Article
Behavioral Sciences
Richard Houghton, Joop van den Bergh, Kiely Law, Yutong Liu, Frank de Vries
Summary: This study compared the risk of bone fractures among 6624 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), half of whom used risperidone and half of whom used aripiprazole. Taking other factors into account, risks were similar between the two groups throughout the first 180 days on treatment, but significantly higher in the aripiprazole group thereafter. The biggest differences were in lower leg and ankle fractures. Overall, compared with aripiprazole, risperidone was associated with 40% lower risk of fracture.
Article
Pediatrics
Hamza A. Alsayouf, Haitham Talo, Marisa L. Biddappa, Emily de los Reyes
Summary: Research suggests that risperidone and aripiprazole may have positive effects on behavior and core symptoms of ASD in very young children (<4 years), but may also come with side effects such as excessive weight gain.
Article
Psychiatry
Troy Q. Boucher, Julia N. Lukacs, Nichole E. Scheerer, Grace Iarocci
Summary: Based on brief videos, this study found that non-autistic adults rated autistic children less favorably than non-autistic children in terms of first impressions, with audio playing a significant role. The rater's own characteristics such as social competence, autism stigma, and past experiences with autistic people were found to be related to the bias against autistic children. These negative judgments may contribute to the social exclusion experienced by autistic children.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Hamza A. Alsayouf, Haitham Talo, Marisa L. Biddappa
Summary: This retrospective case series reports the use of risperidone and aripiprazole in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The results show that these medications can improve comorbid challenging behaviors and core symptoms of ASD in young children. However, further clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Review
Neurosciences
Brayan Jonas Mano-Sousa, Alessandra Moraes Pedrosa, Bruna Cristina Alves, Jose Carlos Fernandes Galduroz, Vinicius Silva Belo, Valeria Ernestania Chaves, Joaquim Mauricio Duarte-Almeida
Summary: Studies on the effects of risperidone on autism have shown contradictory results, with concerns about weight gain and waist circumference. While risperidone is effective for treating lethargy and inadequate speech, the risk-benefit ratio of its use remains a topic for further evaluation.
CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Elise Marriott, James Stacey, Olivia Mary Hewitt, Nienke E. Verkuijl
Summary: This study is the first to investigate the experiences of parents of autistic children who have significant autistic traits themselves. The findings suggest that these parents face difficulties with parental mental health and navigating professional services, while the interaction between parental and child autistic traits plays a significant role in parenting. The study highlights the need for adequately funded, tailored, and accessible services for these families.
JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Natalie Libster, Azia Knox, Selin Engin, Daniel Geschwind, Julia Parish-Morris, Connie Kasari
Summary: The study found that autistic children are more likely to be bullied, while those with fewer social difficulties are more likely to report being bullied. Autistic boys and girls reported similar levels of bullying victimization, but qualitative analysis revealed differences in the underlying causes of peer conflict for each gender.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Christine M. Falter-Wagner, Carola Bloch, Marta Robles, Lea Horch, Kai Vogeley, Alexandra Livia Georgescu
Summary: This study investigates whether processing preferences and training can affect the performance of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in a figure-disembedding task. The results show that individuals with ASD outperform non-autistic individuals in the baseline task, and processing preferences and training do not modulate performance in either group. However, training improves the performance of non-autistic individuals to the level of the ASD group.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Azadeh Kushki, Robyn E. Cardy, Sina Panahandeh, Mahan Malihi, Christopher Hammill, Jessica Brian, Alana Iaboni, Margot J. Taylor, Russell Schachar, Jennifer Crosbie, Paul Arnold, Elizabeth Kelley, Muhammad Ayub, Robert Nicolson, Stelios Georgiades, Jason P. Lerch, Evdokia Anagnostou
Summary: The study discovered associations between social communication abilities and distributed cortical and subcortical networks implicated in social behaviors, language, attention, memory, and executive functions, as well as three data-driven, diagnosis-agnostic subgroups based on the patterns of association in these networks.
Article
Psychiatry
Yi-Ling Chien, Chen-Chung Liu, Yen-Nan Chiu, Chao-Cheng Lin
Summary: This study aimed to compare the emotional features in Asian autistic adults without intellectual disability to non-autistic comparisons and schizophrenia. The results showed that autistic adults had difficulties in emotion perception and management, which were different from schizophrenia and correlated with autistic features. Autistic adults may need more support and services in emotion perception and management.
ASIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Loryn Byres, Emily Morris, Jehannine Austin
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the perspectives of Autistic adults regarding genetic testing for autism. A web-based survey was distributed to English-speaking Autistic adults via social media. The results indicated that Autistic adults have concerns about genetic testing for autism. Additional work is required to bridge the divide between the Autistic community and health care providers and families to identify if and when genetic testing should be offered.
GENETICS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Mohammed Moutaz Nakhal, Petrilla Jayaprakash, Salahdein Aburuz, Bassem Sadek, Amal Akour
Summary: Based on previous research on the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, this study investigated the therapeutic potential of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study evaluated the effects of canagliflozin compared to aripiprazole in a rat model of ASD induced by valproic acid (VPA). Canagliflozin treatment significantly reduced shredding behavior and anxiety levels, and mitigated oxidative stress in the brain regions of ASD-like rats. These findings suggest that canagliflozin could be repurposed for the therapeutic management of ASD, although further research is needed to confirm its clinical relevance.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jacopo Pruccoli, Simone Rosa, Carlo Alberto Cesaroni, Elisabetta Malaspina, Antonia Parmeggiani
Summary: The study found that Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) traits do not impact the treatment intensity and outcomes of adolescent patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN). Patients with AN and suspected ASD traits showed overlapping treatment types, psychopathological, and weight outcomes compared to other AN patients. ASD total scores were not correlated with treatment intensity or outcomes.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Natalie Libster, Azia Knox, Selin Engin, Daniel Geschwind, Julia Parish-Morris, Connie Kasari
Summary: Autistic girls are more likely than autistic boys and non-autistic girls to understand the meaning of friendship. However, during adolescence, they may face the redefinition of friendships and increased loneliness. While both autistic and non-autistic boys and girls can experience loneliness, some autistic girls and boys often feel lonely.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Martina Micai, Antonio Ciaramella, Tommaso Salvitti, Francesca Fulceri, Laura Maria Fatta, Luise Poustka, Robert Diehm, Georgi Iskrov, Rumen Stefanov, Quentin Guillon, Bernadette Roge, Anthony Staines, Mary Rose Sweeney, Andrew Martin Boilson, Thora Leosdottir, Evald Saemundsen, Irma Moilanen, Hanna Ebeling, Anneli Yliherva, Mika Gissler, Tarja Parviainen, Pekka Tani, Rafal Kawa, Astrid Vicente, Celia Rasga, Magdalena Budisteanu, Ian Dale, Carol Povey, Noelia Flores, Cristina Jenaro, Maria Luisa Monroy, Patricia Garcia Primo, Tony Charman, Susanne Cramer, Christine Kloster Warberg, Ricardo Canal-Bedia, Manuel Posada, Maria Luisa Scattoni, Diana Schendel
Summary: The ASDEU survey found that the majority of participants considered recommended considerations before deciding on interventions for autistic adults, with psychosocial interventions being the most common. Pharmacological interventions not recommended for core autistic symptoms were reported by a significant proportion of participants. Family interventions were slightly more common among carers, and less than 26% of autistic adult responders who experienced challenging behaviors received interventions to change them. These findings provide insights for improving gaps in service provision of interventions among autistic adults.
JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Substance Abuse
Martin H. Plawecki, Kyle A. Windisch, Leah Wetherill, Ann E. K. Kosobud, Mario Dzemidzic, David A. Kareken, Sean J. O'Connor
Article
Substance Abuse
Martin Henry Plawecki, Adnan Mahmood Durrani, Julian Boes, Leah Wetherill, Ann Kosobud, Sean O'Connor, Vijay A. Ramchandani
ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2019)
Review
Substance Abuse
Melissa A. Cyders, Martin H. Plawecki, William Corbin, Andrea King, Denis M. McCarthy, Vijay A. Ramchandani, Jessica Weafer, Sean J. O'Connor
ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Substance Abuse
Brandon G. Oberlin, Claire R. Carron, Nolan E. Ramer, Martin H. Plawecki, Sean J. O'Connor, David A. Kareken
Summary: The study found that heavy drinkers who are high sensation seekers are more likely to make impulsive alcohol choices when intoxicated, indicating a potential interaction that may contribute to impaired control over drinking. In general, the tendency towards immediate rewards and sensation seeking can affect alcohol consumption behavior.
ALCOHOL-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martin H. Plawecki, Julian Boes, Leah Wetherill, Ann E. K. Kosobud, Bethany L. Stangl, Vijay A. Ramchandani, Ulrich S. Zimmermann, John I. Nurnberger, Marc Schuckit, Howard J. Edenberg, Gayathri Pandey, Chella Kamarajan, Bernice Porjesz, Tatiana Foroud, Sean O'Connor
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between alcohol consumption patterns and the risk of alcohol use disorder. The researchers propose that the brain is sensitive to the rate of change in alcohol concentration, and individuals at higher risk are more likely to self-administer alcohol at a faster rate. They develop a unique intravenous alcohol self-administration paradigm that allows participants to control the speed at which their breath alcohol concentration changes. The study finds that shorter time to reach a certain alcohol concentration is associated with higher binge drinking intensity and family history of alcoholism. Subjective responses to alcohol, such as intoxication and stimulation, also show a rate-dependent association with family history of alcoholism. The researchers suggest that their rate control paradigm can be used to examine the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of alcohol and potentially predict the risk for alcohol use disorders.
Article
Substance Abuse
Neda Seyedsadjadi, Vijay A. Ramchandani, Martin H. Plawecki, Ann E. K. Kosobud, Sean O'Connor, Blair Rowitz, Marta Yanina Pepino
Summary: In this study, data from 143 women were analyzed, and it was found that obesity and older age were associated with faster alcohol elimination rates. However, the impact of obesity on alcohol elimination rates was mediated by an increase in fat-free mass. Additionally, bariatric surgery did not have a significant effect on alcohol elimination rates.
ALCOHOL-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Yasmin Olsson, Kenan Hodzic, Caroline Wass, Helga Lido, Bethany L. Stangl, Sean O'Connor, Martin H. Plawecki, Vijay A. Ramchandani, Bo Soderpalm, Elisabet Jerlhag
Summary: The free-access intravenous alcohol self-administration (FA-IV-ASA) paradigm can reflect drinking in social drinkers (SD) but not in individuals with mild alcohol use disorder (AUD). Further studies with a larger AUD sample are needed to better evaluate the FA-IV-ASA method.
ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Jonathan Alessi, Mario Dzemidzic, Katherine Benson, George Chittum, Ann Kosobud, Jaroslaw Harezlak, Martin H. Plawecki, Sean J. O'Connor, David A. Kareken
Summary: This study investigated the neural basis of the association between high-intensity sweet-liking and alcohol use disorder (AUD) risk. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the researchers found that the liking of high-concentration sucrose taste was positively correlated with brain responses in the supplementary motor area and right dorsal anterior insula, which are known to be involved in the salience network.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Alyssa C. Smith, Michael J. Opperman, Joseph P. McCann, Morgan P. Jivens, Julianne Giust, Leah Wetherill, Martin H. Plawecki
Summary: The study found that psychiatric education for medical students can reduce bias towards patients with mental health conditions, leading to improved outcomes. However, there is still significant bias against mental illness and psychiatry among US medical students. Healthcare educators should be aware of these biases and their potential impact on patient outcomes.
ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Elizabeth A. Lungwitz, Mario Dzemidzic, Yitong I. Shen, Martin H. Plawecki, Brandon G. Oberlin
Summary: This study measured brain activation in heavy drinkers during a cross-commodity delay discounting task and found that alcohol decision-making elicited activation in regions governing reward, introspection, and executive decision-making. There were no differences between immediate and delayed choices, suggesting that the brain processes underlying these choices are mostly overlapping.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Larrilyn L. Grant, Michael J. Opperman, Brennan Schiller, Jonathan Chastain, Jennelle Durnett Richardson, Christine Eckel, Martin H. Plawecki
Summary: This study evaluated the flipped classroom approach in medical education, specifically focusing on student engagement and performance. The results showed a positive relationship between student engagement and academic performance, with students and facilitators both perceiving the approach positively. Future research should focus on overall performance in standardized tests and other aspects of medical education.
MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Substance Abuse
S. S. Janetsian-Fritz, A. E. K. Kosobud, W. J. A. Eiler, C. M. Soeurt, B. G. Oberlin, S. J. O'Connor, M. H. Plawecki, J. Harezlak, M. Dzemidzic, D. A. Kareken
ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2018)
Meeting Abstract
Substance Abuse
A. E. K. Kosobud, C. R. Carron, M. H. Plawecki, C. M. Soeurt, S. J. O'Connor, J. Harezlak, D. A. Kareken
ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2018)
Meeting Abstract
Substance Abuse
C. N. Nona, C. Chukwueke, M. D. McPhee, L. M. Heath, J. D. Wardell, S. Malik, M. H. Plawecki, S. O'Connor, V. A. Ramchandani, B. Le Foil, C. S. Hendershot
ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2018)
Meeting Abstract
Substance Abuse
M. H. Plawecki, M. Cyders, V. Vitvitskiy, J. D. Haines, J. Hays, S. Velamakanni, A. Kosobud, L. Wetherill, D. Kareken, S. J. O'Connor
ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2018)
