Review
Cell Biology
Carly DeAntoneo, Pranav Danthi, Siddharth Balachandran
Summary: Mammalian orthoreoviruses (ReoV) are non-pathogenic viruses, but can cause mild gastroenteritis and inflammatory conditions in young children. The ReoV strain Type 3 Dearing (T3D) is being tested as an oncolytic agent, as it can infect tumor cells and activate different cell death pathways, including apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. ReoV-induced necroptosis, a highly inflammatory form of cell death, may contribute to oncolysis by promoting necrotic lysis of infected cells and provoking beneficial anti-tumor immune responses in the tumor microenvironment.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Darshini Kuruppu, Deepak Bhere, Christian T. Farrar, Khalid Shah, Anna-Liisa Brownell, Umar Mahmood Umar Mahmood, Kenneth K. Tanabe
Summary: This study investigates the therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) on different stages of breast cancer leptomeningeal metastases growth. The results show that targeting the lag and intermediate phases of the disease can inhibit tumor growth, delay symptoms onset, and extend survival.
CANCER GENE THERAPY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shyambabu Chaurasiya, Yuman Fong, Susanne G. Warner
Summary: Oncolytic viruses are a new class of therapeutics that have shown promise in clinical trials, although their anti-tumor efficacy as monotherapy is modest. Most oncolytic viruses are well tolerated, even in immune-suppressed patients, at the currently defined highest feasible doses. Enhancing the potency of oncolytic viruses is necessary for more viruses to be used effectively in clinical settings, thus they are being studied in combination with other therapies for higher therapeutic benefits.
News Item
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paul Webster
Summary: Cancer immunotherapy has generated significant excitement, but the potential lies in antibody-drug conjugates, proteolysis-targeting chimeras, and liquid biopsy for early detection.
Review
Immunology
Lucillia Bezu, Oliver Kepp, Guido Kroemer
Summary: Intratumoral injection of oncolytic agents or local administration of non-viral oncolytic therapies can activate an anticancer immune response, while local anesthetics injected into malignant lesions also possess antineoplastic effects. Combining local anesthetics with immune checkpoint inhibition can significantly improve overall survival. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the combination therapy's efficacy are summarized.
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Pedro Novais, Patricia M. A. Silva, Isabel Amorim, Hassan Bousbaa
Summary: Mitosis is a promising target for inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, with traditional antimitotics facing limitations such as resistance and toxicity. Second-generation antimitotics, targeting mitotic and SAC components, have attracted interest for overcoming these limitations. While many inhibitors have entered clinical trials, their efficacy as monotherapy is limited, leading to emerging interest in combination therapies.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Connie M. Ulrich, Kathleen Knafl, Anessa M. Foxwell, Qiuping Zhou, Cynthia Paidipati, Deborah Tiller, Sarah J. Ratcliffe, Gwenyth R. Wallen, Therese S. Richmond, Mary Naylor, Thomas F. Gordon, Christine Grady, Victoria Miller
Summary: Patient-participants who withdrew from cancer clinical trials described intense symptoms and emotions, as well as a sense of limited options and short life span awareness. Communication focusing on posttrial needs is crucial throughout the trial to help patients navigate posttrial steps effectively. Research should target responsible and ethical transitions post clinical trial, including timing and types of discussions and who should initiate these discussions with patients and their families.
News Item
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sofia Moutinho
Summary: Risk-based screening approaches can decrease excessive detection, while self-testing and new diagnostics can detect diseases at an early stage.
Review
Oncology
Mary E. Carter, Andre Koch, Ulrich M. Lauer, Andreas D. Hartkopf
Summary: Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer globally, with oncolytic viruses showing promise as a new treatment approach. Several types of oncolytic viruses have been studied in clinical trials, demonstrating clinical activity in patients with different advanced tumors including breast cancer. Further research is needed to explore optimal treatment strategies for breast cancer using oncolytic viruses.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Olga Kantor, Cecilia Chang, Katharine Yao, Judy Boughey, Christina Roland, Amanda B. Francescatti, Sarah Blair, Diana Dickson Witmer, Kelly K. Hunt, Heidi Nelson, Anna Weiss, Tawakalitu Oseni
Summary: The study aimed to examine the uptake of clinical trials that have changed axillary management in breast cancer patients at minority-serving hospitals (MSH) and non-MSH cancer centers. Results show that, despite adjusting for social determinants of health, there was no significant difference in the uptake of three landmark clinical trials of axillary management in breast cancer between MSH and non-MSH centers.
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Jeeshan Jiffry, Thongthai Thavornwatanayong, Devika Rao, Elisha J. Fogel, Durvanand Saytoo, Rishika Nahata, Hillary Guzik, Imran Chaudhary, Titto Augustine, Sanjay Goel, Radhashree Maitra
Summary: The study revealed that Pelareorep can enhance its propagation and oncolytic effect in colorectal cancer cells by regulating autophagy-related genes and proteins.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yundong He, Weidong Xu, Yu-Tian Xiao, Haojie Huang, Di Gu, Shancheng Ren
Summary: This review summarizes the targeted agents and their mechanisms for treating prostate cancer (PCa), as well as discusses their limitations and future directions.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Edoardo Crimini, Matteo Repetto, Philippe Aftimos, Andrea Botticelli, Paolo Marchetti, Giuseppe Curigliano
Summary: This review presents the most important molecular targets in breast cancer, classified according to their pathway and in accordance with ESCAT, assisting clinicians in making therapeutic decisions.
CANCER TREATMENT REVIEWS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bob T. Li, Bobby Daly, Mary Gospodarowicz, Monica M. Bertagnolli, Otis W. Brawley, Bruce A. Chabner, Lola Fashoyin-Aje, R. Angelo de Claro, Elizabeth Franklin, Jennifer Mills, Jeff Legos, Karen Kaucic, Mark Li, Lydia The, Tina Hou, Ting-Hui Wu, Bjorn Albrecht, Yi Shao, Justin Finnegan, Jing Qian, Javad Shahidi, Eduard Gasal, Craig Tendler, Geoffrey Kim, James Yan, Phuong Khanh Morrow, Charles S. Fuchs, Lianshan Zhang, Robert LaCaze, Stefan Oelrich, Martin J. Murphy, Richard Pazdur, Kevin Rudd, Yi-Long Wu
Summary: The Bloomberg New Economy International Cancer Coalition is an organization that brings together academia, industry, government, patient advocacy, and policy think tanks to leverage technology and collaboration. Their goal is to improve patient access to clinical trials and harmonize regulations, aiming to accelerate cancer cures and prevention worldwide in the post-pandemic era.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Nozomi Kurisu, Tadataka Kaminade, Maho Eguchi, Ikuho Ishigami, Hiroyuki Mizuguchi, Fuminori Sakurai
Summary: This study demonstrated that oncolytic reovirus exhibited cytotoxicity against mouse primary CAFs isolated from subcutaneous tumors, but not against tail-tip fibroblasts. Infection with reovirus resulted in activation of caspase 3 and up-regulation of apoptosis-related gene expression in mouse primary CAFs, indicating that reovirus induced apoptosis of CAFs. Intratumoral administration of reovirus induced apoptosis of mouse CAFs in tumor, suggesting that reovirus has the potential to mediate antitumor effects by killing not only cancer cells but also CAFs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2021)