Article
Physiology
James L. Nuzzo, David S. Kennedy, Harrison T. Finn, Janet L. Taylor
Summary: The contemporary procedure for assessing voluntary activation of the knee extensor muscles with TMS is invalid, but a modified procedure may improve validity in select individuals meeting rigorous eligibility criteria.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Olivier Girard, Martin Buchheit, Stuart Goodall, Sebastien Racinais
Summary: Exercise capacity decreases with increasing severity of hypoxia during exhaustive intermittent cycling, but neuromuscular fatigue characteristics do not differ significantly at task failure, and cardiovascular solicitation approaches maximal values in all conditions.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Tingting Zhang, Bingqi Guo, Zhentao Zuo, Xiaojing Long, Shimin Hu, Siran Li, Xin Su, Yuping Wang, Chunyan Liu
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the modulatory effects of transcranial focus ultrasound stimulation (tFUS) on human motor cortex excitability and explore the mechanism of neurotransmitter-related intracortical circuitry and plasticity. The results showed that tFUS can significantly increase M1 excitability, decrease intracortical inhibition, and change the concentration of GABA and Glx in the brain. These findings provide new insights into how tFUS can modulate cortical excitability and plasticity.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Review
Anatomy & Morphology
Melissa Kirkovski, Peter H. Donaldson, Michael Do, Bridgette E. Speranza, Natalia Albein-Urios, Lindsay M. Oberman, Peter G. Enticott
Summary: This systematic literature review investigated the neurobiological effects of Theta burst stimulation (TBS) using resting-state and task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) outcomes in healthy human adults. The study found that functional connectivity generally decreased in response to continuous TBS and increased in response to intermittent TBS in various brain regions. However, task-related outcomes were more variable, especially when TBS was applied to the prefrontal cortex. Individual participant and methodological factors contribute to the variability in TBS responses.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Cassio Ruas, Christopher Latella, Janet L. Taylor, G. Gregory Haff, Kazunori Nosaka
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether the changes in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) strength 1 to 3 days after unaccustomed eccentric exercise (ECC) were correlated with changes in central and peripheral neuromuscular parameters immediately post-ECC. The results indicated that the changes in rate of force development (RFD) and motor-evoked potentials (MEP)/maximal M-wave (M-MAX) immediately post-ECC were associated with the magnitude of decrease in MVIC strength at 1 to 3 days post-ECC. However, these markers were not sensitive for the practical detection of muscle damage based on individual data.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Leandro Ryuchi Iuamoto, Fabio Luis Kenji Ito, Thales Augusto Tome, Wu Tu Hsing, Alberto Meyer, Marta Imamura, Linamara Rizzo Battistella
Summary: This study contributes to a better understanding of the neurophysiological changes associated with knee osteoarthritis by observing neuroplasticity. These findings may aid in the early diagnosis of knee OA in the future. However, further research is still needed.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jaime Caballero-Insaurriaga, Jose A. Pineda-Pardo, Ignacio Obeso, Antonio Oliviero, Guglielmo Foffani
Summary: This study combined transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS) with resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) to investigate corticostriatal activity and found that tSMS can noninvasively modulate corticostriatal activity in humans. The results showed that the supplementary motor area (SMA) is the main region with functional connectivity to the striatum, and tSMS can modulate local activity in the SMA, adjacent sensorimotor cortex, and motor striatum. The findings also indicated that the tSMS-induced modulation of striatal activity can be primarily explained by a change in the shared activity between the modulated motor cortical areas and the motor striatum. These results suggest that corticostriatal activity can be targeted, monitored, and modulated noninvasively in humans.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Khaled Nasr, David Haslacher, Eran Dayan, Nitzan Censor, Leonardo G. Cohen, Surjo R. Soekadar
Summary: The article provides a comprehensive review of the current state of interacting with human brain activity, highlighting limitations and recent efforts to overcome them. Despite advancements in noninvasive methods, there are still limitations in spatial specificity and understanding of neural mechanisms. The article also introduces new methods for interacting with brain activity, such as task-irrelevant sensory stimulation and focal ultrasound stimulation. Finally, it argues for a paradigm shift towards adaptive closed-loop stimulation to advance human neuroscience.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Wenwen Yu, Yiwei Li, Xueying Cao, Licheng Mo, Yuming Chen, Dandan Zhang
Summary: This study used high-frequency and low-frequency rTMS to separately activate or inhibit the rVLPFC and found a causal relationship between rVLPFC and voluntary emotion regulation of social pain. The results showed that the inhibitory group reported more negative emotions and larger pupil diameter, while the activated group showed less negative emotions and reduced pupil diameter during emotion regulation. Additionally, the activated group gave more positive social evaluation and donated more money. These findings reveal that the rVLPFC plays a causal role in voluntary emotion regulation of social pain and can be a potential brain target in treating deficits of emotion regulation in psychiatric disorders.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Majid Memarian Sorkhabi, Karen Wendt, Marcus T. Wilson, Timothy Denison
Summary: By utilizing a Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) type model, this study accurately predicted and validated motor threshold values, showing a strong correlation between stimulus shape and activation kinetics. The proposed method using conductance-based neuronal models can reliably predict motor threshold size and potentially improve treatment procedures by reducing the number of magnetic stimuli delivered to participants.
COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Ines R. Violante, Ketevan Alania, Antonino M. Cassara, Esra Neufeld, Emma Acerbo, Romain Carron, Adam Williamson, Danielle L. Kurtin, Edward Rhodes, Adam Hampshire, Niels Kuster, Edward S. Boyden, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Nir Grossman
Summary: This study validates the concept of non-invasive deep brain stimulation (DBS) in humans. Through electric field modeling and measurements, it is shown that DBS can be focused on the hippocampus with minimal exposure to the overlying cortex. Functional magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral experiments demonstrate that DBS can modulate hippocampal activity and enhance episodic memory in healthy individuals.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Mikio Shoji, Ryoichi Ema, Kazunori Nosaka, Akihiro Kanda, Kosuke Hirata, Ryota Akagi
Summary: This study found that the recovery rate of MVIC torque predicted changes in neuromuscular function following eccentric exercise of the knee extensors, but was not correlated with muscle soreness and stiffness changes.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Giorgio Varesco, Eric Luneau, Leonard Feasson, Thomas Lapole, Vianney Rozand
Summary: The study aimed to investigate age-related differences in fatigability during an isometric quadriceps intermittent fatiguing test. Older adults performed more relative contractions but had lower absolute force compared to young adults, with similar alterations in contractile function with age. Fatigue resistance was not maintained in very old adults, likely due to impairments in contractile function for all age groups.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Shane M. Fresnoza, Giorgi Batsikadze, Lynn Elena Mueller, Constanze Rost, Michael Chamoun, Walter Paulus, Min-Fang Kuo, Michael A. Nitsche
Summary: Dopamine plays a crucial role in neuroplasticity and has dosage-dependent effects on motor cortex plasticity. Different dosages of dopamine precursor such as L-DOPA can either impair, abolish, preserve, or reverse plasticity in healthy individuals. Similarly, selective D1-like and D2-like receptor activation has excitatory and inhibitory effects on plasticity. However, the effects of nonselective dopamine agonists like apomorphine on plasticity have not been extensively explored in humans.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Jin Magara, Wakana Onuki, Reiko Ita, Takanori Tsujimura, Makoto Inoue
Summary: The study found that chewing movements suppress swallowing-related activity in the pharyngeal motor circuit.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Olivier Girard, Martin Buchheit, Stuart Goodall, Sebastien Racinais
Summary: Exercise capacity decreases with increasing severity of hypoxia during exhaustive intermittent cycling, but neuromuscular fatigue characteristics do not differ significantly at task failure, and cardiovascular solicitation approaches maximal values in all conditions.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Gavin Cowper, Martin Barwood, Stuart Goodall
Summary: The study demonstrates that wearing a heated jacket after rowing warm-up can improve rowing performance in a cool environment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2021)
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Paula M. Ellison, Stuart Goodall, Niamh Kennedy, Helen Dawes, Allan Clark, Valerie Pomeroy, Martin Duddy, Mark R. Baker, John M. Saxton
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the neurobiology of fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis, finding that fatigue in MS is characterized by greater cortico-subcortical grey matter atrophy and neural lesions, accompanied by neurophysiological decrements such as reduced strength and voluntary activation.
NEUROPSYCHOLOGY REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Rehabilitation
Alessandro M. Zagatto, Gabriel M. Claus, Yago M. Dutra, Rodrigo A. de Poli, Vithor H. F. Lopes, Stuart Goodall, Irineu Loturco, Daniel Boullosa
Summary: This study compared the effects of drop jumps and heavy sled towing on post-activation performance enhancement and repeated sprint ability. The results showed that drop jumps improved the sprint performance, while heavy sled towing had no effect. Both conditioning activities resulted in similar levels of fatigue following the sprints.
BMC SPORTS SCIENCE MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Nasir Uddin, Jamie Tallent, Stephen D. Patterson, Stuart Goodall, Mark Waldron
Summary: Heat-induced hypo-hydration impairs neuromuscular function, particularly during repeated and sustained contractions. The mechanisms of these effects are separate from those of hyperthermia-induced fatigue and are likely due to modulations in corticospinal inhibition, increased fiber conduction velocity, pain perception, and impaired contractile function.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Emily James, Paul Oman, Michael Ali, Paul Court, Stuart Goodall, Simon J. Nichols, Alasdair F. O'Doherty
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a six-year community-delivered "Staying Steady" programme on older adults. The results showed that completing the programme can improve physical function in older adults, increase confidence, and reduce the fear of falling.
Review
Physiology
Elliott Atkinson, Jakob Skarabot, Paul Ansdell, Stuart Goodall, Glyn Howatson, Kevin Thomas
Summary: Resistance training increases muscle strength through adaptations in the central nervous system, but the specific neural substrate responsible for these adaptations is still largely unknown. This review discusses the potential role of the reticulospinal tract in mediating adaptation to resistance training, based on animal and human studies. The review also explores possible methods to assess the reticulospinal tract in humans.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Ciaran Deely, Jamie Tallent, Ross Bennett, Alex Woodhead, Stuart Goodall, Kevin Thomas, Glyn Howatson
Summary: The aim of this study was to profile the etiology and recovery time-course of neuromuscular function in professional academy soccer players. The researchers found that strenuous training led to a decrease in muscle strength and contractile function, but did not significantly affect mood, perceptual measures, or cognitive function.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Rehabilitation
Liam T. Pearson, David G. Behm, Stuart Goodall, Rachel Mason, Samuel Stuart, Gill Barry
Summary: This systematic review investigates the effects of different methods of resistance training on functional capacity in older adults. The findings suggest that maximal-intent resistance training improves timed-up-and-go and knee extension one-repetition maximum, while submaximal-intent resistance training is beneficial for 30s sit-to-stand. However, there is no clear statistical significance for the combined functional capacity and strength outcomes. The study also highlights the substantial clinically meaningful improvements brought by maximal-intent resistance training in Short Physical Performance Battery scores.
BMC SPORTS SCIENCE MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
(2022)
Review
Rehabilitation
Gavin Cowper, Stuart Goodall, Kirsty Hicks, Louise Burnie, Marc Briggs
Summary: A warm-up routine is crucial for task readiness, with active warm-up being an effective way to increase muscle and core temperature. Transition periods between warm-up and exercise can lead to a decline in temperature, affecting performance. Passive heating strategies during transition periods have shown to improve peak power output, but further research is needed to determine the optimal passive warm-up procedure.
BMC SPORTS SCIENCE MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Camilla R. Illidi, Lee M. Romer
Summary: The study found that the diaphragm generated higher passive pressure but moved less during incremental cycle ergometry compared to progressive hypercapnia at equivalent levels of ventilation. This suggests that the power output of the diaphragm during stabilising tasks involving the lower limbs may be preserved via coordinated changes in contractile shortening.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Daniel M. Over, Nicola Arjomandkhah, Jordan D. Beaumont, Stuart Goodall, Martin J. Barwood
Summary: The study found that menthol applied topically to the skin improves perception and increases force generation. Nine trained male subjects were tested after spraying menthol on their legs during different weightlifting tasks. The results showed an improved performance in the isometric and dynamic lifting tasks after the application of menthol.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Emily James, Stuart Goodall, Simon Nichols, Karen Walker, Sean Carroll, Alasdair F. O'Doherty, Lee Ingle
Summary: This study aimed to assess circulatory biomarkers related to mechanisms of low muscle mass in people with coronary heart disease. The findings showed that low circulating concentrations of transthyretin, ALT, and AST were associated with low muscle mass in this population. These biomarkers might indicate the contribution of poor nutrition and inflammation to low muscle mass in people with coronary heart disease.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Emily James, Tom Butler, Simon Nichols, Stuart Goodall, Alasdair F. O'Doherty
Summary: This study investigated the provision of dietary education in cardiac rehabilitation centers in the UK. The findings showed that nurses and dietitians were the primary providers of dietary education, and most services used credible resources to support their education. However, a significant proportion of practitioners did not have nutrition-related qualifications. The cardiac rehabilitation programs were mostly community-based, lasting 8 weeks, and included two diet sessions. The services primarily focused on the Mediterranean diet, with less attention given to topics such as malnutrition and protein intake.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Editorial Material
Sport Sciences
Justin W. Andrushko, Joshua C. Carr, Jonathan P. Farthing, Lindsey K. Lepley, Jason M. Defreitas, Stuart Goodall, Ashlee M. Hendy, Glyn Howatson, Dustin R. Grooms, Tjerk Zult, Tibor Hortobagyi, Gulcan Harput, Maria Papandreou, Kazunori Nosaka, Richard G. Carson, Andrea Manca, Franca Deriu, David George Behm, Dawson J. Kidgell, Nicholas C. Clark, Lara A. Boyd
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)