Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexander M. Hilla, Annemarie Baehr, Marco Leibinger, Anastasia Andreadaki, Dietmar Fischer
Summary: Regenerative failure in the optic nerve is attributed to a chemoattractive CXCL12/CXCR4-dependent mechanism that prevents growth-stimulated axons from regenerating distally. Depletion of CXCR4 or CXCL12 reduces aberrant axonal growth and enables long-distance regeneration.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Suqian Wu, Xiaofen Mo
Summary: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and is the leading cause of vision loss and blindness worldwide. Recent studies have shown that retinal neuron impairment occurs before any noticeable vascular changes in DR, with retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration being one of the earliest signs. RGC axons have limited ability to regenerate, making visual functional defects irreversible. However, significant progress has been made in enabling RGC axon regeneration in animal models, offering potential for neural repair and visual restoration in DR.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fa Yuan, Mingwei Wang, Kangxin Jin, Mengqing Xiang
Summary: The text discusses the pathogenesis of glaucoma and the characteristics of RGCs, highlighting the differences in regenerative abilities post-injury and the latest research findings. It proposes potential directions for future therapeutics in treating neurodegenerative diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ngan Pan Bennett Au, Raza Chand, Gajendra Kumar, Pallavi Asthana, Wing Yip Tam, Kin Man Tang, Chi-Chiu Ko, Chi Him Eddie Ma
Summary: This study discovered that a small molecule called M1 can promote mitochondrial fusion and transport, leading to the regeneration of axons and the recovery of visual function and neural activities after optic nerve injuries.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Elena G. Sergeeva, Paul A. Rosenberg, Larry Benowitz
Summary: The text describes the process of how visual information is transmitted from the eye to the brain through the optic nerve by retinal ganglion cells. It discusses the inability of retinal ganglion cells to regenerate axons and the mechanisms behind neurodegeneration and regenerative failure. Additionally, it mentions the role of retinal interneurons in the survival and axon regeneration of retinal ganglion cells.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Trevor Poitras, Douglas W. Zochodne
Summary: Common mechanisms of peripheral axon regeneration are recruited following diverse forms of damage to peripheral nerve axons. Supporting peripheral axon regrowth could be achieved through direct axon support or manipulation of the inflammatory milieu. Understanding the molecular barriers to regrowth and exploiting the downstream signaling pathways that impact neuron growth are promising approaches for promoting adult peripheral axon regeneration. This review emphasizes intrinsic aspects of adult peripheral axon regeneration and highlights several molecular barriers to regrowth.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Jinyeon Hwang, Uk Namgung
Summary: The study reveals that Cdk5 plays a role in promoting axonal regeneration after nerve injury by modulating mitochondrial activity through STAT3 phosphorylation.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Simeon C. Daeschler, Konstantin Feinberg, Leila Harhaus, Ulrich Kneser, Tessa Gordon, Gregory H. Borschel, Aleksey Zaitsev
Summary: Peripheral nerve injuries have significant impacts on individuals and society, resulting in functional impairments, lengthy rehabilitation, and socioeconomic burdens. Tacrolimus, a potent immunosuppressive drug with neuroregenerative properties, shows promise in accelerating nerve fiber regeneration. This review explores the therapeutic potential of tacrolimus through investigating its mechanisms of action and discussing practical barriers for clinical translation, providing insights into its translational perspectives as an adjunct therapy for nerve regeneration.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Sean Mccracken, Michael J. Fitzpatrick, Allison L. Hall, Zelun Wang, Daniel Kerschensteiner, Josh L. Morgan, Philip R. Williams
Summary: Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration, caused by axon degeneration, is the main reason for vision loss in blinding conditions. Axonal Ca2+ elevations from optic nerve injury do not reach RGC somas, and baseline Ca2+ levels of RGCs predict their survival after axon injury.
Article
Neurosciences
Agnieszka Lukomska, Juhwan Kim, Bruce A. Rheaume, Jian Xing, Alexela Hoyt, Emmalyn Lecky, Tyler Steidl, Ephraim F. Trakhtenberg
Summary: Several molecular targets have been identified in animal models to promote axon regeneration in the central nervous system, but the resulting recovery is limited, and the mechanisms underlying axonal regenerative failure in the CNS are still poorly understood. Developmentally regulated genes and proteins that modulate the mTOR pathway have been found to play a role in CNS axon regeneration.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Review
Ophthalmology
Ling-Ping Cen, Kevin K. Park, Kowk-Fai So
Summary: Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are crucial for transmitting visual information to the brain, and their loss or damage can result in partial or total vision loss. Accurate diagnosis is essential for timely treatment and prevention of irreversible RGC loss. Promoting RGC axon regeneration is vital for restoring vision, but several factors inhibit this process. Understanding the mechanisms of RGC survival and regeneration, as well as exploring potential therapies, is important for treating optic neuropathies.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
P. Komirishetty, K. Zubkow, A. Areti, H. Ong, D. W. Zochodne
Summary: The study found that local delivery of Rb1 siRNA can promote nerve regeneration at the outset, enhancing reinnervation of epidermal axons. Combining intrinsic Rb1 knockdown with exogenous insulin can significantly improve growth patterns of adult sensory neurons in vitro and enhance regeneration outcomes in vivo. Overall, the findings highlight the responsiveness of regrowing peripheral neurons to both intrinsic and exogenous approaches that improve their recovery, as well as a novel local approach to manipulate gene expression and outcome in regrowing axons.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Qi Zhang, Yiqing Li, Yehong Zhuo
Summary: Axon regeneration in RGCs after optic nerve injury is hindered by weak intrinsic potential and strong extrinsic inhibitors. Previous research focused on glial and inflammatory cells, neglecting the important role of interneurons in the retinal circuitry. This study highlights the impact of synaptic and non-synaptic interactions on RGCs, emphasizing the significance of pre-synaptic interneurons in optic nerve regeneration and visual function recovery.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Veselina Petrova, Bart Nieuwenhuis, James W. Fawcett, Richard Eva
Summary: The research focuses on utilizing various axonal organelles to promote regeneration in the injured adult CNS, highlighting their importance in developmental axon growth and discussing how they can be targeted.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Arthur W. English, Ken Berglund, Dario Carrasco, Katharina Goebel, Robert E. Gross, Robin Isaacson, Olivia C. Mistretta, Carly Wynans
Summary: Functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury is challenging due to slow and incomplete axon regeneration. Bioluminescent optogenetics, utilizing fusion proteins of luciferase and light-sensing ion channels, shows promise in enhancing axon regeneration by increasing neuronal excitability. Experimental studies in transgenic mice and viral vector-transduced mice demonstrate enhanced motor axon regeneration and successful muscle reinnervation after treatment with bioluminescent optogenetics.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Hiroki Akiyama, Yumi Iwasaki, Seiya Yamada, Hiroyuki Kamiguchi, Shin-ichi Sakakibara
CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hisako Akiyama, Mitsuko Ide, Yasuko Nagatsuka, Tomoko Sayano, Etsuro Nakanishi, Norihito Uemura, Kohei Yuyama, Yoshiki Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki Kamiguchi, Ryosuke Takahashi, Johannes M. F. G. Aerts, Peter Greimel, Yoshio Hirabayashi
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2020)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yoshitaka Tanie, Tomoharu Kuboyama, Chihiro Tohda
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Prajwal Devkota, Matt C. Danzi, Vance P. Lemmon, John L. Bixby, Stefan Wuchty
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hisako Akiyama, Mitsuko Ide, Toshiyuki Yamaji, Yasuaki Mizutani, Yoshiki Niimi, Tatsuro Mutoh, Hiroyuki Kamiguchi, Yoshio Hirabayashi
Summary: It is the first report to show the existence of Gb(2) in human cerebrospinal fluid. Gb(2) is an important ceramide dihexoside that accumulates in patients with Fabry disease. By isolating and analyzing CDH fractions from CSF, the study revealed the presence of Gb(2) in healthy individuals.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Vance P. Lemmon
Summary: Published in 1981, a study on the receptive field properties of neurons in the reeler mouse visual cortex revealed robust systems ensuring proper formation of connections in mouse cortex. This study transformed the author from an electrophysiologist into a molecular neuroscientist studying cell adhesion molecules and axon growth regulation mechanisms. It highlights the importance of collaboration and available technologies in driving scientific discoveries.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Francesco De Virgiliis, Thomas H. Hutson, Ilaria Palmisano, Sarah Amachree, Jian Miao, Luming Zhou, Rositsa Todorova, Richard Thompson, Matt C. Danzi, Vance P. Lemmon, John L. Bixby, Ilka Wittig, Ajay M. Shah, Simone Di Giovanni
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Adam T. Guy, Hiroyuki Kamiguchi
Summary: The article discusses the potential role of lysolipids as a new class of axon guidance cues, signaling through mechanisms such as specific G protein-coupled receptors.
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Tomoharu Kuboyama, Seiya Kominato, Misaki Nagumo, Chihiro Tohda
Summary: The study focused on evaluating herbal medicine constituents that induce M2 predominance for the treatment of SCI. Polygalae Radix (PR) was found to induce M2 predominance in microglia, improve motor function in SCI model mice, and showed potential for protecting against axonal degeneration in the injured spinal cord.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jeffrey A. Lowell, Nicholas O'Neill, Matt C. Danzi, Hassan Al-Ali, John L. Bixby, Vance P. Lemmon
Summary: This study identified novel transcriptional regulators of neurite outgrowth downstream of the kinase inhibitor RO48, with the Fox family transcription factor Foxp2 restricting neurite outgrowth and the FoxO subfamily members Foxo1 and Foxo3a promoting neurite outgrowth. The transcriptomic-phenotypic screening strategy utilized in this study allowed for the discovery of these new regulators associated with axon growth.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kakeru Chino, Naotaka Izuo, Hiroshi Noike, Kyosuke Uno, Tomoharu Kuboyama, Chihiro Tohda, Shin-Ichi Muramatsu, Atsumi Nitta
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the deposition of amyloid beta in the brain. Overexpression of Shati/Nat8l can prevent cognitive dysfunction in AD model mice, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target for AD.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Tomoharu Kuboyama, Kenichiro Hotta, Mai Asanuma, Yue-Wei Ge, Kazufumi Toume, Takuma Yamazaki, Katsuko Komatsu
Summary: In traditional Japanese medicine, Rhei Rhizoma is used for its purgative, blood stasis-resolving, and antipsychotic properties, which may be related to its anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigated the effects of water extracts from different strains of cultivated Rheum species in Japan on microglia polarization. The results showed that the extracts of these strains significantly decreased M1 microglia and increased M2 microglia. Furthermore, certain constituents of Rhei Rhizoma were found to significantly increase the M2/M1 ratio.
JOURNAL OF NATURAL MEDICINES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jeffrey A. Lowell, Emre Dikici, Pratibha M. Joshi, Ralf Landgraf, Vance P. Lemmon, Sylvia Daunert, Sari Izenwasser, Pirouz Daftarian
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Carmen Chan, Noriko Ooashi, Hiroki Akiyama, Tetsuko Fukuda, Mariko Inoue, Toru Matsu-ura, Tomomi Shimogori, Katsuhiko Mikoshiba, Hiroyuki Kamiguchi
Article
Neurosciences
Wenzhu Wang, Zihan Li, Yitong Yan, Shuo Wu, Xinyu Yao, Chen Gao, Lanxiang Liu, Yan Yu
Summary: This study investigated the reparative mechanisms of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and found that LIPUS promotes hippocampal neurogenesis, enhances neural electrical activity and neural plasticity, ultimately restoring neuronal function and cognitive capabilities in TBI mice.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Wenmin Yi, Fei Chen, Minghao Yuan, Chuanling Wang, Shengyuan Wang, Jie Wen, Qian Zou, Yinshuang Pu, Zhiyou Cai
Summary: The study suggests that a high-fat diet may lead to tau hyperphosphorylation and synaptic dysfunction by inhibiting the SIRT1/AMPK pathway and disrupting autophagy flux, ultimately resulting in cognitive decline.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Kim M. Hemsley, Helen Beard, Glyn Chidlow, Teresa Mammone, Leanne K. Winner, Daniel Neumann, Barbara King, Marten F. Snel, Paul J. Trim, Robert J. Casson
Summary: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive method that can be used to rapidly and quantitatively examine the integrity of the neuroretina. It has been shown that OCT can be used to observe retinal thinning in patients with childhood dementia, and to assess the improvement of retinal structure after treatment. Furthermore, OCT can provide insights into other childhood dementias based on the correlation between retinal and brain degeneration in Sanfilippo syndrome.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Qianling Jiang, Xin Ma, Gaochen Zhu, Wen Si, Lingyu He, Guan Yang
Summary: This study investigated the effects of EAE induction on thymopoiesis and T cell development, revealing changes such as increased apoptosis, decreased proliferation, and a blockade in the transition from double-negative thymocytes to double-positive cells. It was also found that positive selection was disrupted in the thymus of EAE mice, along with an increased production of regulatory T cells.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Alice McDouall, Guido Wassink, Sumudu Ranasinghe, Kelly Q. Zhou, Rashika N. Karunasinghe, Justin M. Dean, Joanne O. Davidson
Summary: This study found that blocking connexin 43 hemichannels can attenuate brain injury and promote neurodevelopment in infants with mild hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, without causing hypothermia.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Hannah Sweetman, Mahmudur Rahman, Aditya Vedantam, Kajana Satkunendrarajah
Summary: Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a neurological condition characterized by chronic compression of the cervical spinal cord, leading to impaired limb function. While respiratory dysfunction is not a common symptom of DCM, it can affect the ventilatory response to respiratory challenges. Surgical decompression improves sensorimotor function in DCM, but its impact on respiratory function is unclear. This study evaluates respiratory function and adaptive ventilation in a DCM model, showing that DCM impairs acute adaptive ventilatory ability and surgical decompression does not fully restore it.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Chengmei Sun, Muhammad Saif Ur Rahman, Budbazar Enkhjargal, Jianhua Peng, Keren Zhou, Zhiyi Xie, Lingyun Wu, Tongyu Zhang, Qiquan Zhu, Jiping Tang, Yujia Zeng, John H. Zhang, Shanshan Xu
Summary: This study found that Osteopontin (OPN) can attenuate inflammatory responses after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by promoting an anti-inflammatory microglial state. This effect may be mediated through the integrin-FAK-STAT3 and NF-kappa B signaling pathways.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Yang Yang, Xuezhu Chen, Chuanyan Yang, Mei Liu, Qianying Huang, Likun Yang, Yuhai Wang, Hua Feng, Zhongyang Gao, Tunan Chen
Summary: The study explores the effects of specific chemogenetic stimulation of intact corticospinal tract on functional recovery after stroke in mice. The findings demonstrate that combining chemogenetic activation with rehabilitation training leads to significant motor functional recovery by promoting axon sprouting and rewiring new functional circuits.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)