Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Julia Mehlhorn, Nelson Niski, Ke Liu, Svenja Caspers, Katrin Amunts, Christina Herold
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive and in-depth qualitative and quantitative analysis of different stages of adult neurogenesis in the brain of adult homing pigeons, revealing an uneven distribution of adult newborn neurons and glia, with the highest numbers found in the intercalated hyperpallium and the hippocampal formation.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tong Zheng, Donna F. Bielinski, Derek R. Fisher, Jianyi Zhang, Barbara Shukitt-Hale
Summary: Blueberry extract has a positive effect on the viability and proliferation rates of adult hippocampal progenitor cells, potentially reversing decreases caused by dopamine, possibly due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and calcium-buffering properties.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zarmeen Mussa, Jessica Tome-Garcia, Yan Jiang, Schahram Akbarian, Nadejda M. Tsankova
Summary: The complexity of human astrocytes in primary tissue requires improved tools for their isolation and molecular characterization. A new immunotagging strategy has been developed to isolate enriched nuclei populations from fresh-frozen human cortex for transcriptome and chromatin sequencing. This protocol is suitable for various human cortical specimens with different pathologies and recommends tissue collection within 24 hours postmortem.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mikhail Semenov
Summary: The study focused on cell proliferation in the postnatal mouse brain, identifying four compartments with different densities of proliferating cells. It estimated the number of new cells produced in each compartment and concluded that adult neurogenesis only supports compensatory regeneration.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nityanand Jain, Marks Smirnovs, Samanta Strojeva, Modra Murovska, Sandra Skuja
Summary: Chronic alcoholism and HHV-6 infection have been shown to promote neuroinflammation, especially in the Substantia Nigra (SN) region, resulting in significant changes in microglial functions and morphology. Alcoholics exhibit more inflammatory microglial changes and an increase in Iba1 expression, while HHV-6 infection exacerbates these effects. This highlights the compounding relationship between alcoholism and HHV-6 infection in promoting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.
Article
Neurosciences
Yagmur Azbazdar, Yusuf Kaan Poyraz, Ozgun Ozalp, Dilek Nazli, Dogac Ipekgil, Gokhan Cucun, Gunes Ozhan
Summary: High-fat diet consumption leads to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and also causes damage to the brain, resulting in inflammation and cell apoptosis. Long-term consumption of high-fat diet also leads to increased anxiety, aggressiveness, and locomotor activity. Researchers suggest that the regenerative response in the brain can be utilized to combat obesity and recover from non-traumatic injuries.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuki Shimizu, Takashi Kawasaki
Summary: In this study, a brain injury model was developed and used to compare the regenerative capacity of zebrafish and medaka, with zebrafish showing a higher ability for central nervous system regeneration. The results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating tissue regeneration and offer a method for comparing regenerative capacities in small teleosts.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Natalie N. Nawarawong, K. Ryan Thompson, Steven P. Guerin, Chinchusha Anasooya Shaji, Hui Peng, Kimberly Nixon
Summary: Recent studies suggest that females may be more susceptible to alcohol-induced brain damage, and during abstinence from alcohol dependence, adult female rats also exhibit similar reactive increases in hippocampal neurogenesis. These data suggest that reactive, adult neurogenesis may be a means of recovery for the hippocampus after alcohol dependence in females.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lena-Louise Schuele, Britta Schuermann, Andras Bilkei-Gorzo, Sara Gorgzadeh, Andreas Zimmer, Este Leidmaa
Summary: The endocannabinoid system plays a role in modulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis by influencing the proliferation and survival of neural stem and progenitor cells. Through experiments on mice, it was found that the deletion of cannabinoid receptors or the enzyme responsible for producing endocannabinoids can disrupt adult neurogenesis. The specific cell types involved in producing endocannabinoids relevant to neurogenesis are still unknown. This study revealed that the deletion of the enzyme in neural stem and progenitor cells and astrocytes significantly impairs neurogenesis, while the deletion in neurons does not have the same effect.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wei-Song Xie, Kiran Shehzadi, Hong-Le Ma, Jian-Hua Liang
Summary: Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a multi-stage mechanism that continues throughout human and non-human mammals' lifespan, playing a significant role in various processes. Studies suggest that promoting adult hippocampal neurogenesis can restore impaired neurons. This review summarizes small molecules that can promote adult neurogenesis, especially those capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier and exhibiting efficacy in mammalian brains, which may contribute to the development of drugs for treating neurodegenerative disorders in the future.
CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
J. Terreros-Roncal, E. P. Moreno-Jimenez, M. Flor-Garcia, C. B. Rodriguez-Moreno, M. F. Trinchero, F. Cafini, A. Rabano, M. Llorens-Martin
Summary: Disrupted hippocampal performance is a major factor contributing to psychiatric comorbidities and cognitive impairments in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) plays a crucial role in several neurodegenerative diseases, with abnormalities found in adult-born dentate granule cells. Aging and diseases alter the neurogenic niche, reduce microglial phagocytic capacity, trigger astrogliosis, and change the microvasculature of the dentate gyrus, leading to enhanced vulnerability of AHN to neurodegeneration.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Andrey Kostin, Md Aftab Alam, Dennis McGinty, Md Noor Alam
Summary: Adult neurogenesis in the hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating functions such as sleep-wake cycles, but declines with aging, potentially contributing to sleep-wake disturbances. Stimulating endogenous neural stem cells in hypothalamic neurogenic niches may be a promising approach to mitigate hypothalamic dysfunctions in aging.
Article
Cell Biology
Ismael Hernandez-Nunez, Diego Robledo, Helene Mayeur, Sylvie Mazan, Laura Sanchez, Fatima Adrio, Anton Barreiro-Iglesias, Eva Candal
Summary: Neurogenesis is the process of generating new neurons by progenitor cells, which is restricted to specific neurogenic niches. The retina of cartilaginous fish such as catsharks shows active proliferation and neurogenesis in juveniles but a reduction in cell proliferation after sexual maturation. RNA-Seq analysis revealed a decrease in gene expression related to cell proliferation and neurogenesis in adult catsharks, providing valuable insight into signaling pathways controlling neurogenesis in vertebrate retinas.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Laura Blasco-Chamarro, Isabel Farinas
Summary: Quiescence is a crucial mechanism for preserving the potential for cell proliferation at a later time. The molecular mechanisms regulating cell quiescence are complex and involve various signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic modifications. Understanding the regulation of the quiescent state is important for maintaining tissue homeostasis and exploring therapeutic strategies for adult neurogenesis.
Article
Biology
Elia Benito-Gutierrez, Giacomo Gattoni, Manuel Stemmer, Silvia D. Rohr, Laura N. Schuhmacher, Jocelyn Tang, Aleksandra Marconi, Gaspar Jekely, Detlev Arendt
Summary: The study reveals overlapping expression of conserved transcription factors that specify the telencephalon in vertebrates in the chordate amphioxus. Specific co-expression is observed in the dorsal part of the anterior brain vesicle, referred to as Pars anterodorsalis (PAD). This suggests homology between the adult amphioxus brain vesicle PAD and the vertebrate telencephalon.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Caine C. Smith, Donna L. Sheedy, Holly P. McEwen, Anthony S. Don, Jillian J. Kril, Greg T. Sutherland
Summary: Chronic alcohol abuse results in selective changes to the neurolipidome, predominantly in the prefrontal and visual cortices, including broad decreases to phospholipids and ceramide, decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids, and selective decreases in cholesteryl ester fatty acid chains. These changes likely reflect both the direct effects on the brain and concurrent effects on the liver.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Patrick J. Paasila, Jason A. Aramideh, Greg T. Sutherland, Manuel B. Graeber
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is characterized by synaptic dysfunction, pathological protein deposits, and cellular dystrophy. Recent studies have shown that microglia play a direct role in synaptic changes. Variants of certain genes are important determinants of microglial activity and lipid metabolism. This review examines the relationship between abnormal lipid metabolism, microglial activation, and synaptic pathophysiology in Alzheimer's disease.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kosar Hooshmand, Glenda M. Halliday, Sandy S. Pineda, Greg T. Sutherland, Boris Guennewig
Summary: Genetic factors and pathological mechanisms play crucial roles in the early detection and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. This study discovered that there is little overlap between AD and PD, with AD mainly characterized by changes related to nervous system development in the brain, and PD involving abnormalities in exocytosis and genes related to the SNARE complex. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the specific pathomechanisms of these two diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Andrew N. McCorkindale, Ellis Patrick, James A. Duce, Boris Guennewig, Greg T. Sutherland
Summary: Dementia is a global disease with no effective treatments currently available. Previous studies have identified lactoferrin as the gene most predictive of amyloid accumulation and examined its potential mechanism in vitro and in cell-culture models. Another study found that tau pathology in the anterior cingulate cortex and the gene ADAMTS2, encoding a metallopeptidase, were the most associated with cognitive decline. These findings provide insights into the pathogenesis of dementia and identify potential therapeutic targets.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Ngee-Soon Lau, Mark Ly, Claude Dennis, Ken Liu, James Kench, Michael Crawford, Carlo Pulitano
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrew N. McCorkindale, Hamish D. Mundell, Boris Guennewig, Greg T. Sutherland
Summary: Research found that APOE4 carriers exhibit brain changes consistent with vascular dysfunction, and have a closer relationship with AD pathology, particularly amyloid deposition in posterior cortical regions. Further studies are needed to uncover non-APOE4-specific mechanisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shelley L. Forrest, Jordan Hanxi Kim, Daniel R. Crockford, Katharine Huynh, Rosie Cheong, Samantha Knott, Madison A. Kane, Lars M. Ittner, Glenda M. Halliday, Jillian J. Kril
Summary: This study maps the distribution and density of astrocytes in the human frontal cortex, revealing distinct and overlapping populations of astrocytes. The findings provide a reference map for comparative studies in various disease and injury states involving astrocytes.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Claude Dennis, David S. Prince, Leila Moayed-Alaei, Devika Remash, Emily Carr-Boyd, David G. Bowen, Simone I. Strasser, Michael Crawford, Carlo Pulitano, James Kench, Geoffrey W. McCaughan, Catriona McKenzie, Ken Liu
Summary: Vessels that encapsulate tumor clusters (VETC) is a vascular pattern seen on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) histology that has important prognostic value in HCC patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT). The number of VETC-positive tumors is an independent predictor of post-LT recurrence-free survival (RFS) and time to recurrence (TTR).
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Srestha Mazumder, Heather McCann, Susan D'Silva, Sarah Furlong, Claire E. Shepherd, Jillian J. Kril, Glenda M. Halliday, Dominic B. Rowe, Matthew C. Kiernan, Rachel H. Tan
Article
Substance Abuse
Claire Adams, Nina Perry, James Conigrave, Tristan Hurzeler, Julia Stevens, Kristiane Yacou P. Dunbar, Alicia Sweeney, Kylie Lee, Greg Sutherland, Paul Haber, Kirsten C. Morley
Summary: There is emerging evidence that heavy long-term alcohol consumption may alter the neuroimmune profile. This study conducted a meta-analysis to explore the association between alcohol use disorder (AUD) and the extent of neuroinflammation using cerebrospinal (CSF), PET (Positron Emission Tomography), and postmortem studies. The results suggest that alcohol impacts neuroimmune signaling in the human brain.
ALCOHOL-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Ellis Patrick, Nicolas P. Canete, Sourish S. Iyengar, Andrew N. Harman, Greg T. Sutherland, Pengyi Yang
Summary: Highly multiplexed in situ imaging cytometry assays enable simultaneous study of spatial organization of multiple cell types. We propose a statistical method that clusters local indicators of spatial association to quantify complex multi-cellular relationships. Our approach successfully identifies distinct tissue architectures in datasets from state-of-the-art high-parameter assays, demonstrating its value in summarizing information-rich data generated from these technologies.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yue Yang, Dominic Rowe, Heather McCann, Claire E. Shepherd, Jillian J. Kril, Matthew C. Kiernan, Glenda M. Halliday, Rachel H. Tan
Summary: This study compared the pathology of ALS patients who received CuATSM and riluzole with those who only received riluzole, and found no significant difference in neuron density or TDP-43 burden. However, CuATSM treatment led to the presence of p62-immunoreactive astrocytes in the motor cortex and reduced Iba1 density in the spinal cord. There was no significant difference in astrocytic activity and SOD1 immunoreactivity with CuATSM treatment.
NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ngee-Soon Lau, Mark Ly, Claude Dennis, Kasper Ewenson, Hayden Ly, Joanna L. Huang, Marti Cabanes-Creus, Sumon Chanda, Chuanmin Wang, Leszek Lisowski, Ken Liu, James Kench, Geoffrey McCaughan, Michael Crawford, Carlo Pulitano
Summary: Liver splitting during normothermic machine perfusion has the potential to revolutionize split liver transplantation. We developed a technique to reliably achieve two grafts from a single donor liver, allowing for semi-elective transplantation and sophisticated graft assessment prior to implant. This method successfully split 10 whole livers into 20 partial grafts, with a high rate of graft survival.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Logan Brase, Shih-Feng You, Ricardo D'Oliveira Albanus, Jorge L. Del-Aguila, Yaoyi Dai, Brenna C. Novotny, Carolina Soriano-Tarraga, Taitea Dykstra, Maria Victoria Fernandez, John P. Budde, Kristy Bergmann, John C. Morris, Randall J. Bateman, Richard J. Perrin, Eric McDade, Chengjie Xiong, Alison M. Goate, Martin Farlow, Greg T. Sutherland, Jonathan Kipnis, Celeste M. Karch, Bruno A. Benitez, Oscar Harari
Summary: By performing single-nucleus RNA-sequencing on AD genetic variant carriers, this study reveals the cell-specific effects of variants in genes related to the amyloid cascade, lipid metabolism, and neuroimmune modulation. The results show dysregulated pathways in specific cell types, such as autophagy-lysosomal pathway in TREM2 oligodendrocytes and complement cascade genes in MS4A microglia. Additionally, the study maps GWAS signals to effector cell types, including neurons in addition to microglia, providing insights into the transcriptional diversity resulting from AD genetic architecture and cellular heterogeneity.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Jun Yup Lee, Dylan J. Harney, Jonathan D. Teo, John B. Kwok, Greg T. Sutherland, Mark Larance, Anthony S. Don
Summary: This study aimed to determine how ageing and major genetic risk factors for dementia affect the hippocampal proteome and lipidome of neurologically-normal humans over the age of 65. The study found that brain ageing is associated with an increase in TMEM106B protein abundance. The specific genetic risk allele rs1990622-A leads to the formation of TMEM106B fibrils and affects brain lipid homeostasis.
MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Wenzhu Wang, Zihan Li, Yitong Yan, Shuo Wu, Xinyu Yao, Chen Gao, Lanxiang Liu, Yan Yu
Summary: This study investigated the reparative mechanisms of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and found that LIPUS promotes hippocampal neurogenesis, enhances neural electrical activity and neural plasticity, ultimately restoring neuronal function and cognitive capabilities in TBI mice.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Wenmin Yi, Fei Chen, Minghao Yuan, Chuanling Wang, Shengyuan Wang, Jie Wen, Qian Zou, Yinshuang Pu, Zhiyou Cai
Summary: The study suggests that a high-fat diet may lead to tau hyperphosphorylation and synaptic dysfunction by inhibiting the SIRT1/AMPK pathway and disrupting autophagy flux, ultimately resulting in cognitive decline.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Kim M. Hemsley, Helen Beard, Glyn Chidlow, Teresa Mammone, Leanne K. Winner, Daniel Neumann, Barbara King, Marten F. Snel, Paul J. Trim, Robert J. Casson
Summary: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive method that can be used to rapidly and quantitatively examine the integrity of the neuroretina. It has been shown that OCT can be used to observe retinal thinning in patients with childhood dementia, and to assess the improvement of retinal structure after treatment. Furthermore, OCT can provide insights into other childhood dementias based on the correlation between retinal and brain degeneration in Sanfilippo syndrome.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Qianling Jiang, Xin Ma, Gaochen Zhu, Wen Si, Lingyu He, Guan Yang
Summary: This study investigated the effects of EAE induction on thymopoiesis and T cell development, revealing changes such as increased apoptosis, decreased proliferation, and a blockade in the transition from double-negative thymocytes to double-positive cells. It was also found that positive selection was disrupted in the thymus of EAE mice, along with an increased production of regulatory T cells.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Alice McDouall, Guido Wassink, Sumudu Ranasinghe, Kelly Q. Zhou, Rashika N. Karunasinghe, Justin M. Dean, Joanne O. Davidson
Summary: This study found that blocking connexin 43 hemichannels can attenuate brain injury and promote neurodevelopment in infants with mild hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, without causing hypothermia.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Hannah Sweetman, Mahmudur Rahman, Aditya Vedantam, Kajana Satkunendrarajah
Summary: Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a neurological condition characterized by chronic compression of the cervical spinal cord, leading to impaired limb function. While respiratory dysfunction is not a common symptom of DCM, it can affect the ventilatory response to respiratory challenges. Surgical decompression improves sensorimotor function in DCM, but its impact on respiratory function is unclear. This study evaluates respiratory function and adaptive ventilation in a DCM model, showing that DCM impairs acute adaptive ventilatory ability and surgical decompression does not fully restore it.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Chengmei Sun, Muhammad Saif Ur Rahman, Budbazar Enkhjargal, Jianhua Peng, Keren Zhou, Zhiyi Xie, Lingyun Wu, Tongyu Zhang, Qiquan Zhu, Jiping Tang, Yujia Zeng, John H. Zhang, Shanshan Xu
Summary: This study found that Osteopontin (OPN) can attenuate inflammatory responses after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by promoting an anti-inflammatory microglial state. This effect may be mediated through the integrin-FAK-STAT3 and NF-kappa B signaling pathways.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Yang Yang, Xuezhu Chen, Chuanyan Yang, Mei Liu, Qianying Huang, Likun Yang, Yuhai Wang, Hua Feng, Zhongyang Gao, Tunan Chen
Summary: The study explores the effects of specific chemogenetic stimulation of intact corticospinal tract on functional recovery after stroke in mice. The findings demonstrate that combining chemogenetic activation with rehabilitation training leads to significant motor functional recovery by promoting axon sprouting and rewiring new functional circuits.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)