Article
Neurosciences
Norihiro Takakuwa, Kaoru Isa, Hirotaka Onoe, Jun Takahashi, Tadashi Isa
Summary: Blindsight is a phenomenon where some patients can respond to visual stimuli in their lesion-affected visual field even after damage to the primary visual cortex (V1). The study used pharmacological inactivation of the pulvinar and LGN to clarify their roles in a simple visually guided saccades task, finding that both regions play key roles in performing the task after V1 lesioning.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Prayerna Uppal, William P. Madigan, Jonathan Murnick, Jeffrey Strelzik, Dana Harrar
Summary: We present a case of a 13-year-old female with influenza who developed vision loss due to retinal and lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) infarctions. Her left eye remained with near-total vision loss even after 3.5 years. This case is the second reported instance of bilateral retinal and LGN infarctions associated with influenza. The mechanism of infarction is still unknown, but it is crucial to recognize this condition and provide appropriate counseling to patients as visual recovery may be poor.
PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ubadah Sabbagh, Gubbi Govindaiah, Rachana D. Somaiya, Ryan Ha, Jessica C. Wei, William Guido, Michael A. Fox
Summary: This study identified novel neuronal cell types in mouse vLGN using various techniques, revealing distinct GABAergic cell types in different laminae of vLGN. The results suggest that the subtype-specific laminar distribution of retinorecipient cells in vLGNe may play a crucial role in receiving, processing, and transmitting light-derived signals in parallel channels of the subcortical visual system.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Anna Pankowska, Sylwester Matwiejczuk, Paulina Koziol, Tomasz Zarnowski, Radoslaw Pietura, Ewa Kosior-Jarecka
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the central visual pathways during different stages of bilateral normal-tension glaucoma. The results showed that the grey matter thickness increased in the V1 region with more-advanced glaucoma stages, which may indicate compensatory hypertrophy. Additionally, the early affected regions in glaucoma included the right lateral occipital gyrus and left lingual gyrus.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Christa Mueller-Axt, Cornelius Eichner, Henriette Rusch, Louise Kauffmann, Pierre-Louis Bazin, Alfred Anwander, Markus Morawski, Katharina von Kriegstein
Summary: This study demonstrates that quantitative MRI methods can be used to assess the microstructural features of the human lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and its subdivisions, providing insights into the functional and structural characteristics of the LGN in humans.
Article
Neurosciences
Gubbi Govindaiah, Michael A. Fox, William Guido
Summary: The ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN) is involved in complex visual behaviors, and the external subdivision (vLGNe) and internal subdivision (vLGNi) have different characteristics. This study found that neurons in vLGNe receive convergent input from the retina and cortical layer V, while neurons in vLGNi only respond to cortical layer V input.
Article
Neurosciences
Hiroki Oishi, Hiromasa Takemura, Kaoru Amano
Summary: This article presents a method for identifying subdivisions of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) using structural magnetic resonance imaging. The validity of the method was confirmed by comparing it with histological data and functional magnetic resonance imaging measurements, as well as analyzing test-retest reliability. The findings suggest that this method is promising for evaluating tissue properties of LGN subdivisions in living humans, enabling further research in neuroscience and clinical applications.
Article
Ophthalmology
James R. Tribble, Eirini Kokkali, Amin Otmani, Flavia Plastino, Emma Lardner, Rupali Vohra, Miriam Kolko, Helder Andre, James E. Morgan, Pete A. Williams
Summary: Animal models of glaucoma show that unilateral or bilateral ocular hypertensive glaucoma can lead to increased neuroinflammatory responses, with more marked effects in animals with bilateral glaucoma. Unilateral glaucoma can also activate microglia in the contralateral eye, indicating the need for caution when using the contralateral eye as a control. Neuroinflammatory protein responses identified in this study may serve as potential disease-modifiable targets.
TRANSLATIONAL VISION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Federico Verde, Ilaria Milone, Alessio Maranzano, Eleonora Colombo, Silvia Torre, Federica Solca, Alberto Doretti, Francesco Gentile, Arianna Manini, Ruggero Bonetti, Silvia Peverelli, Stefano Messina, Luca Maderna, Claudia Morelli, Barbara Poletti, Antonia Ratti, Vincenzo Silani, Nicola Ticozzi
Summary: This study compared the levels of GFAP in ALS patients and healthy controls and found a moderate correlation between GFAP and age in both groups. ALS patients had higher levels of GFAP, which were not associated with most motor phenotypic features, but were closely related to cognitive scores, eye movement abnormalities, and polysomnographic indices. GFAP was negatively associated with survival and estimated glomerular filtration rate.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Claire Hippert, Anna B. Graca, Mark Basche, Aikaterini A. Kalargyrou, Anastasios Georgiadis, Joana Ribeiro, Ayako Matsuyama, Nozie Aghaizu, James W. Bainbridge, Alexander J. Smith, Robin R. Ali, Rachael A. Pearson
Summary: Gliosis is a complex process involving upregulation of IF proteins, changes in glial morphology, and increased deposition of inhibitory ECM molecules. Through RNAi approaches, it was found that GFAP and vimentin play crucial roles in the establishment of glial hypertrophy during disease progression. Suppression of both proteins led to severe changes in the retina's cytoarchitecture, suggesting potential therapeutic implications for modulating scar formation.
Article
Neurosciences
Irem Yildirim, Keith A. Schneider
Summary: Perception alternates between two different stimuli presented to each eye in binocular rivalry. The study found that activity in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is correlated with perception during binocular rivalry, suggesting that perception occurs in the LGN and is not limited to a single information channel.
Article
Neurosciences
Donghoon Shin, Kayla Peelman, Anthony D. Lien, Joseph Del Rosario, Bilal Haider
Summary: Research suggests that narrowband gamma (NBG) oscillations (50-70Hz) play a role in coordinating spike timing and facilitating communication across brain areas in the awake mouse visual system, enhancing functional connectivity and visual responses. These oscillations may help in the perception of distinct visual features.
Article
Ophthalmology
Hai-Jian Hu, Yi-Li Chang, Yang -Yang Dai, Yu -Lin Yu, Xu Zhang
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the volume and height of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in glaucoma patients using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A meta-analysis of 10 cross-sectional studies showed that compared to control subjects, the volume and height of LGN in glaucoma patients measured by MRI were significantly reduced. Subgroup analysis revealed that the differences in LGN volume and height were smaller in the older group compared to the younger group, and LGN volume decreased with increasing glaucoma severity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Zhichao Yan, Huanquan Liao, Caibin Deng, Yun Zhong, Tasneem Zareen Mayeesa, Yehong Zhuo
Summary: DNA oxidative damage and various repair processes occur in neurons of the LGN, V1, and V2 in the glaucoma model, resulting in the death of LGN neurons.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Kacie Dougherty, Brock M. Carlson, Michele A. Cox, Jacob A. Westerberg, Wolf Zinke, Michael C. Schmid, Paul R. Martin, Alexander Maier
Summary: The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in the brain receives outputs from both eyes, with most neurons being activated by stimulation from one dominant eye. Previous work has shown binocular modulation in monkeys when luminance differences are introduced or with single-contrast stimuli. The study found that LGN neurons of all types were significantly suppressed when stimuli were presented at low contrast to the dominant eye and high contrast to the non-dominant eye, indicating antagonistic interaction between the inputs of the two eyes.
Article
Ophthalmology
He-Yan Li, Li Dong, Xu-Han Shi, Rui-Heng Zhang, Wen-Da Zhou, Hao-Tian Wu, Chu-Yao Yu, Yi-Tong Li, Yi-Fan Li, Jost B. Jonas, Wen-Bin Wei, Yue-Ming Liu
Summary: This study aimed to examine the intraocular tolerability of cetuximab when applied intravitreally, and its effect on axial elongation. The results showed that intravitreal injections of cetuximab could reduce axial elongation in a dose-dependent and number of treatment-dependent manner, without causing intraocular toxic effects.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
James D. Cole, John A. McDaniel, Joelle Nilak, Ashley Ban, Carlos Rodriguez, Zuhaad Hameed, Marta Grannonico, Peter A. Netland, Hu Yang, Ignacio Provencio, Xiaorong Liu
Summary: Aniridia is a panocular condition characterized by the loss of iris, caused mainly by mutations in the PAX6 gene. This study assessed the effects of Pax6-haploinsufficiency on retinal morphology and vision in Pax6Sey mice. The results showed elevated intraocular pressure and declining visual acuity in Pax6Sey mice, along with local retinal damage and a possible neuroinflammatory response.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
Subao Jiang, Ning Xia, Francesco Buonfiglio, Elsa W. Boehm, Qi Tang, Norbert Pfeiffer, Dominik Olinger, Huige Li, Adrian Gericke
Summary: This study found that a high-fat diet induces endothelial dysfunction in the ophthalmic artery, leading to impaired vascular function in the eye. The high-fat diet triggers oxidative stress and involves RAGE and NOX2.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
Review
Ophthalmology
Mala Upadhyay, Vera L. Bonilha
Summary: The sodium iodate (NaIO3) model is a valuable tool in studying dry AMD and evaluating the retinal structure. Through extensive research, it has been found that the death of RPE cells caused by NaIO3 injection is closely related to vision loss in patients with dry AMD. Therefore, studying NaIO3 can provide insights into the mechanisms of RPE and photoreceptor cell death and contribute to understanding RPE degeneration in AMD.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
Vicki Chrysostomou, Katharina C. Bell, Sze Woei Ng, Samyuktha Suresh, Gayathri Karthik, Marion Millet, Yingying Chung, Jonathan G. Crowston
Summary: We present a new experimental model for inducing retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dysfunction and degeneration in mice. This model allows for the reliable induction of RGC dysfunction and loss, with the resilience of the optic nerve being dependent on the age of the animal. The time-defined nature of the functional and structural changes observed in this model will facilitate the study of glial responses and the evaluation of neuroprotective treatments after intraocular pressure (IOP) injury.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)