Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Marco Antonio Peliky Fontes, Fernanda Ribeiro Marins, Tapan A. Patel, Cristiane Amorim de Paula, Liliane Ramos dos Santos Machado, Erick Bryan de Sousa Lima, Ana Caroline Ventris-Godoy, Ana Clara Rocha Viana, Isadora Cristina Souza Linhares, Carlos Henrique Xavier, Jessica A. Filosa, Kaushik P. Patel
Summary: The neurogenic background for emotional stress-induced hypertension is discussed, focusing on findings from studies in humans and animals. Increased baseline sympathetic activity caused by emotional stressors can lead to cardiovascular events. Altered neuronal firing rate in central pathways controlling sympathetic activity, along with neuroglial and oxidative mechanisms, may contribute to enhanced sympathetic outflow.
CURRENT HYPERTENSION REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Jing-Jing Zhou, Jian-Ying Shao, Shao-Rui Chen, De-Pei Li, Hui-Lin Pan
Summary: The study reveals that chronic stress-induced persistent hypertension is mediated by enhanced sympathetic outflow via alpha 2 delta-1-bound NMDARs in the paraventricular nucleus. This provides a cellular and molecular basis for understanding how genetic and environmental factors interact to cause persistent hypertension.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Richard Nii Lante Lamptey, Chengwen Sun, Jagdish Singh
Summary: Functionalized liposomes can safely deliver losartan potassium to the brain, blocking angiotensin receptor type 1 activity and preventing the occurrence of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2023)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Juan Francisco Idiaquez, Juan Idiaquez, Juan Carlos Casar, Italo Biaggioni
Summary: Maintenance of upright blood pressure is essential for the autonomic nervous system, and its failure can lead to neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (NOH), often seen in neurodegenerative disorders. Treatment focuses on improving quality of life and reducing symptoms, with conservative measures like diet and compression garments recommended before pharmacologic therapies. Careful consideration of individual patient characteristics is crucial for effective treatment in NOH.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
(2021)
Review
Pathology
Yusang Dai, Zheng Shen, Lusine G. Khachatryan, Diana E. Vadiyan, Sajad Karampoor, Rasoul Mirzaei
Summary: Neurogenic hypertension is a complex cardiovascular disorder influenced by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Recent research has highlighted the role of the gut microbiome in hypertension pathogenesis and the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system. The microbiome's impact on physiological functions, such as cardiovascular health, and its association with inflammatory responses have been explored. Probiotic supplementation has shown potential in reducing chronic inflammation and hypertension associated with dysbiosis in the gut microbiota.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Q. Xing, X. Zhao, L. Xie, Y. Wang, Y. Xie
Summary: This article discusses the types, clinical characteristics, mechanisms, and nonpharmacologic management measures for blood pressure abnormalities in Parkinson's disease (PD). By promoting early diagnosis, recognizing symptoms of abnormal blood pressure, and employing non-pharmacologic interventions, patients' symptoms and quality of life can be improved.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Prakash G. Kulkarni, Amul Sakharkar, Tanushree Banerjee
Summary: The third and fourth waves of the COVID-19 pandemic are causing chaos globally, despite vaccination programs. Comorbidities increase the severity of COVID-19, leading to higher mortality rates. ACE2 in host cells mediates SARS-CoV-2 infection, triggering inflammatory responses and mortality risks.
HYPERTENSION RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Jin-Woo Park, Luis E. Okamoto, Italo Biaggioni
Summary: The article discusses the controversy surrounding treating supine hypertension in patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension, highlighting the complexity introduced by the presence of sHTN in managing OH. Recent research indicates that new approaches can improve OH without exacerbating sHTN, thus increasing the possibility of treating sHTN.
CURRENT HYPERTENSION REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Richard Nii Lante Lamptey, Chengwen Sun, Buddhadev Layek, Jagdish Singh
Summary: Hypertension is a global health concern, and neurogenic hypertension (NH) accounts for almost half of all hypertension cases. The increased sympathetic nervous system activity mediated by angiotensin II in the brain is known to be the main cause of NH. However, traditional antihypertensive drugs lack the ability to effectively penetrate the blood-brain barrier, making it challenging to manage NH. Therefore, developing strategies for targeted delivery of antihypertensives to the brain is crucial.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Richard L. Spinieli, Jennifer Cornelius-Green, Kevin J. Cummings
Summary: This study found that hypertension is observed in female TPH2(-/-) rats with 5-HT deficiency when sex hormones are controlled, and the effect is most evident during the transition to REM sleep. Moreover, the data strongly suggest that increased sympathetic vascular tone contributes to the hypertension in this 5-HT-deficient model of neurogenic hypertension.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Biomedical
Zhen Zhang, Zhichao Hao, Caihong Xian, Yifen Fang, Bin Cheng, Jun Wu, Juan Xia
Summary: Neurotization in tissue-engineered bone is considered a promising strategy for vascularization and innervation regeneration. This review summarizes the mechanisms of how the nervous system regulates bone metabolism and regeneration and discusses the progress and design strategies of neuralized tissue-engineered bone.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2022)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Fahd S. Amjad, Sean C. Beinart
Summary: Collaborative care between cardiologists and neurologists is an efficient method to improve outcomes for patients with nOH. This care model allows specialist providers to leverage their areas of expertise to manage the wide spectrum of clinical features associated with nOH, leading to reduced patient morbidity, optimal relief of nOH symptoms, improvements in activities of daily living and quality of life, and decreased caregiver burden.
NEUROLOGY AND THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ryo Kanematsu, Junya Hanakita, Toshiyuki Takahashi, Manabu Minami, Tomoo Inoue, Kazuhiro Miyasaka, Hiroya Shimauchi-Ohtaki, Manabu Ueno, Fumiaki Honda
Summary: The study investigated the preoperative prevalence of NBD and NB in patients with cauda equina syndrome, as well as the degree and timing of improvement postoperatively within 1 year. Results showed that symptoms improved in 30%-50% of patients after decompression surgery, with initial improvements observed at 1 month postoperatively and lasting up to 1 year.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Joanna Baginska, Agata Korzeniecka-Kozerska
Summary: This study found that elevated levels of uNGAL may be considered a biomarker of tubular injury in children with neurogenic bladder due to MMC in contrast to uKIM-1.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Sarah Peisl, Oliver Burckhardt, Bernhard Egger
Summary: Neurogenic appendicopathy (NA) is a poorly understood disease often causing recurrent and longer lasting abdominal pain, with an estimated incidence of 10.4% among appendectomies performed in patients with suspected acute appendicitis (AA). The disease is defined by the presence of specific clinical and histopathological criteria, and laparoscopic appendectomy has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment option. Patients with NA may experience years of symptoms before a proper diagnosis is made, highlighting the need for increased awareness and understanding of this condition.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COLORECTAL DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Erin L. O'Callaghan, Renata M. Lataro, Eva L. Roloff, Ashok S. Chauhan, Helio C. Salgado, Edward Duncan, Alain Nogaret, Julian F. R. Paton
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2020)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Julian F. R. Paton
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Ryan L. Hoiland, Hannah G. Caldwell, Connor A. Howe, Daniela Nowak-Fluck, Benjamin S. Stacey, Damian M. Bailey, Julian F. R. Paton, Daniel J. Green, Mypinder S. Sekhon, David B. Macleod, Philip N. Ainslie
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Piotr Niewinski, Stanislaw Tubek, Julian F. R. Paton, Waldemar Banasiak, Piotr Ponikowski
Summary: Bilateral carotid body resection (bCBR) eliminates hypoxic ventilatory response in congestive heart failure patients, resulting in lower blood oxygen saturation. However, the ventilatory response to hypercapnia is preserved, sufficient to maintain adequate oxygen saturation levels.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Davi J. A. Moraes, Melina P. da Silva, Daniel P. de Souza, Viviane Felintro, Julian F. R. Paton
Summary: In hypertension, the carotid body chemoreceptors are hyperactive and contribute to bronchoconstriction. Denervation of the carotid body can reduce bronchoconstrictor tone, while stimulation of the carotid body enhances chemoreflex-induced bronchoconstriction. These findings suggest that the carotid body plays a significant role in modulating bronchoconstriction in hypertensive individuals.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Karolyne S. Magalhaes, Melina P. da Silva, Andre S. Mecawi, Julian F. R. Paton, Benedito H. Machado, Davi J. A. Moraes
Summary: In this study, we investigated the electrophysiological properties and synaptic mechanisms of pF(L) expiratory neurones in juvenile rats. GABAergic and glycinergic inhibition in normocapnia suppressed the activity of glutamatergic pF(L) expiratory neurones, while in hypercapnia, these neurones generated burst discharges at the end of expiration by escaping glycinergic inhibition. Post-synaptic disinhibition and intrinsic electrophysiological properties of glutamatergic neurones played important roles in generating expiratory oscillations in the pF(L) region during hypercapnia in rats.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Christopher Bancroft Wolff, David W. Green, Julian F. R. Paton, David J. Collier
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Charlotte Chen, John Kolbe, Margaret L. Wilsher, Sally De Boer, Julian F. R. Paton, James P. Fisher
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of metaboreflex on breathing and dyspnoea in fibrosing interstitial lung disease (FILD). The results showed that activation of metaboreflex did not result in increased respiratory response and dyspnoea ratings in FILD patients. However, the hemodynamic responses after handgrip exercise were attenuated in FILD compared to controls.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Julian F. R. Paton, Benedito H. Machado, Davi J. A. Moraes, Daniel B. Zoccal, Ana P. Abdala, Jeffrey C. Smith, Vagner R. Antunes, David Murphy, Mathias Dutschmann, Rishi R. Dhingra, Robin McAllen, Anthony E. Pickering, Richard J. A. Wilson, Trevor A. Day, Nicole O. Barioni, Andrew M. Allen, Clement Menuet, Joseph Donnelly, Igor Felippe, Walter M. St-John
Summary: This review article discusses the progress and potential future applications of the working heart-brainstem preparation (WHBP) in cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, autonomic and respiratory research. The WHBP is a novel in situ experimental model that provides unprecedented access and stability for studying physiological mechanisms. It has revealed new insights into various mechanisms related to respiratory rhythms, sympathetic activity, coupling between respiration and the heart, control mechanisms in the hypothalamus and spinal cord, and chemoreceptor mechanisms. These findings have been validated in vivo and have translated to humans. The article also discusses potential future applications of the WHBP, such as two-photon imaging and pharmacogenetic tools, for improving our understanding and treatment of cardiorespiratory diseases.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ana Luiza C. Sayegh, Jui-Lin Fan, Lauro C. Vianna, Mathew Dawes, Julian F. R. Paton, James P. Fisher
Summary: This study compared the cardiorespiratory and sympathetic neurocirculatory responses to chemoreflex activation between healthy men and women. The results showed that young women displayed augmented sympathetic responses and attenuated respiratory responses during central chemoreflex activation.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Liam P. Argent, Aabharika Bose, Julian F. R. Paton
Summary: The classic peripheral chemoreflex response is a critical homeostatic mechanism. Aberrant chronic activation of the carotid body can lead to cardio-respiratory diseases, and understanding how to modulate carotid body output without removing it is crucial for developing effective clinical interventions.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW ZEALAND
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Melina P. da Silva, Pedro F. Spiller, Julian F. R. Paton, Davi J. A. Moraes
Summary: Activation of peripheral chemoreceptors increases sympathetic activity during expiration by exciting expiratory neurons antecedent to C1 pre-sympathetic neurons. However, activation of inspiratory neurons does not trigger an increase in sympathetic activity.
Article
Neurosciences
Ana Luiza C. Sayegh, Jui-Lin Fan, Mathew Dawes, Julian F. R. Paton, James P. Fisher
Summary: The study found that central respiratory and sympathetic chemoreflex sensitivities are increased in hypertensive patients, suggesting that these reflexes may play a role in the development of hypertension.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Igor S. A. Felippe, Rodrigo Del Rio, Harold Schultz, Benedito H. Machado, Julian F. R. Paton
Summary: Carotid body pathophysiology is associated with various diseases and understanding its mechanisms can inform potential treatment strategies.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Cameron Apeldoorn, Soroush Safaei, Julian Paton, Gonzalo D. Maso Talou
Summary: This review provides an introduction to the biological understanding of vascular adaptation processes and the computational modeling of these processes. Computational modeling enables repeatable experimentation and exploration of complex biological processes. With advancements in computing power and research, these models become more accurate and complete. The review also highlights the importance of these models in physiological, pathological, and technological applications, and identifies underexplored aspects in the current state-of-the-art computational models.
WIRES MECHANISMS OF DISEASE
(2023)
