Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jogender Kumar, Jitendra Meena, Ankit Ranjan, Praveen Kumar
Summary: This systematic review examined the effect of oropharyngeal application of colostrum or mother's own milk on preterm infants, and found that it can reduce the risk of infection and necrotizing enterocolitis, and has benefits in early feeding.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Fangmei Luo, Min Zhang, Lian Zhang, Ping Zhou
Summary: Bovine colostrum (BC), the milk produced by cows in the first few days after parturition, contains high concentrations of immunoglobulins, bioactive peptides, and growth factors. It has various biological functions, such as promoting cell growth, anti-infection, and immunomodulation. BC plays an important role in neonatal nutrition, immune support, growth and development, and gut health. It is safe at low doses and has been shown to be effective in preventing disorders including rotavirus diarrhea, necrotizing enterocolitis, and sepsis in animal models of prematurity and newborn studies. However, further research is needed to determine the optimal age, timing, dosage, and form of BC administration.
Article
Pediatrics
Brenda Poindexter
Summary: Probiotic products in the US and Canada are increasingly used in preterm infants, despite lacking FDA approval and sufficient evidence on safety and efficacy. The use of dietary supplement-grade probiotics raises concerns due to potential contamination and lack of regulation. As such, universal administration of probiotics to preterm infants is not recommended based on current evidence.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marwyn Sowden, Mirjam Maria van Weissenbruch, Andre Nyandwe Hamama Bulabula, Lizelle van Wyk, Jos Twisk, Evette van Niekerk
Summary: The study found that a multi-strain probiotic formulation is effective in preventing necrotizing enterocolitis and feeding intolerances in premature neonates. This research is of great importance in exploring treatment methods for preventing intestinal diseases in premature infants.
Article
Pediatrics
Wei Feng, Jinping Hou, Chenzhu Xiang, Xiaohong Die, Jing Sun, Zhenhua Guo, Wei Liu, Yi Wang
Summary: The study found that Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) can serve as an effective marker at the time of diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) to predict the risk of patients undergoing surgery and mortality, providing significant value in identifying patients requiring surgical intervention.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Johannes W. W. Duess, Maame E. E. Sampah, Carla M. M. Lopez, Koichi Tsuboi, Daniel J. J. Scheese, Chhinder P. P. Sodhi, David J. J. Hackam
Summary: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease in premature infants, caused by dietary and bacterial factors in a vulnerable host. Intestinal perforation can lead to severe infection and sepsis. Toll-like receptor 4 has been identified as a critical regulator of NEC development. This review article presents recent findings on microbial signaling, the immature immune system, intestinal ischemia, systemic inflammation, and potential therapeutic approaches.
Article
Pediatrics
Ying Wei, Yanhong Zhu, Xiaoping Luo, Ling Chen, Xiaolin Hu
Summary: The study suggests that early surgical intervention without pneumoperitoneum may be beneficial for neonates with NEC. Aggressive surgical treatment before the onset of pneumoperitoneum could help prevent short bowel syndrome and neurodevelopmental impairment.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Hongbo Wang, Xinyao Meng, Shihan Xing, Baotong Guo, Yuhan Chen, Yu-Qing Pan
Summary: A recent meta-analysis has shown that probiotic supplementation can effectively prevent the occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and reduce mortality in neonates.
Article
Pediatrics
Rania I. H. Ismail, Hisham A. Awad, Safaa S. Imam, Ghada I. Gad, Nancy M. Aboushady, Rania M. Abdou, Deena S. Eissa, Nesmahar T. Azzam, Maha M. Barakat, Mostafa M. Yassin, Noha M. Barakat
Summary: This study found that preterm neonates who received bovine colostrum showed higher levels of FOXP3 Tregs, which may have a positive impact on reducing sepsis severity and mortality.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Murat Cetinbas, Julie Thai, Evgenia Filatava, Katherine E. Gregory, Ruslan I. Sadreyev
Summary: The use of antibiotics has a lasting impact on the acquisition of the microbiome in preterm infants, affecting the content, diversity, and temporal stability. Dysbiosis and fluctuations in the microbiome persist even after antibiotic exposure, with a few common bacteria dominating the microbiome diversity.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Wenjuan Chen, Xiaohui Chen, Yun Qian, Xingyun Wang, Yahui Zhou, Xiangyun Yan, Boshi Yu, Shuwen Yao, Zhangbin Yu, Jingai Zhu, Shuping Han
Summary: The study reveals the complexity of lipid expression profiles in exosomes derived from preterm and term human milk. The top 50 lipids identified in the exosomes regulate intestinal epithelial cell function via the ERK/MAPK pathway, providing novel mechanistic insight on how human milk prevents the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiuhao Zhao, Wenhua Liang, Yonghui Wang, Ruirong Yi, Lingjie Luo, Weifang Wang, Nannan Sun, Mingcheng Yu, Weijue Xu, Qingfeng Sheng, Li Lu, Jianfeng Pang, Zhibao Lv, Feng Wang
Summary: The high proportion of ROR gamma t (+) cells in newborn mice may directly contribute to the development of NEC.
CELL AND BIOSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Yufeng Liu, Jialiang Zhou, Baozhu Chen, Xiao Liu, Yao Cai, Wei Liu, Hu Hao, Sitao Li
Summary: Mass cytometry time-of-flight technology was used to identify specific immune cell populations in the blood and intestinal mucosa tissue of patients with necrotizing enterocolitis, providing insights into the dysregulated immune response and cell localization in this disease.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Zhiqi Li, Chongbing Yan, Xiaohui Gong, Junfang Wang
Summary: This article reports the first case of a Chinese neonate developing intravascular hemolysis and necrotizing enterocolitis following C. perfringens septicemia. The case highlights the importance of considering C. perfringens infection in neonates presenting with severe intestinal infection and intravascular hemolysis.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Megan Hudson Tucker, Hung-Wen Yeh, Daniel Oh, Nicole Shaw, Navin Kumar, Venkatesh Sampath
Summary: This study aims to establish an association between preterm neonatal sepsis and acute lung injury (ALI) by evaluating pulmonary severity scores and C-reactive protein values over time. The study found that PSS significantly increased over time in sepsis events and was positively correlated with CRP levels, supporting the hypothesis that neonatal sepsis is associated with ALI.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)