of endogenous IgG. Anti-FcRn monoclonal antibodies have the potential to deplete endogenous IgG and show promising biological and clinical applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Junyi Zhang, Jie Xiang, Lei Liao, Bingying Jiang, Ruo Yuan, Yun Xiang
Summary: A highly sensitive method for detecting cancer therapeutic monoclonal antibody in diluted human serums was established, which can selectively discriminate the target antibody and has the potential for developing versatile sensing platforms.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Ning Xiao, Yun-yun Lu, Jian-nan Li, Chang-feng Chen, Hui-xing Lin, Hong-jie Fan
Summary: In this study, a novel L. intracellularis Hsp60 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was developed for immunodiagnostics of porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE). The mAbs showed high specificity to L. intracellularis and did not cross-react with other common enteric bacteria.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AGRICULTURE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Javier Narbona, Luisa Hernandez-Baraza, Ruben G. Gordo, Laura Sanz, Javier Lacadena
Summary: Immunotoxins are chimeric molecules that combine the specificity of an antibody-based targeting domain and the cytotoxic potency of a toxin. This study designed and characterized several immunotoxin constructs using nanobodies as targeting domains against EGFR. The results confirm the therapeutic potential of a-sarcin-based nanoITXs.
Article
Immunology
Natalie Baum, Marie Eggers, Julia Koenigsdorf, Stephan Menzel, Julia Hambach, Tobias Staehler, Ralf Fliegert, Frederike Kulow, Gerhard Adam, Friedrich Haag, Peter Bannas, Friedrich Koch-Nolte
Summary: CD38 is a major NAD(+)-hydrolyzing ecto-enzyme in mammals and a potential target for immunotherapy in multiple myeloma. Mouse CD38-specific nanobodies isolated through phage display technology can induce cytotoxicity against CD38-expressing tumor cells, providing tools to assess cytotoxicity mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xihua Lian, Amy Scott-Thomas, John G. Lewis, Madhav Bhatia, Sean A. MacPherson, Yiming Zeng, Stephen T. Chambers
Summary: Invasive aspergillosis is a life-threatening fungal disease that poses challenges for early and accurate diagnosis and treatment. Current diagnostic techniques are inadequate, resulting in patients being diagnosed as possible or probable cases without confirmation. Therefore, more precise diagnostic techniques and targeted antifungal treatments are needed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Zenglei Hu, Ya Huang, Jiangyan Zhao, Jiao Hu, Shunlin Hu, Xiufan Liu
Summary: In this study, a recombinant antibody against H7N9 avian influenza virus was expressed in CHO cells, showing high yield, high purity, and broad reactivity with different influenza subtypes. The results suggest that cell-based antibody expression system can be used as an important alternative for influenza virus diagnostics.
PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION
(2022)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Jiaqian Kou, Jianzhong Shen, Zhanhui Wang, Wenbo Yu
Summary: As a rapidly developing cell engineering technique, cell electrofusion has been increasingly applied in the field of hybridoma preparation in recent years. However, its complete replacement of the polyethylene glycol-mediated cell fusion is difficult due to high operation requirements, cost of electrofusion instruments, and lack of prior research. This review summarizes the current state of cell electrofusion in hybridoma preparation, focusing on instruments, process control, and cell treatment. It provides important information and insights for further development in this field.
BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Serge Muyldermans
Summary: Nanobodies, a trademark of Ablynx, are single antigen-binding domains of heavy chain-only antibodies in Camelidae produced recombinantly for research and medical applications. Various methods are used for their generation, producing cost-effective Nbs with high affinity for their target antigens. Additionally, engineering technologies have been explored to broaden the application range of Nbs for potential advantages over other affinity reagents.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Raf Van Campenhout, Serge Muyldermans, Mathieu Vinken, Nick Devoogdt, Timo W. M. De Groof
Summary: Cell plasma membrane proteins play a crucial role in cell regulation, with transport proteins facilitating molecule and ion exchange. The dysfunction of these proteins can lead to various human pathologies, making them potential therapeutic targets. Nanobodies show promise in targeting and modulating the activity of these proteins, offering a potential approach in drug development.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Raf Van Campenhout, Ana Rita Gomes, Timo W. M. De Groof, Serge Muyldermans, Nick Devoogdt, Mathieu Vinken
Summary: Gap junctions and connexin hemichannels play different roles in intercellular and extracellular communication, with the former maintaining homeostasis and the latter being associated with the onset and spread of disease by mediating messenger transport that fuels inflammation and cell death in various diseases. The present review discusses the mechanisms involved in the activation of connexin hemichannels during pathology.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Andreas H. Laustsen, Victor Greiff, Aneesh Karatt-Vellatt, Serge Muyldermans, Timothy P. Jenkins
Summary: The debate on the benefits and drawbacks of antibody discovery through animal immunization versus in vitro selection from nonanimal-derived recombinant repertoires has persisted for years. While some argue that using recombinant display libraries can reduce animal consumption, the number of animals sacrificed during preclinical studies far exceeds those used in immunization campaigns. Therefore, improving quality control before in vivo studies will have a larger impact on animal consumption. Both animal immunization and recombinant repertoires offer unique advantages for discovering fit-for-purpose antibodies. Additionally, machine learning is expected to play a significant role in refining current antibody discovery practices.
TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Edson Kinimi, Serge Muyldermans, Cecile Vincke, Steven Odongo, Richard Kock, Satya Parida, Mana Mahapatra, Gerald Misinzo
Summary: Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) causes a devastating disease in sheep and goats, threatening food security and conservation efforts. Innovative diagnostic tools, such as nanobodies derived from camelid antibodies, show promise in rapidly identifying PPRV.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Stanislav Trashin, Francisco Morales-Yanez, Saranya Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam, Linda Paredis, Erik N. Carrion, Idalia Sariego, Serge Muyldermans, Katja Polman, Sergiu M. Gorun, Karolien De Wael
Summary: A new method for detecting the antigen marker of human toxocariasis is proposed, utilizing a rapid sandwich immunoassay sensor that achieves high sensitivity to pg/mL levels through a redox cycle involving photocatalytic oxidation and electrochemical reduction steps.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Tahir S. Pillay, Serge Muyldermans
Summary: Antibodies have been pivotal in diagnostic methods, transitioning from polyclonal to monoclonal antibodies, and now to single-domain antibodies like nanobodies. This evolution has greatly enhanced diagnostic accuracy and simplified processes of protein re-engineering and expression.
ANNALS OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Edson Kinimi, Mana Mahapatra, Tebogo Kgotlele, Mariam R. Makange, Chandana Tennakoon, Felix Njeumi, Steven Odongo, Serge Muyldermans, Richard Kock, Satya Parida, Mark Rweyemamu, Gerald Misinzo
Summary: PPRV virus causes a devastating disease in sheep and goats, and Oxford nanopore MinION sequencing technology shows promise in quickly generating complete genomes for diagnostic and surveillance purposes, especially in developing countries. Larger field studies are needed to assess the robustness of this technology for PPR control and eradication efforts.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yaozhong Hu, Chuan Zhang, Feier Yang, Jing Lin, Yi Wang, Sihao Wu, Ying Sun, Bowei Zhang, Huan Lv, Xuemeng Ji, Yang Lu, Serge Muyldermans, Shuo Wang
Summary: This study demonstrated the selection of Nbs against allergen with crude protein content to develop the immunoassay for lupine surveillance in foods. The developed sandwich ELISA showed a linear range of 0.036-4.4 mu g/mL with a detection limit of 1.15 ng/mL, confirming the effectiveness of the immunoassay. The immunoassay was further validated by detecting samples with spiked allergen, showing a recovery rate of 86.25% to 108.45% with a coefficient of variation (CV) less than 4.0%.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Rasel A. Al-Amin, Phathutshedzo M. Muthelo, Eldar Abdurakhmanov, Cecile Vincke, Shahnaz P. Amin, Serge Muyldermans, U. Helena Danielson, Ulf Landegren
Summary: High-quality affinity probes are essential for protein detection. Nanobodies have been explored as alternative affinity reagents to polyclonal antibodies. The efficient site-specific method described in this study allows the preparation of high-quality oligo-conjugated nanobody probes, which demonstrate improved performance in proximity extension assays (PEA) compared to polyclonal antibody probes.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Yaozhong Hu, Yi Wang, Jing Lin, Sihao Wu, Serge Muyldermans, Shuo Wang
Summary: The unique characteristics of camelid heavy-chain only antibodies (HCAb) derived nanobodies (Nbs) have led to their widespread application in various fields. However, their application in food allergen inspection and immunotherapy has been lacking. Nbs possess strong properties and a simple selecting strategy, making them advantageous for immunoassays and as blocking antibodies. The development of specific Nbs against food allergens shows their potential in food allergen surveillance and immunotherapy.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yaozhong Hu, Jing Lin, Yi Wang, Sihao Wu, Jing Wu, Huan Lv, Xuemeng Ji, Serge Muyldermans, Yan Zhang, Shuo Wang
Summary: This study generated SF-specific nanobodies and demonstrated their potential as diagnostic immunoassay tools.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lan-Huong Tran, Geert-Jan Graulus, Cecile Vincke, Natalia Smiejkowska, Anne Kindt, Nick Devoogdt, Serge Muyldermans, Peter Adriaensens, Wanda Guedens
Summary: Ovarian cancer ranks fifth in cancer-related deaths among women, often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Nanobodies targeting ovarian cancer biomarkers have strong binding affinity and high specificity, showing potential for early detection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Giulia Monti, Cecile Vincke, Melanie Lunding, Anne Mette G. Jensen, Peder Madsen, Serge Muyldermans, Mads Kjolby, Olav M. Andersen
Summary: In this study, we purified and characterized eight Nbs that specifically recognize SORLA with high affinity. These Nbs have the potential to be used in disease clarifying research and clinical diagnostics.
JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Marcus Petersson, Sandra W. Thrane, Lone Gram, Serge Muyldermans, Andreas H. Laustsen
TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
