Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hidehiko Nakano, Hideki Hashimoto, Masaki Mochizuki, Hiromu Naraba, Yuji Takahashi, Tomohiro Sonoo, Yujiro Matsuishi, Yasuhiro Ogawa, Nobutake Shimojo, Yoshiaki Inoue, Kensuke Nakamura
Summary: The administration of HMB complex in elderly minor trauma patients did not improve muscle injury, however titin values may be associated with subsequent physical function.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nicolas de Angelus Costa Riela, Maiara Moeme Alvim Guimaraes, Daniela Oliveira de Almeida, Edilene Maria Queiroz Araujo
Summary: The aging process affects body composition by increasing abdominal adipose tissue and decreasing lean body mass. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) has been shown to have positive effects on body composition and strength in elderly individuals, especially when they are bedridden or sedentary. Supplementation of 3 g of HMB has shown to be most beneficial in improving strength and body composition in people over 65 years.
ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Carla M. Prado, Camila E. Orsso, Suzette L. Pereira, Philip J. Atherton, Nicolaas E. P. Deutz
Summary: Low muscle mass is common among cancer patients, and HMB supplementation shows beneficial effects on muscle mass, function, and survival. However, its impact on quality of life and body weight is limited. Further well-designed trials are needed to explore the clinical benefits of HMB supplementation in this patient population.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Danielle E. Bear, Alfonso J. Cruz-Jentoft, Jeffrey R. Stout
Summary: Interest in using HMB to prevent and treat sarcopenia has grown in recent years, but there is limited research on its effects in hospitalized and community-dwelling older adults, with existing studies having suboptimal methodological quality. More high-quality studies are needed to investigate the effectiveness of HMB on outcomes related to sarcopenia.
CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Nicolas Busse, Madison L. Gonzalez, Mackenzie L. Krason, Sally E. Johnson
Summary: Consumption of HMB increased the percentage of type IIA and IIA/X muscle fibers in the GM, but did not improve athletic performance in horses. Additionally, HMB supplementation did not have measurable effects on the biomechanical properties of the muscles in horses.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Barbara Lattanzi, Angelo Bruni, Simone Di Cola, Alessio Molfino, Adriano De Santis, Maurizio Muscaritoli, Manuela Merli
Summary: This study evaluated the effect of HMB supplementation on muscle mass and function in patients with liver cirrhosis, finding significant improvements in muscle function, muscle mass, and frailty after HMB supplementation. HMB was well tolerated by patients without adverse events.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
C. Yang, Y. Song, T. Li, X. Chen, J. Zhou, Q. Pan, W. Jiang, M. Wang, Hong Jia
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of HMB intervention on muscle strength, physical performance, body compositions, and inflammatory factors in older adults with sarcopenia. The results showed that HMB supplementation significantly improved handgrip strength, gait speed, five-time chair stand test, muscle quality, and reduced inflammatory factors. Therefore, HMB supplementation could be an effective treatment for sarcopenia.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION HEALTH & AGING
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ziru Lin, Anqi Zhao, Jiguo He
Summary: This meta-analysis demonstrates that supplementation of HMB and preparations containing HMB ingredients can increase muscle strength in elderly individuals, which is crucial for their overall health.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
William D. Fairfield, Dennis M. Minton, Christian J. Elliehausen, Alexander D. Nichol, Taylor L. Cook, John A. Rathmacher, Lisa M. Pitchford, Scott A. Paluska, Adam J. Kuchnia, Jacob M. Allen, Adam R. Konopka
Summary: HMB + D supplementation can increase skeletal muscle volume, decrease intermuscular adipose tissue, and prevent muscle loss in middle-aged women.
Article
Rehabilitation
Rafael Fortuna, Andrew Sawatsky, John C. Fuller, Walter Herzog
Summary: The study found that while HMB did not completely prevent muscle mass and strength loss induced by BoNT-A injection, it did reduce the loss of contractile material in the injected muscles and prevented strength loss in the contralateral non-injected muscles.
JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Isabel Cornejo-Pareja, Maria Ramirez, Maria Camprubi-Robles, Ricardo Rueda, Isabel Maria Vegas-Aguilar, Jose Manuel Garcia-Almeida
Summary: The study demonstrates the positive impact of a high-calorie, high-protein oral nutritional supplement with HMB on improving nutritional status, increasing body weight, and muscle-related parameters, especially in enhancing muscle health.
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Stuart M. Phillips, Kyle J. Lau, Alysha C. D'Souza, Everson A. Nunes
Summary: This study reviewed systematic reviews on the effects of HMB supplementation on muscle growth and muscle loss in ageing and clinical populations. The majority of reviews concluded that HMB supplementation did not affect muscle strength or physical function, and there was controversy regarding its impact on increasing muscle mass.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
R. S. Feitosa, A. C. B. Marini, G. D. Pimentel
Summary: This study examined the prevalence of sarcopenia in elderly hemodialysis patients and found an association between fat mass percentage and SARC-F/SARC-F+CC. A significant proportion (37.5%) of patients were at risk of muscle function loss, and adiposity was linked to an increased likelihood of sarcopenia by 25%.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION HEALTH & AGING
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yosuke Osuka, Narumi Kojima, Kyohsuke Wakaba, Daiji Miyauchi, Kiyoji Tanaka, Hunkyung Kim, Hiroyuki Ssasai
Summary: The study found that HMB improved gait performance in older women, but with minimal benefits and no enhancement in the effects of exercise on other outcomes. Exercise appeared to be the only effective intervention to improve outcomes in older women with low muscle mass.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sarah Damanti, Marta Cilla, Bruno Tuscano, Rebecca De Lorenzo, Giuseppina Manganaro, Aurora Merolla, Giacomo Pacioni, Chiara Pomaranzi, Valeria Tiraferri, Sabina Martinenghi, Giordano Vitali, Emanuele Bosi, Caterina Conte, Andrea Giustina, Moreno Tresoldi, Patrizia Rovere Querini
Summary: This study evaluated muscle mass and quality in post-COVID-19 patients using limb ultrasound. The findings showed that COVID-19 survivors and patients with reduced muscle strength had lower muscle ultrasound thickness and higher muscle stiffness. Muscle ultrasound could be an innovative tool to assess muscle health in this population.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Stacy T. Sims, Chad M. Kerksick, Abbie E. Smith-Ryan, Xanne A. K. Janse de Jonge, Katie R. Hirsch, Shawn M. Arent, Susan Joyce Hewlings, Susan M. Kleiner, Erik Bustillo, Jaime L. Tartar, Valerie G. Starratt, Richard B. Kreider, Casey Greenwalt, Liliana I. Renteria, Michael J. Ormsbee, Trisha A. VanDusseldorp, Bill I. Campbell, Douglas S. Kalman, Jose Antonio
Summary: This article summarizes the results of a comprehensive review and critical analysis of the literature on the nutritional concerns of female athletes. The conclusions highlight the importance of tracking hormonal status and individual patterns, achieving adequate energy intake, tailoring carbohydrate intake to hormonal status, consuming high-quality protein close to exercise, and addressing fluid dynamics and electrolyte handling in female athletes. The article also emphasizes the need for more research on sex-specific supplementation and the inclusion of females in research studies.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SPORTS NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hannah E. Cabre, Casey E. Greenwalt, Lacey M. Gould, Abbie E. Smith-Ryan
Summary: This study investigated the effects of L-citrulline and glutathione on exercise performance and blood flow. The results showed that participants who took L-citrulline and glutathione had enhanced blood flow and increased concentrations of L-citrulline and L-arginine in their blood after high-intensity exercise. This suggests that the ingestion of L-citrulline and glutathione may improve blood flow and exercise performance.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SPORTS NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Erica R. Goldstein, Jeffrey R. Stout, Adam J. Wells, Jose Antonio, Ecaterina Vasenina, David H. Fukuda
Summary: Both carbohydrate and carbohydrate-protein co-ingestion improved endurance performance with limited recovery time, while water and electrolyte intake was not effective in restoring endurance capacity.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SPORTS NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Andrew R. Jagim, Patrick S. Harty, Grant M. Tinsley, Chad M. Kerksick, Adam M. Gonzalez, Richard B. Kreider, Shawn M. Arent, Ralf Jager, Abbie E. Smith-Ryan, Jeffrey R. Stout, Bill I. Campbell, Trisha VanDusseldorp, Jose Antonio
Summary: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) has released a position statement based on a critical analysis of the literature, discussing the effects of energy drink (ED) or energy shot (ES) consumption on exercise performance, metabolism, and cognition. The statement emphasizes the importance of caffeine and carbohydrate in these beverages, while also highlighting the need for further research on other ingredients. It also provides cautionary advice for certain populations and suggests studying the potential effects and side effects of these drinks in exercise training.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SPORTS NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Franklin R. Muntis, Abbie E. Smith-Ryan, Jamie Crandell, Kelly R. Evenson, David M. Maahs, Michael Seid, Saame R. Shaikh, Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis
Summary: Nutritional strategies are necessary for managing post-exercise glycemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes. This study found that daily protein intake of >= 1.2 g/kg/day was associated with improved glycemia following exercise among adolescents with type 1 diabetes. However, there was no direct association between post-exercise protein intake and post-exercise glycemia.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
David H. H. Fukuda, Joao Paulo Lopes-Silva, Monica Yuri Takito, Emerson Franchini
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the presence of the relative age effect (RAE) in different age groups, weight categories, sexes, and over different time frames in international-level judo competition. A total of 9451 judo athletes who participated in the Olympic Games and/or World Championships between 1993 and 2020 were included in the analysis. The results showed that RAE was more prevalent in males than females, and in Cadets and Juniors compared to Seniors. Heavyweight and middleweight categories exhibited RAE in Senior and Junior males, while in females, it was present only in Cadet heavyweights. RAE was also found to be more pronounced in recent years for Senior male judo athletes. Poisson analysis provided additional insights, capturing RAE detection during an earlier time frame not apparent in the traditional analysis.
PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Maxine Furtado Mesa, Jeffrey R. Stout, Michael J. Redd, David H. Fukuda
Summary: The aim of this study was to estimate the workloads of collegiate female soccer players during a competitive season and compare the workloads of starters and substitutes. The results showed that starters had significantly greater accumulated total distance, sprints, and high-speed distance than substitutes. However, there were no significant differences between starters and substitutes in terms of accumulated training load and training load per minute played in matches.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY AND KINESIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Ecaterina Vasenina, Jeffrey R. Stout, David H. Fukuda
Summary: This study examined the impact of early vs. late sport specialization on quality of life after retirement from tennis. It found that retired tennis players with low injury/illness severity scores specialized in tennis later than those with high injury/illness severity scores. However, no differences in the specialization age were noted when the sample was separated into groups based on quality of life.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Arny A. Ferrando, Robert R. Wolfe, Katie R. Hirsch, David D. Church, Shiloah A. Kviatkovsky, Michael D. Roberts, Jeffrey R. Stout, Drew E. Gonzalez, Ryan J. Sowinski, Richard B. Kreider, Chad M. Kerksick, Nicholas A. Burd, Stefan M. Pasiakos, Michael J. Ormsbee, Shawn M. Arent, Paul J. Arciero, Bill I. Campbell, Trisha A. Vandusseldorp, Ralf Jager, Darryn S. Willoughby, Douglas S. Kalman, Jose Antonio
Summary: This article presents the position of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) on the effects of essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation on skeletal muscle maintenance and performance. The article provides scientific evidence on the benefits of EAA supplementation for athletes and other populations. Key conclusions include the role of EAAs in muscle protein synthesis, the effectiveness of free-form EAA supplementation, and the increased EAA requirements in aging populations.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SPORTS NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Casey E. E. Greenwalt, Elisa Angeles, Matthew D. D. Vukovich, Abbie E. E. Smith-Ryan, Chris W. W. Bach, Stacy T. T. Sims, Tucker Zeleny, Kristen E. E. Holmes, David M. M. Presby, Katie J. J. Schiltz, Marine Dupuit, Liliana I. I. Renteria, Michael J. J. Ormsbee
Summary: The pre-sleep nutrition habits of elite female athletes have not been evaluated. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 14 NCAA Division I female soccer players, measuring their average pre-sleep nutritional intake. The study found that consuming a small meal before bed had no impact on sleep and recovery.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SPORTS NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Ladda Thiamwong, Rui Xie, Joon-Hyuk Park, Nichole Lighthall, Victoria Loerzel, Jeffrey Stout
Summary: This study aims to optimize a customized, technology-driven approach for low-income older adults to prevent falls and reduce health disparities. The study examines the effects of a technology-based Physio-Feedback Exercise Program (PEER) on fall risk, dynamic balance, physical activity, fall risk appraisal shifting, and negative self-perceptions of aging. Participants' experiences and potential barriers to accessing and adopting the intervention are also explored. The study is a randomized controlled trial with data collection at multiple time points.
JMIR RESEARCH PROTOCOLS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Katie R. Hirsch, Hannah E. Cabre, Lacey M. Gould, Malia N. M. Blue, Abbie E. Smith-Ryan
Summary: The study aimed to explore the effects of essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation on high-intensity interval training (HIIT) fatigue, perceived exertion, and training progression in overweight and obese adults. The results showed that EAA supplementation did not extend time to exhaustion or enhance workload progression in untrained, overweight and obese adults after eight weeks of HIIT. However, consuming EAA 30 minutes before exercise may reduce perceived exertion during the first four weeks of training in women, which may affect overall exercise enjoyment and long-term adherence.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Amy M. Bergquist, Modesto A. Lebron, L. Colby Mangum, Jeffrey R. Stout, David H. Fukuda
Summary: This study suggests that when assessing single leg vertical jumps in baseball pitchers using the Drift protocol, jump height, power, contact and flight time may be more reliable indicators than average drift and total area covered.
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE IN SPORT AND EXERCISE
(2023)