Article
Ecology
Rosalind J. Dodd, David R. Chadwick, Ian M. Harris, Adrian Hines, Dan Hollis, Theodoros Economou, Dylan Gwynn-Jones, John Scullion, David A. Robinson, David L. Jones
Summary: Recent research has found significant increases in the intensity, direction of change, and spatial position of extreme weather events since 1961. All land uses are impacted by the increasing risk of at least one extreme event, while conservation areas are identified as hotspots for the co-occurrence of multiple event types.
Editorial Material
Hematology
Sue Pavord, Liz Orchard
Summary: Specialists in Obstetric Haematology face challenges in managing pregnant women with mechanical heart valves, who are at high risk of death or severe morbidity. Balancing effective anticoagulation with the risk of obstetric haemorrhage and fetal loss is a difficult decision. Lester and colleagues from the British Society for Haematology provide comprehensive recommendations based on available evidence.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Economics
Ho-Chuan Huang, Xiuhua Wang, Xin Xiong
Summary: This note addresses the problem of combining macro time series data with micro financial and accounting panel data, and points out the issue of perfect multicollinearity. It questions the findings of existing studies and offers practical ways to mitigate this problem.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Eric Goralnick, Peter R. Chai, Timothy B. Erickson
Summary: This Viewpoint discusses the potential use of nonconventional warfare threats in the conflict in Ukraine and emphasizes the need for healthcare professionals to recognize and respond to these threats.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Alex Broom, Katherine Kenny, Emma Kirby, Mark Davis, Susan Dodds, Jeffrey Post, Jennifer Broom
Summary: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a complex issue that involves social, cultural, economic and political factors, with the role of healthcare administration and managerialism being crucial in addressing this global health threat. Efforts to combat AMR within hospital settings have been limited by an emphasis on individual prescribing practices rather than broader structural and ideological factors. A sociological perspective that considers the institutional contexts in which prescribing occurs is essential for effectively combating rising AMR.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Christopher J. L. Murray
Summary: Understanding the true burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and its impact on human health is a major challenge, especially in areas with minimal surveillance and scarce data. The Global Research on Anti-Microbial resistance (GRAM) Project was launched to address these gaps. After 4 years of developing a stringent methodological approach and collecting/analyzing data from various sources, the capstone GRAM paper was published in January 2022. This article discusses the key findings and reviews the challenges of scaling up AMR surveillance systems in a One Health framework.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Brandon J. King, Gemma J. M. Read, Paul M. Salmon
Summary: Ecological Interface Design (EID) is a framework for developing dynamic interfaces that support operators in understanding and taking appropriate actions within complex systems. The study developed and evaluated a novel EID-based static aviation risk management display, finding that it achieved higher usability and lower workload ratings compared to a traditional risk interface, with no differences in decision accuracy and situation awareness. The findings suggest that the EID framework can improve upon static traditional displays.
APPLIED ERGONOMICS
(2022)
Article
Emergency Medicine
John R. Richards, Robert W. Derlet
Summary: This article discusses the reasons for emergency department crowding and hallway care, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, potential solutions, and the reasons why little has changed despite widespread awareness. Lack of awareness and financial/legal considerations are the main obstacles to solving this problem.
JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Faiza Farhat, Md Tanwir Athar, Sultan Ahmad, Dag Oivind Madsen, Shahab Saquib Sohail
Summary: Machine learning is widely used in various industries, including the emerging field of predicting antimicrobial resistance. This bibliometric review is expected to inspire further research in this area. The review utilizes standard bibliometric indicators to evaluate the relevance and impact of leading countries, organizations, journals, and authors in this field, and employs VOSviewer and Biblioshiny programs to analyze networks and trends. The study finds that the United States has the highest contribution, followed by China and the United Kingdom, and reveals a significant increase in research on using machine learning to predict antibiotic resistance.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Shena Y. C. Lim, Yvonne P. Zhou, Daphne Yii, De Zhi Chin, Kai Chee Hung, Lai Wei Lee, Jia Le Lim, Li Wen Loo, Narendran Koomanan, Nathalie Grace Chua, Yixin Liew, Benjamin P. Z. Cherng, Siew Yee Thien, Winnie H. L. Lee, Andrea L. H. Kwa, Shimin J. Chung
Summary: At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a concern for the misuse of antibiotics in the treatment of CA-ARI. This study demonstrates that modifying the stewardship approach and using a procalcitonin-guided strategy can effectively reduce the duration of antibiotic therapy and curb antibiotic misuse.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rachel Wheatley, Julio Diaz Caballero, Natalia Kapel, Fien H. R. de Winter, Pramod Jangir, Angus Quinn, Ester del Barrio-Tofino, Carla Lopez-Causape, Jessica Hedge, Gabriel Torrens, Thomas Van der Schalk, Basil Britto Xavier, Felipe Fernandez-Cuenca, Angel Arenzana, Claudia Recanatini, Leen Timbermont, Frangiscos Sifakis, Alexey Ruzin, Omar Ali, Christine Lammens, Herman Goossens, Jan Kluytmans, Samir Kumar-Singh, Antonio Oliver, Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar, Craig MacLean
Summary: This study reveals how host immunity and natural selection interact to drive the rapid changes in antibiotic resistance during infection. The development and decrease of resistant strains post-treatment result in dynamic changes in antibiotic resistance during the infection process.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Vignesh Palanisamy, Joseph M. Bosilevac, Darryll A. Barkhouse, Sarah E. Velez, Sapna Chitlapilly Dass
Summary: This study aimed to uncover the microbial composition and diversity in multi-species biofilms found in food-processing environments, particularly in beef processing plants. The analysis revealed the prevalence of Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter, and Acinetobacter as the top three genera in the biofilms. The high metabolic potential and presence of antimicrobial resistance genes highlight the adaptability and resilience of these communities. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the collective microbial network in a beef processing system, which can contribute to the development of effective intervention strategies to control foodborne pathogens.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Anne-Kathrin Pfrieme, Torsten Will, Klaus Pillen, Andreas Stahl
Summary: Wheat dwarf disease is an important disease that causes high yield losses in monocotyledonous species, especially in economically important cereals like wheat. Currently, the only effective methods to control this disease are cultivation practices and the use of resistant/tolerant host plants. However, there is limited knowledge about this disease and further research is needed.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Henrik Kalisch, Francesco Lagona, Volker Roeber
Summary: It is revealed that steep coastal profiles can lead to unexpectedly large wave events. A statistical analysis of a nearshore Boussinesq-type model demonstrates that under certain wave conditions, which may appear calm to an ordinary observer, the likelihood of significant run-up events is surprisingly high. The data computed by the Boussinesq-type model indicates that sea states with lower overall wave steepness favor higher run-up. In these wave conditions, more wave energy reaches the coast due to less wave breaking, which can create a false sense of security for beach-goers.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Syed Owais Javed, Aqsa Saleem, Abdul Moiz Sahito, Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
Summary: More than 1.5 million units of blood are collected in Pakistan each year, with 65% coming from replacement donors. However, the precise number of transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) is still unclear due to a lack of inexpensive and effective screening tests, leading to underestimation. The risk of getting a TTI has increased hesitancy among blood transfusion recipients.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2022)
