Article
Ophthalmology
Fabian A. Braeu, Thanadet Chuangsuwanich, Tin A. Tun, Shamira Perera, Rahat Husain, Alexandre H. Thiery, Tin Aung, George Barbastathis, Michael J. A. Girard
Summary: Using artificial intelligence techniques, the study aims to assess the robustness of the optic nerve head (ONH) by analyzing biomechanical knowledge through optical coherence tomography (OCT). Three AI algorithms were compared to predict ONH robustness and the DGCNN algorithm outperformed the others. The study suggests that ONH robustness can be assessed from a single OCT scan, providing potential insights into identifying fast visual field loss progressors.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lei Guo, Jun Tao, Yang Tong, Shichao Chen, Xin Zhao, Rui Hua
Summary: This study investigated the morphological and vascular characteristics of the optic nerve head (ONH) in normal guinea pigs using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). The results showed significant differences in refractive error, intraocular pressure (IOP), and circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (cpRNFL) thickness between the 3-week and 4-week groups. There were no significant differences in vascular characteristics between the two groups, but a positive correlation was found between total vessel length and cpRNFL thickness, and a negative correlation was found between total vessel length and IOP.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Ziyi Zhu, Susannah Waxman, Bo Wang, Jacob Wallace, Samantha E. Schmitt, Elizabeth Tyler-Kabara, Hiroshi Ishikawa, Joel S. Schuman, Matthew A. Smith, Gadi Wollstein, Ian A. Sigal
Summary: The study found that changes in IOP and ICP significantly deformed the scleral canal and lamina of the monkey ONH. There were individualized responses to pressure manipulation between eyes, and significant interactions between the effects of IOP and ICP on LC depth, BMO area, aspect ratio and planarity. Overall, elevating both pressures did not cancel out the effects in most eyes.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Golnoush Mahmoudinezhad, Mark Lin, Alessandro Rabiolo, Esteban Morales, Pradtana Hirunpatravong, Farideh Sharifipour, Joseph Caprioli
Summary: The presence of an acquired pit of the optic nerve in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma is associated with fast rates of visual field decay. Identifying patients with this condition may indicate a need for aggressive treatment to slow down the progression of their glaucoma.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Diana C. Lozano, Hari Jayaram, William O. Cepurna, Shandiz Tehrani, Lina Gao, Suzanne S. Fei, Dongseok Choi, Elaine C. Johnson, John C. Morrison
Summary: The purpose of this study was to clarify the gene expression responses in the optic nerve head (ONH) associated with single exposure to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in relation to chronic models of elevated IOP. The findings showed that the gene expression changed over time in the PT-CEI model, including upregulation of defense response, cell cycle, and immune response-related genes. These results contribute to a better understanding of optic nerve damage.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Cyril Fabian Simmen, Fabienne Catherine Fierz, Lars Michels, Njoud Aldusary, Klara Landau, Marco Piccirelli, Ghislaine Lieselotte Traber
Summary: This study quantitatively assessed the volume loss of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in patients with postgeniculate lesions using a newly developed magnetic resonance imaging protocol, and found a correlation between LGN volume decrease and ganglion cell layer thickness reduction.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Sachin Kedar, Junfei Tong, John Bader, Shane Havens, Shan Fan, William Thorell, Carl Nelson, Linxia Gu, Robin High, Vikas Gulati, Deepta Ghate
Summary: The study found that acute changes in CSFP/ICP did not have a significant effect on ONH morphological parameters in both humans and pigs, suggesting compensatory and opposing changes in IOP and CSFP/ICP may contribute to the lack of measurable morphological changes in the ONH.
CURRENT EYE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Christa Mueller-Axt, Cornelius Eichner, Henriette Rusch, Louise Kauffmann, Pierre-Louis Bazin, Alfred Anwander, Markus Morawski, Katharina von Kriegstein
Summary: This study demonstrates that quantitative MRI methods can be used to assess the microstructural features of the human lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and its subdivisions, providing insights into the functional and structural characteristics of the LGN in humans.
Article
Biology
Ji Won Bang, Carlos Parra, Kevin Yu, Gadi Wollstein, Joel S. Schuman, Kevin C. Chan
Summary: Reduced GABA in the visual cortex of glaucoma patients is shown to be tightly linked to disruption of stimulus-specific neural representations. Our study reveals that both GABA and glutamate levels decrease with increasing glaucoma severity regardless of age among older adults. Furthermore, we found that the reduction of GABA but not glutamate predicts the neural specificity in glaucoma, independent of retina structure impairments, age, and the gray matter volume of the visual cortex. Our results suggest that targeting GABA could improve the neural specificity in glaucoma.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elizabeth Kimball, Julie Schaub, Sarah Quillen, Casey Keuthan, Mary Ellen Pease, Arina Korneva, Harry Quigley
Summary: The study found that the lack of aquaporin 4 does not have a protective or detrimental effect on the response to intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation. The minimal presence of aquaporin 4 in the unmyelinated optic nerve may be a crucial aspect of the regionally specific phenotype of astrocytes in the mouse optic nerve head.
Article
Neurosciences
Norihiro Takakuwa, Kaoru Isa, Hirotaka Onoe, Jun Takahashi, Tadashi Isa
Summary: Blindsight is a phenomenon where some patients can respond to visual stimuli in their lesion-affected visual field even after damage to the primary visual cortex (V1). The study used pharmacological inactivation of the pulvinar and LGN to clarify their roles in a simple visually guided saccades task, finding that both regions play key roles in performing the task after V1 lesioning.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Casey J. Keuthan, Julie A. Schaub, Meihan Wei, Weixiang Fang, Sarah Quillen, Elizabeth Kimball, Thomas V. Johnson, Hongkai Ji, Donald J. Zack, Harry A. Quigley
Summary: The level of intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for glaucomatous optic neuropathy. This study found that the unmyelinated optic nerve region is differentially susceptible to IOP-induced damage compared to the myelinated region. Gene expression patterns in the unmyelinated optic nerve showed significant differences compared to the myelinated optic nerve and retina. Changes in gene expression induced by optic nerve injury were more extensive in the myelinated region than the unmyelinated region.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Diana Marcela Munoz Sarmiento, Oscar Libardo Rodriguez Montano, Juan David Alarcon Castiblanco, Carlos Julio Cortes Rodriguez
Summary: This study compared the effects of intraocular pressure (IOP) and horizontal eye movements on optic nerve head (ONH) strains by using a tridimensional finite element model. The results showed no significant differences in lamina cribrosa (LC) strains between eye rotation and IOP variation. However, LC strains varied after a 12 degrees duction and after the IOP reached 12 mmHg. Furthermore, lateral eye movements caused significant strain dispersion inside ONH subregions, which was not observed with increased IOP. Tissue stiffness and the subarachnoid space (SAS) also influenced ONH strains during eye movements and ocular hypertension. In conclusion, the biomechanical effects of horizontal eye movements and IOP on the ONH are distinct, suggesting a limited role of eye movements in glaucoma development.
Article
Neurosciences
Gubbi Govindaiah, Michael A. Fox, William Guido
Summary: The ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN) is involved in complex visual behaviors, and the external subdivision (vLGNe) and internal subdivision (vLGNi) have different characteristics. This study found that neurons in vLGNe receive convergent input from the retina and cortical layer V, while neurons in vLGNi only respond to cortical layer V input.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Youichi Shinozaki, Alex Leung, Kazuhiko Namekata, Sei Saitoh, Huy Bang Nguyen, Akiko Takeda, Yosuke Danjo, Yosuke M. Morizawa, Eiji Shigetomi, Fumikazu Sano, Nozomu Yoshioka, Hirohide Takebayashi, Nobuhiko Ohno, Takahiro Segawa, Kunio Miyake, Kenji Kashiwagi, Takayuki Harada, Shin-ichi Ohnuma, Schuichi Koizumi
Summary: Loss of ABCA1 in retinal astrocytes causes glaucoma-like optic neuropathy in aged mice, leading to retinal ganglion cell degeneration and ocular dysfunction.
Article
Ophthalmology
He-Yan Li, Li Dong, Xu-Han Shi, Rui-Heng Zhang, Wen-Da Zhou, Hao-Tian Wu, Chu-Yao Yu, Yi-Tong Li, Yi-Fan Li, Jost B. Jonas, Wen-Bin Wei, Yue-Ming Liu
Summary: This study aimed to examine the intraocular tolerability of cetuximab when applied intravitreally, and its effect on axial elongation. The results showed that intravitreal injections of cetuximab could reduce axial elongation in a dose-dependent and number of treatment-dependent manner, without causing intraocular toxic effects.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
James D. Cole, John A. McDaniel, Joelle Nilak, Ashley Ban, Carlos Rodriguez, Zuhaad Hameed, Marta Grannonico, Peter A. Netland, Hu Yang, Ignacio Provencio, Xiaorong Liu
Summary: Aniridia is a panocular condition characterized by the loss of iris, caused mainly by mutations in the PAX6 gene. This study assessed the effects of Pax6-haploinsufficiency on retinal morphology and vision in Pax6Sey mice. The results showed elevated intraocular pressure and declining visual acuity in Pax6Sey mice, along with local retinal damage and a possible neuroinflammatory response.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
Subao Jiang, Ning Xia, Francesco Buonfiglio, Elsa W. Boehm, Qi Tang, Norbert Pfeiffer, Dominik Olinger, Huige Li, Adrian Gericke
Summary: This study found that a high-fat diet induces endothelial dysfunction in the ophthalmic artery, leading to impaired vascular function in the eye. The high-fat diet triggers oxidative stress and involves RAGE and NOX2.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
Review
Ophthalmology
Mala Upadhyay, Vera L. Bonilha
Summary: The sodium iodate (NaIO3) model is a valuable tool in studying dry AMD and evaluating the retinal structure. Through extensive research, it has been found that the death of RPE cells caused by NaIO3 injection is closely related to vision loss in patients with dry AMD. Therefore, studying NaIO3 can provide insights into the mechanisms of RPE and photoreceptor cell death and contribute to understanding RPE degeneration in AMD.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
Vicki Chrysostomou, Katharina C. Bell, Sze Woei Ng, Samyuktha Suresh, Gayathri Karthik, Marion Millet, Yingying Chung, Jonathan G. Crowston
Summary: We present a new experimental model for inducing retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dysfunction and degeneration in mice. This model allows for the reliable induction of RGC dysfunction and loss, with the resilience of the optic nerve being dependent on the age of the animal. The time-defined nature of the functional and structural changes observed in this model will facilitate the study of glial responses and the evaluation of neuroprotective treatments after intraocular pressure (IOP) injury.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)