Article
Food Science & Technology
Zhen Yang, Xinyuan Shi, Jiale Ren, Hongqing Yin, Dongna Li, Lili Song, Yanjun Zhang
Summary: ZSWF improves cognitive ability and reduces pathological damage and neuronal apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease by regulating neuronal mitochondrial homeostasis.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Hung-yin Lai, Alexander Chen, Po-chiung Fang, Hun-ju Yu, Ming-tse Kuo
Summary: This study compared tear film viscosity in Sjogren and non-Sjogren dry eye diseases. They found that Sjogren patients had lower tear film viscosity indices and higher symptom severity. The researchers concluded that tear film viscosity indices can be useful in early detection of Sjogren dry eye disease.
Article
Ophthalmology
Hung-Yin Lai, Po-Chiung Fang, Alexander Chen, Ming-Tse Kuo
Summary: The dynamic 4-grade system has excellent intra-observer reliability and good inter-observer reliability under 0.8-times playback speed. The grading system established in this study provides a promising solution for rapidly determining the level of TF viscosity.
GRAEFES ARCHIVE FOR CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Ophthalmology
Stefano Barabino
Summary: Dry eye disease is a complex and progressive condition that can have negative impacts on patients' quality of life, productivity, and mental wellbeing if left untreated. Lifestyle factors and increased screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic may exacerbate symptoms of dry eye, leading to more severe complications. Studies show that the pandemic has heightened the impact of dry eye on daily life, emphasizing the importance of identifying and managing the disease effectively.
OPHTHALMOLOGY AND THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Deborah Lee, Seoyoon Song, Geonho Cho, Lucia C. Dalle Ore, Noah Malmstadt, Ahmed Fuwad, Sun Min Kim, Tae-Joon Jeon
Summary: This study reveals the important role of lysozyme in tear film lipid layer functionality, improving ocular health through increased tear evaporation and resistance to bacterial invasion.
Article
Biophysics
Tuomo Viitaja, Jan-Erik Raitanen, Antti Hynynen, Jukka Moilanen, Kirsi Svedstrom, Riku O. Paananen, Filip S. Ekholm
Summary: The tear film lipid layer (TFLL) plays a crucial role in maintaining ocular surface health. However, there is limited knowledge about the specific functions of the unique lipids found in the TFLL. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of the most abundant iso-methyl branched wax esters and cholesteryl esters in the TFLL, demonstrating that chain branching affects the behavior of these lipid species on multiple levels. The results of this study provide important insights into the structure and function of the TFLL.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dominika Szkodny, Adam Wylegala, Edyta Chlasta-Twardzik, Edward Wylegala
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the ocular surface parameters of post-COVID-19 patients when compared to healthy controls. The results showed no significant differences between the post-COVID group and control group in the objective measurements of ocular surface conditions, when performed after the acute phase of COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Min Kyu Yang, Ho-Seok Sa, Namju Kim, Hyun Sun Jeon, Joon Young Hyon, Hokyung Choung, Sang In Khwarg
Summary: This study quantitatively analyzed morphological and functional alterations of the meibomian glands in eyes with marginal entropion and their changes after surgery. The results showed that eyes with marginal entropion had higher meibomian gland loss and thinner lipid layer thickness, and the average LLT increased after surgery.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Francesca Corsi, Kevin Arteaga, Flavia Corsi, Marco Masi, Alexia Cattaneo, Paolo Selleri, Manuela Crasta, Claudio Peruccio, Adolfo Guandalini
Summary: This study provides normative data for tear film examination in healthy Holland Lop rabbits, showing associations between tear osmolarity and interferometry grades with age and sex.
BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Ripon Kumar Saha, A. M. Mahmud Chowdhury, Kyung-Sun Na, Gyu Deok Hwang, Youngsub Eom, Jaeyoung Kim, Hae-Gon Jeon, Ho Sik Hwang, Euiheon Chung
Summary: This study aims to develop a deep learning-based automated method to segment meibomian glands and eyelids, quantitatively analyze their area and ratio, estimate the meiboscore, and remove specular reflections from infrared images. The results show that this method can accurately evaluate meibomian gland morphology and diagnose dry eye disease.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chulaluck Tangmonkongvoragul, Susama Chokesuwattanaskul, Chetupon Khankaeo, Ruethairat Punyasevee, Lapat Nakkara, Suttipat Moolsan, Onpreeya Unruan
Summary: Dry eye disease (DED) has a high prevalence of 70.8% among medical students, with factors such as female gender, contact lens use, and high stress scores being associated with a higher risk of DED. Early management strategies focusing on modifiable risk factors like contact lens use and psychological stress may be beneficial for preventing DED in this population.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kamila Riedlova, Maria Chiara Saija, Agnieszka Olzynska, Katarina Vazdar, Philippe Daull, Jean-Sebastien Garrigue, Lukasz Cwiklik
Summary: The tear film lipid layer (TFLL) may serve as a reservoir for latanoprost, facilitating its prolonged release and potentially optimizing glaucoma treatment. These findings have significant implications for the development of new drug delivery systems targeting the TFLL.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Yuqiang Bai, William Ngo, Safal Khanal, Jason J. Nichols
Summary: The thickness of the tear film lipid layer (TFLL) in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) was evaluated using a high-resolution optical microscope. The results showed that the MGD and mixed groups had the largest percentages of TFLL thicknesses fall within the thinnest modes. Measures of central tendency do not fully appreciate the variable distributions of TFLL across disease spectra.
Article
Ophthalmology
Jose Vicente Garcia-Marques, Cristian Talens-Estarelles, Noelia Martinez-Albert, Santiago Garcia-Lazaro, Alejandro Cervino
Summary: The study demonstrates that tear film-dynamic metrics are emerging parameters for indirectly evaluating tear film quality in natural conditions with acceptable repeatability.
CURRENT EYE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marc Labetoulle, Jose Manuel Benitez-del-Castillo, Stefano Barabino, Rocio Herrero Vanrell, Philippe Daull, Jean-Sebastien Garrigue, Maurizio Rolando
Summary: This review describes the main categories of ingredients in tear substitutes and their effects on the ocular surface. It also provides insights into how to select the appropriate tear substitute formulations based on the predominant causes of dry eye disease (DED).
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Parthasarathi Kalaiselvan, Muhammad Yasir, Ajay Kumar Vijay, Mark D. P. Willcox, Shyam Tummanapalli
Summary: This study evaluated the persistence of disinfection of three different hand sanitizers. The results showed that hand sanitizers containing capric acid or alcohol had better microbial inhibitory effects, which could help reduce the spread of microbes.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPTOMETRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sidra Sarwat, Fiona Jane Stapleton, Mark Duncan Perry Willcox, Peter B. O'Mara, Richard David Tilley, J. Justin Gooding, Maitreyee Roy
Summary: This study investigated the fluorescence and biocompatibility of hydrophilic silicon quantum dots doped with scandium, copper, and zinc, indicating their potential for bioimaging of tear film. The results showed that there was no difference in fluorescence emission between scandium-doped and copper-doped silicon quantum dots at any concentration. In addition, scandium and copper-doped quantum dots exhibited brighter fluorescence emissions than zinc-doped quantum dots, and they had a wider safe concentration range.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Madeeha Afzal, Ajay Kumar Vijay, Fiona Stapleton, Mark D. P. Willcox
Summary: Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of ocular infections and non-infectious corneal infiltrative events. This study sequenced the whole genomes of ocular isolates from USA and Australia and identified specific virulence factors associated with the pathogenicity of these isolates. Infectious strains were found to have a higher presence of virulence genes involved in adhesion, immune evasion, and serine protease enzymes. Comparison with non-ocular isolates revealed differences in the genetic composition of ocular strains.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ghayah Bahatheg, Rajesh Kuppusamy, Muhammad Yasir, David StC Black, Mark Willcox, Naresh Kumar
Summary: This study describes the development of short cationic peptoids with activity against Staphylococcus aureus strains from keratitis. The peptoids showed good antimicrobial activity against multiple strains, making them a promising class of antimicrobials.
Review
Parasitology
Binod Rayamajhee, Mark D. P. Willcox, Fiona L. Henriquez, Constantinos Petsoglou, Dinesh Subedi, Nicole Carnt
Summary: This paper reviews the characteristics of Acanthamoeba as an emerging human pathogen and its relationship with other microbes, revealing their importance in the evolution, persistence, and transmission of potential human pathogens.
TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Debarun Dutta, Fiona Stapleton, Mark Willcox
Article
Microbiology
Hari Kumar Peguda, Nicole A. Carnt, Zi Gu, Naresh Kumar, Mark D. P. Willcox, Rajesh Kuppusamy
Summary: This study evaluated the anti-amoebic activity of RK-758 against Acanthamoeba and found that it had significant effects on both trophozoites and cysts. It has the potential to be developed as an antimicrobial agent and can be used as a disinfectant in contact lens solutions.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Rajesh Kuppusamy, Muhammad Yasir, Tsz Tin Yu, Florida Voli, Orazio Vittorio, Michael J. Miller, Peter Lewis, David StC Black, Mark Willcox, Naresh Kumar
Summary: There is an urgent need for new antimicrobial agents to address the global increase in antibiotic resistance. This study focused on producing short amphiphilic antibacterial and antibiofilm agents by modifying the hydrophobic and cationic groups of anthranilamide peptidomimetics. The addition of a lysine cationic group at the tail position significantly enhanced activity against E. coli and reduced cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. These compounds demonstrated notable disruption of preformed biofilms of S. aureus at micromolar concentrations.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katrina Browne, Rajesh Kuppusamy, William R. Walsh, David StC Black, Mark D. P. Willcox, Naresh Kumar, Renxun Chen
Summary: Antibiotic resistance is a global challenge, and combination therapies using antibiotics and antimicrobial peptidomimetics can mitigate the development of resistance in bacteria. This strategy demonstrates synergistic activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and has significant potential in clinical applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Anuja Dahal, Kamal Shrestha, Rashmi Karki, Saraswati Bhattarai, Shiva Aryal, Satish Kumar Deo, Balmukunda Regmi, Mark Willcox, Shyam Kumar Mishra
Summary: This study analyzed the antibiotic sensitivity and biofilm-forming ability of urinary tract infection strains from renal disease patients. The results showed that the most common uropathogens in renal disease patients were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterococcus spp. Some antibiotics such as amikacin, meropenem, and cefoperazone-sulbactam were effective against Gram-negative bacteria, while doxycycline, nitrofurantoin, and tetracycline were effective against Gram-positive bacteria. Additionally, most strains were capable of forming biofilms, and 70.8% were multidrug-resistant. Therefore, aminoglycoside, carbapenem, beta-lactam combination agents, and nitrofuran group of antibiotics may be the optimal first-line empirical therapies for uropathogens in hospitalized renal disease patients. Regular surveillance of resistance patterns and the study of biofilm formation in uropathogens are important for effective management of the patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACY AND THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sudip Chakraborty, Georgio Katsifis, Iman Roohani, Cyrille Boyer, David McKenzie, Mark D. P. Willcox, Renxun Chen, Naresh Kumar
Summary: This study demonstrates the efficacy of an antibacterial polymer as a coating material for hydroxyapatite and glass surfaces, which are widely used in orthopedics and biomedical sciences. Both physical and covalent attachment modes of the polymer to the material surfaces were explored. The modified surfaces showed significant antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacterium E. coli, and the activity persisted for a prolonged period on the covalently modified materials' surfaces.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Floriana Cappiello, Sudhir Verma, Xiao Lin, Isabel Y. Moreno, Bruno Casciaro, Debarun Dutta, Alison M. McDermott, Mark Willcox, Vivien J. Coulson-Thomas, Maria Luisa Mangoni
Summary: The corneal epithelium is essential for both vision and immune defense. Corneal abrasion can lead to severe eye infections, but recent research has discovered peptides that not only treat keratitis but also promote corneal wound healing, which could have potential clinical applications.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Shakeel Shahzad, Mark D. P. Willcox, Binod Rayamajhee
Summary: The global rise in antibiotic resistance in bacteria has become a major challenge in treating infectious diseases. This literature review aims to decipher the evolving mechanisms of resistance to polymyxins among clinically significant pathogens. Understanding these mechanisms may help develop suitable methods for detecting polymyxin resistance determinants and the development of novel antimicrobial molecules.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Umme Laila Urmi, Samuel Attard, Ajay Kumar Vijay, Mark D. P. Willcox, Naresh Kumar, Salequl Islam, Rajesh Kuppusamy
Summary: The development of potent antiviral agents is crucial for combating viral infections worldwide. In this study, the antiviral potential of 17 peptidomimetic compounds was evaluated against MHV-1 and HSV-1. Compounds 11 and 14 showed the most potent inhibitory effects, and they were found to directly influence the viral envelope. These findings suggest that peptidomimetic compounds could offer a new approach for the development of potent antiviral agents.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zeyu Shao, Karen Hakobyan, Jiangtao Xu, Renxun Chen, Naresh Kumar, Mark Willcox, Edgar H. H. Wong
Summary: This study reports the development of a smart antimicrobial polymer that can be activated under UV light to exhibit antimicrobial activity. The polymer showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects against multidrug-resistant bacteria, as well as the ability to disrupt bacterial membranes and kill biofilms. Furthermore, the polymer effectively killed cancer cells, demonstrating its potential in cancer therapy.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
He-Yan Li, Li Dong, Xu-Han Shi, Rui-Heng Zhang, Wen-Da Zhou, Hao-Tian Wu, Chu-Yao Yu, Yi-Tong Li, Yi-Fan Li, Jost B. Jonas, Wen-Bin Wei, Yue-Ming Liu
Summary: This study aimed to examine the intraocular tolerability of cetuximab when applied intravitreally, and its effect on axial elongation. The results showed that intravitreal injections of cetuximab could reduce axial elongation in a dose-dependent and number of treatment-dependent manner, without causing intraocular toxic effects.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
James D. Cole, John A. McDaniel, Joelle Nilak, Ashley Ban, Carlos Rodriguez, Zuhaad Hameed, Marta Grannonico, Peter A. Netland, Hu Yang, Ignacio Provencio, Xiaorong Liu
Summary: Aniridia is a panocular condition characterized by the loss of iris, caused mainly by mutations in the PAX6 gene. This study assessed the effects of Pax6-haploinsufficiency on retinal morphology and vision in Pax6Sey mice. The results showed elevated intraocular pressure and declining visual acuity in Pax6Sey mice, along with local retinal damage and a possible neuroinflammatory response.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
Subao Jiang, Ning Xia, Francesco Buonfiglio, Elsa W. Boehm, Qi Tang, Norbert Pfeiffer, Dominik Olinger, Huige Li, Adrian Gericke
Summary: This study found that a high-fat diet induces endothelial dysfunction in the ophthalmic artery, leading to impaired vascular function in the eye. The high-fat diet triggers oxidative stress and involves RAGE and NOX2.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
Review
Ophthalmology
Mala Upadhyay, Vera L. Bonilha
Summary: The sodium iodate (NaIO3) model is a valuable tool in studying dry AMD and evaluating the retinal structure. Through extensive research, it has been found that the death of RPE cells caused by NaIO3 injection is closely related to vision loss in patients with dry AMD. Therefore, studying NaIO3 can provide insights into the mechanisms of RPE and photoreceptor cell death and contribute to understanding RPE degeneration in AMD.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
Vicki Chrysostomou, Katharina C. Bell, Sze Woei Ng, Samyuktha Suresh, Gayathri Karthik, Marion Millet, Yingying Chung, Jonathan G. Crowston
Summary: We present a new experimental model for inducing retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dysfunction and degeneration in mice. This model allows for the reliable induction of RGC dysfunction and loss, with the resilience of the optic nerve being dependent on the age of the animal. The time-defined nature of the functional and structural changes observed in this model will facilitate the study of glial responses and the evaluation of neuroprotective treatments after intraocular pressure (IOP) injury.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
