Review
Neurosciences
Jessy van Asperen, Pierre A. J. T. Robe, Elly M. Hol
Summary: This review describes the expression of GFAP isoforms and discusses the relevance of studying GFAP and its isoforms in disease, with a specific focus on diffuse gliomas.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yaoju Tan, Yunhong Tan, Junlian Li, Pengnan Hu, Ping Guan, Haobin Kuang, Qide Liang, Yanyan Yu, Zhongnan Chen, Quan Wang, Zhenping Yang, DiLiNaZi AiKeReMu, Yu Pang, Jianxiong Liu
Summary: The study developed a new immunological method using IFN-gamma and IL-2 combinations to differentiate active TB from other pulmonary diseases, showing potential for accurate diagnosis. The sensitivity of series combination test was higher, while the specificity of parallel combination of IFN-gamma /IL-2 was increased. The diagnostic accuracy of series combination correlated with disease severity.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Zahra Aghelan, Saeed Karima, Seyed Hosein Abtahi, Habibolah Khazaie, Yahya Salimi, Reza Khodarahmi
Summary: A growing body of literature suggests that cytokines can play an important role in chronic insomnia disorder (CID). This study found that levels of proinflammatory mediators, including IL-12, IFN-gamma, and ICAM-1, were elevated in CID patients compared to healthy controls. The duration of REM sleep was also found to decrease with increased concentrations of IL-12 and IFN-gamma. Additionally, a lower serum concentration of IL-1ra was negatively correlated with the severity of insomnia in CID patients. These findings indicate that an imbalance of proinflammatory mediators and anti-inflammatory cytokines is important in the pathogenesis of CID.
Article
Immunology
Xiao-Jun Xu, Ze-Bin Luo, Hua Song, Wei-Qun Xu, Jan-Inge Henter, Ning Zhao, Meng-Hui Wu, Yong-Min Tang
Summary: This study aims to investigate the cytokine patterns of different subtypes of pediatric HLH and the role of cytokines in evaluating disease features. The results showed that there were differences in cytokine levels among different HLH subtypes, and IFN-gamma and IL-10/IFN-gamma ratio were useful tools for differentiating HLH subtypes. A four-quadrant model based on these parameters provided a simple evaluation of the HLH situation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dragica Gajic, Sanja Despotovic, Ivan Koprivica, Dorde Miljkovic, Tamara Saksida
Summary: Ethyl pyruvate (EP) has significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, reducing immune cell infiltration and heart inflammation in experimental autoimmune myocarditis.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Zhe Zhang, Xiaoli Shen, Zilong Tan, Yuran Mei, Tianzhu Lu, Yulong Ji, Sida Cheng, Yu Xu, Zekun Wang, Xinxian Liu, Wei He, Zhen Chen, Shuhui Chen, Qiaoli Lv
Summary: In this study, a risk scoring model was constructed using interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) related genes, which were found to be independent prognostic factors for predicting overall survival in glioma patients. This model is closely associated with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint molecule expression.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
K. Lee, H. K. Min, S-H Koh, S-H Lee, H-R Kim, J. H. Ju, H-Y Kim
Summary: This study found that there is overexpression of certain genes in CD4(+) T cells of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which are related to interferon and interleukin. The levels of plasma cytokines are associated with disease activity and clinical prognosis. For established RA patients with low disease activity, reducing drug dosage can lower the levels of interferon and interleukin.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RHEUMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Alexandra Correia, Pedro Alves, Ricardo Frois-Martins, Luzia Teixeira, Manuel Vilanova
Summary: Neospora caninum is a protozoan that causes abortion and still-births in cattle. In this study, we extended a mucosal vaccination approach using N. caninum membrane proteins and CpG adjuvant by incorporating the carbomer-based adjuvant Carbigen (TM). Immunized mice showed increased proportions and numbers of memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. When infected with N. caninum, the immunized mice had lower parasite burdens and produced higher levels of IL-17A.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomohiro Watanabe, Kosuke Minaga, Hajime Honjo, Masatoshi Kudo
Summary: The liver showed hypo-responsiveness to antigens and high doses of orally-administered ovalbumin (OVA) generated unique CD4+ T cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells that can suppress Th1 responses. OVA administration at high doses inhibited hepatitis development in mice with OVA-specific CD4+ T cells, and this was associated with downregulation of Th1 responses. The results suggest that high-dose oral antigen administration can suppress Th1-mediated hepatitis in an antigen-non-specific manner.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Fatima K. Alduraibi, Kathryn A. Sullivan, Hui-Chen Hsu, W. Winn Chatham, John D. Mountz
Summary: Elevated IFNy and IL-17 levels were found in SLE patients, correlated with autoantibody production, while elevated IL-10 levels were associated with LN. LN patients had higher plasma levels of anti-DNA and anti-Sm/RNP. Decreased levels of anti-Sm/RNP were associated with acute mucocutaneous manifestations.
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jean N. Manirarora, Kristen E. Walker, Veerupaxagouda Patil, Gourapura J. Renukaradhya, Joanna LaBresh, Yvonne Sullivan, Ore Francis, Joan K. Lunney
Summary: This study aimed to generate priority immune reagents for pigs and market them. Soluble swine cytokines and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were successfully produced. These new antibodies have expanded opportunities for immunology research in swine.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jidong Guo, Qiang Li, Xuxia Zhang, Cong Yao, Rongmei Liu, Yu Pang, Mengqiu Gao
Summary: The study identified that increased IL-10 secretion by PBMCs is inversely correlated with IGRA assay results. Glucocorticoids use and extrapulmonary TB were significantly associated with false-negative IGRA results. Combination testing to measure IL-10 secretion and IFN-gamma release is recommended for improved IGRAs specificity.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Andra Banete, Julia Barilo, Reese Whittaker, Sameh Basta
Summary: Macrophages (M phi) exhibit different functional phenotypes depending on the cytokine microenvironment. Their activation patterns influence viral infection outcomes, and viruses manipulate macrophage polarization to benefit their own fitness.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Martha Sedegah, Chad Porter, Emilie Goguet, Harini Ganeshan, Maria Belmonte, Jun Huang, Arnel Belmonte, Sandra Inoue, Neda Acheampong, Allison M. W. Malloy, Monique Hollis-Perry, Belinda Jackson-Thompson, Kathy F. Ramsey, Yolanda Alcorta, Santina E. Maiolatesi, Gregory Wang, Anatolio E. Reyes, Luca Illinik, Margaret Sanchez-Edwards, Timothy H. Burgess, Christopher C. Broder, Eric D. Laing, Simon D. Pollett, Eileen Villasante, Edward Mitre, Michael R. Hollingdale
Summary: Class I- and Class II-restricted epitopes have been identified across the SARS-CoV-2 structural proteome. Vaccine-induced and post-infection T-cell responses are associated with COVID-19 recovery and protection. Vaccination with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 results in T cell-specific responses primarily against epitopes in the S2 subunit of the S glycoprotein. Individuals vaccinated after SARS-CoV-2 infection develop broader and greater T cell responses to S1 and S2 subunits as well as the N and M proteins.
Article
Cell Biology
Andra Banete, Katrina Gee, Sameh Basta
Summary: Macrophages exhibit various functional phenotypes based on different stimuli, with IL-4 potentially playing a role in both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes. The novel vaccine adjuvant R848 triggers a strong Th1 response, but the presence of IL-4 may affect its immune response. IL-4-induced M phi polarization may have an impact on the outcome of R848 stimulation.
JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Rehabilitation
Quoc Bui, Katherine J. Kaufman, Vy Pham, Eric J. Lenze, Jin-Moo Lee, David C. Mohr, Mandy W. M. Fong, Christopher L. Metts, Stephanie E. Tomazin, Alex W. K. Wong
Summary: The objective of this study was to validate and characterize real-world functional behaviors in individuals after stroke. The study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to assess functional behaviors in real-time and found that EMA was sensitive to indicators of poststroke disability and had correlations with in-laboratory measures of daily functioning and symptoms. The findings reveal that EMA can track poststroke functioning precisely and can be beneficial in examining functional recovery and monitoring home-based interventions.
ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Laura Ibanez, Laura Heitsch, Caty Carrera, Fabiana H. G. Farias, Jorge L. Del Aguila, Rajat Dhar, John Budde, Kristy Bergmann, Joseph Bradley, Oscar Harari, Chia Ling Phuah, Robin Lemmens, Alessandro A. Viana Oliveira Souza, Francisco Moniche, Antonio Cabezas-Juan, Juan Francisco Arenillas, Jerzy Krupinksi, Natalia Cullell, Nuria Torres-Aguila, Elena Muino, Jara Carcel-Marquez, Joan Marti-Fabregas, Raquel Delgado-Mederos, Rebeca Marin-Bueno, Alejandro Hornick, Cristofol Vives-Bauza, Rosa Diaz Navarro, Silvia Tur, Carmen Jimenez, Victor Obach, Tomas Segura, Gemma Serrano-Heras, Jong Won Chung, Jaume Roquer, Carol Soriano-Tarraga, Eva Giralt-Steinhauer, Marina Mola-Caminal, Joanna Pera, Katarzyna Lapicka-Bodzioch, Justyna Derbisz, Antoni Davalos, Elena Lopez-Cancio, Lucia Munoz, Turgut Tatlisumak, Carlos Molina, Marc Ribo, Alejandro Bustamante, Tomas Sobrino, Jose Castillo-Sanchez, Francisco Campos, Emilio Rodriguez-Castro, Susana Arias-Rivas, Manuel Rodriguez-Yanez, Christina Herbosa, Andria L. Ford, Alonso Gutierrez-Romero, Rodrigo Uribe-Pacheco, Antonio Arauz, Iscia Lopes-Cendes, Theodore Lowenkopf, Miguel A. Barboza, Hajar Amini, Boryana Stamova, Bradley P. Ander, Frank R. Sharp, Gyeong Moon Kim, Oh Young Bang, Jordi Jimenez-Conde, Agnieszka Slowik, Daniel Stribian, Ellen A. Tsai, Linda C. Burkly, Joan Montaner, Israel Fernandez-Cadenas, Jin Moo Lee, Carlos Cruchaga
Summary: This study aimed to determine the genetic architecture of early neurological instability after stroke. It identified eight significant loci that are associated with neurological instability, suggesting that excitotoxicity may contribute to this instability.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Quoc Bui, Katherine J. Kaufman, Elizabeth G. S. Munsell, Eric J. Lenze, Jin-Moo Lee, David C. Mohr, Mandy W. M. Fong, Christopher L. Metts, Stephanie E. Tomazin, V. Y. Pham, Alex W. K. Wong
Summary: This study used smartphone-based ambulatory assessment to investigate the relationship between depressed mood and functional behaviors among stroke survivors. The findings suggest that depressed mood is associated with social activities, instrumental activities of daily living, interactions with family members, friends, and coworkers, as well as specific locations. Additionally, greater depressed mood is related to lower satisfaction, performance, and engagement in activities.
JOURNAL OF TELEMEDICINE AND TELECARE
(2022)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Amber Salter, Anne H. Cross, Gary R. Cutter, Robert J. Fox, David K. B. Li, Bruce Bebo, June Halper, Pamela Kanellis, Kottil Rammohan, Scott D. Newsome
Summary: This study reports the COVID-19 outcomes of 36 women with multiple sclerosis (MS), including pregnant and postpartum women. A comparison between pregnant/postpartum females and non-pregnant/postpartum females showed no increased risks for women with MS in relation to COVID-19.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Biao Xiang, Jie Wen, Robert E. Schmidt, Alexander L. Sukstanskii, Daniel Mamah, Dmitriy A. Yablonskiy, Anne H. Cross
Summary: This study developed an alternative approach, Simultaneous-Multi-Angular-Relaxometry-of-Tissue (SMART) MRI, to generate a quantitative magnetization transfer MRI metric called the macromolecule proton fraction (MPF) that correlates with myelin concentration. The SMART-derived MPF metric was tested as a potential imaging biomarker of demyelination and was found to differentiate different types of multiple sclerosis lesions and correlate with clinical test scores. The results suggest that SMART-derived MPF metric holds promise for quantitatively assessing demyelination and remyelination.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Rajat Dhar, Wengui Yu, Midori Yenari, Jin-Moo Lee
TRANSLATIONAL STROKE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rajat Dhar, Atul Kumar, Yasheng Chen, Yelyzaveta Begunova, Madelynne Olexa, Ayush Prasad, Grace Carey, Isabella Gonzalez, Kunal Bhatia, Mohammad Hamed, Laura Heitsch, Shraddha Mainali, Nils Petersen, Jin-Moo Lee
Summary: This study compared different biomarkers for quantifying cerebral edema after stroke and found that changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume were more closely related to the severity of edema.
JOURNAL OF NEUROIMAGING
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Matthew R. Brier, Biao Xiang, John R. Ciotti, Salim Chahin, Gregory F. Wu, Robert T. Naismith, Dmitriy Yablonskiy, Anne H. Cross
Summary: This study used qGRE MRI to examine the brains of MOGAD patients and compared them with MS patients matched for disability. The results showed that non-lesional tissues in MOGAD patients were less damaged compared to MS, which may explain the greater propensity for recovery in MOGAD.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Matthew R. Brier, Zhuocheng Li, Maria Ly, Helmet T. Karim, Leda Liang, Weixin Du, John E. McCarthy, Anne H. Cross, Tammie L. S. Benzinger, Robert T. Naismith, Salim Chahin
Summary: Brain age, quantified using machine learning applied to structural MRI, is a clinically relevant biomarker that correlates with and predicts increasing disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Amit Bar-Or, Anne H. Cross, Anthony L. Cunningham, Yann Hyvert, Andrea Seitzinger, Hans Guehring, Elise E. Drouin, Nektaria Alexandri, Davorka Tomic, Xavier Montalban
Summary: A post hoc analysis showed that Evobrutinib, an investigational drug for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS), has an impact on immune responses. The results suggest that the drug acts as an immunomodulator, inhibiting aberrant immune cell responses while maintaining responsiveness to foreign and recall antigens.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Till Milde, Jason Fangusaro, Michael J. Fisher, Cynthia Hawkins, Fausto J. Rodriguez, Uri Tabori, Olaf Witt, Yuan Zhu, David H. Gutmann
Summary: Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) are common brain tumors in young children, which often result in chronic tumor- and therapy-related morbidities. The growth of pLGGs is influenced by genetic alterations and nonneoplastic cells in the microenvironment. Preclinical models are necessary to identify potential drugs for clinical evaluation and improve treatment for children with pLGGs.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yasheng Chen, Yan Wang, Chia-Ling Phuah, Melanie E. Fields, Kristin P. Guilliams, Slim Fellah, Martin N. Reis, Michael M. Binkley, Hongyu An, Jin-Moo Lee, Robert C. McKinstry, Lori C. Jordan, Michael R. DeBaun, Andria L. Ford
Summary: This study utilized the deep learning model UNet for automated detection of silent cerebral infarcts (SCI) in sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients. The results showed that UNet had high consistency in detecting SCI compared to manual detection, indicating its potential as a screening tool for SCI diagnosis.
Editorial Material
Medicine, Research & Experimental
David H. Gutmann
MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Yunshuo Tang, David H. Gutmann
Summary: Optic pathway glioma (OPG) occurs in a significant number of individuals with the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) cancer predisposition syndrome. While often benign and slow growing, some patients with NF1-OPGs experience symptoms such as vision loss and precocious puberty. Studies using genetically engineered Nf1-OPG mouse models have provided valuable insights into the molecular and cellular pathways of optic gliomagenesis and identified potential new treatments. Research focusing on determining the factors underlying optic glioma development and tumor-induced optic nerve injury will contribute to personalized risk assessment and improved treatment for children with NF1-OPG.
CANCER MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Amit Bar-Or, Gian-Andrea Thanei, Christopher Harp, Corrado Bernasconi, Ulrike Bonati, Anne H. Cross, Saloumeh Fischer, Laura Gaetano, Stephen L. Hauser, Robert Hendricks, Ludwig Kappos, Jens Kuhle, David Leppert, Fabian Model, Annette Sauter, Harold Koendgen, Xiaoming Jia, Ann E. Herman
Summary: Baseline NfL levels are associated with brain atrophy, lesion expansion, and clinical progression in MS patients. Ocrelizumab treatment reduces NfL levels and eliminates the predictive value of baseline NfL on disability progression. Elevated NfL levels following ocrelizumab treatment may predict increased risk for clinical progression.
Article
Neurosciences
Wenzhu Wang, Zihan Li, Yitong Yan, Shuo Wu, Xinyu Yao, Chen Gao, Lanxiang Liu, Yan Yu
Summary: This study investigated the reparative mechanisms of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and found that LIPUS promotes hippocampal neurogenesis, enhances neural electrical activity and neural plasticity, ultimately restoring neuronal function and cognitive capabilities in TBI mice.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Wenmin Yi, Fei Chen, Minghao Yuan, Chuanling Wang, Shengyuan Wang, Jie Wen, Qian Zou, Yinshuang Pu, Zhiyou Cai
Summary: The study suggests that a high-fat diet may lead to tau hyperphosphorylation and synaptic dysfunction by inhibiting the SIRT1/AMPK pathway and disrupting autophagy flux, ultimately resulting in cognitive decline.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Kim M. Hemsley, Helen Beard, Glyn Chidlow, Teresa Mammone, Leanne K. Winner, Daniel Neumann, Barbara King, Marten F. Snel, Paul J. Trim, Robert J. Casson
Summary: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive method that can be used to rapidly and quantitatively examine the integrity of the neuroretina. It has been shown that OCT can be used to observe retinal thinning in patients with childhood dementia, and to assess the improvement of retinal structure after treatment. Furthermore, OCT can provide insights into other childhood dementias based on the correlation between retinal and brain degeneration in Sanfilippo syndrome.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Qianling Jiang, Xin Ma, Gaochen Zhu, Wen Si, Lingyu He, Guan Yang
Summary: This study investigated the effects of EAE induction on thymopoiesis and T cell development, revealing changes such as increased apoptosis, decreased proliferation, and a blockade in the transition from double-negative thymocytes to double-positive cells. It was also found that positive selection was disrupted in the thymus of EAE mice, along with an increased production of regulatory T cells.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Alice McDouall, Guido Wassink, Sumudu Ranasinghe, Kelly Q. Zhou, Rashika N. Karunasinghe, Justin M. Dean, Joanne O. Davidson
Summary: This study found that blocking connexin 43 hemichannels can attenuate brain injury and promote neurodevelopment in infants with mild hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, without causing hypothermia.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Hannah Sweetman, Mahmudur Rahman, Aditya Vedantam, Kajana Satkunendrarajah
Summary: Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a neurological condition characterized by chronic compression of the cervical spinal cord, leading to impaired limb function. While respiratory dysfunction is not a common symptom of DCM, it can affect the ventilatory response to respiratory challenges. Surgical decompression improves sensorimotor function in DCM, but its impact on respiratory function is unclear. This study evaluates respiratory function and adaptive ventilation in a DCM model, showing that DCM impairs acute adaptive ventilatory ability and surgical decompression does not fully restore it.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Chengmei Sun, Muhammad Saif Ur Rahman, Budbazar Enkhjargal, Jianhua Peng, Keren Zhou, Zhiyi Xie, Lingyun Wu, Tongyu Zhang, Qiquan Zhu, Jiping Tang, Yujia Zeng, John H. Zhang, Shanshan Xu
Summary: This study found that Osteopontin (OPN) can attenuate inflammatory responses after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by promoting an anti-inflammatory microglial state. This effect may be mediated through the integrin-FAK-STAT3 and NF-kappa B signaling pathways.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Yang Yang, Xuezhu Chen, Chuanyan Yang, Mei Liu, Qianying Huang, Likun Yang, Yuhai Wang, Hua Feng, Zhongyang Gao, Tunan Chen
Summary: The study explores the effects of specific chemogenetic stimulation of intact corticospinal tract on functional recovery after stroke in mice. The findings demonstrate that combining chemogenetic activation with rehabilitation training leads to significant motor functional recovery by promoting axon sprouting and rewiring new functional circuits.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
