Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Harkanwalpreet Sodhi, Alyssa Panitch
Summary: Glycosaminoglycans play a crucial role in tissue engineering by driving stem cell fate and promoting cell proliferation, and recent studies have explored their use in tissue constructs. The research trends in this area are evaluated, providing insights into future directions.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kiranjit K. Bains, Sean Ashworth, Elena Koudouna, Robert D. Young, Clare E. Hughes, Andrew J. Quantock
Summary: Chondroitin sulphate (CS) proteoglycans, which are closely associated with the stem cell niche of articular cartilage, were found to be present in the subepithelial corneal stroma and nearby ossicles in the adult chicken cornea. When cultivated on CS/dermatan sulphate (DS)-coated dishes, corneal stromal cells exhibited a less-differentiated phenotype and expressed stem cell markers. These findings suggest that CS/DS may play a role in maintaining a stem cell phenotype in corneal cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Catherine L. R. Merry
Summary: In times of difficulty, reading and research can bring solace, even without face-to-face interaction.
JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Ennemoser, Alexandra Pum, Andreas Kungl
Summary: This review investigates the connection between modifications of GAG sulfation patterns and a wide range of pathological conditions, mainly focusing on a range of chronic diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) as well as the respiratory tract.
CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kornelia Kuznik-Trocha, Katarzyna Winsz-Szczotka, Katarzyna Komosinska-Vassev, Agnieszka Jura-Poltorak, Adrian Miara, Przemyslaw Kotyla, Krystyna Olczyk
Summary: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic connective tissue disease characterized by immune system dysfunction, vasculopathy, and progressive fibrosis. This study aimed to quantify different types of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the blood and urine of SSc patients. The study found elevated levels of GAGs in plasma and urine of SSc patients compared to healthy subjects, indicating their potential as markers for disease progression and early renal dysfunction diagnosis.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Fredrik Noborn, Mahnaz Nikpour, Andrea Persson, Jonas Nilsson, Goran Larson
Summary: Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans are a type of proteoglycan found on cell surfaces and in connective tissues, interacting with proteins involved in various pathophysiological processes. Recent advances in glycoproteomic methods have allowed for the identification of numerous novel chondroitin sulfate core proteins and attachment sites in humans and animal models, revealing greater structural complexity of CSPGs than previously perceived. These findings may challenge traditional notions of defining proteoglycans based on function or structural evidence.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Gaia Pellegatta, Benedetto Mangiavillano, Rossella Semeraro, Francesco Auriemma, Elisa Carlani, Alessandro Fugazza, Edoardo Vespa, Alessandro Repici
Summary: Extraesophageal reflux symptoms are common in the Western population and their clinical management is controversial. This study evaluated a new treatment method for patients with GERD experiencing extraesophageal symptoms. The results showed that the treatment method reduced symptom frequency and severity.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Amrita Basu, Neil G. Patel, Elijah D. Nicholson, Ryan J. Weiss
Summary: Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are long polysaccharides found on the cell surface and extracellular matrix of animal cells, and play important roles in cellular processes and diseases. GAGs are complex molecules with extensive structural and functional heterogeneity, and their biosynthesis is a non-template driven process involving a group of enzymes. Due to their key roles in cell homeostasis and disease, targeting the assembly and function of GAGs is of great interest as a therapeutic approach.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rafaela Silva, Karina Biskup, Jessica Katherine Zabala-Jouvin, Clara S. Batzdorf, Caroline Stellmach, Anna S. Morr, Ingolf Sack, Antje Ludwig, Veronique Blanchard, Carmen Infante-Duarte
Summary: This study investigated the changes in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition and metabolism in the brain during neuroinflammation using a mouse model. The results showed that there were alterations in GAG metabolism during early stages of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and these changes may contribute to the progression of inflammatory disorders like multiple sclerosis (MS).
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Agnieszka Jura-Poltorak, Pawel Olczyk, Aleksandra Chalas-Lipka, Katarzyna Komosinska-Vassev, Kornelia Kuznik-Trocha, Katarzyna Winsz-Szczotka, Diana Ivanova, Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva, Katarzyna Krysik, Alicja Telega, Krystyna Olczyk
Summary: This study analyzed the pattern of urinary excretion of total sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and their particular types in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with metformin. The results showed that metformin therapy for six months significantly decreased the urinary excretion of total GAGs, CS/DS, and HS.
ARCHIVES OF PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Chee Wah Tan, Akshamal M. Gamage, Wee Chee Yap, Leon Jia Wei Tang, Yuan Sun, Xing-Lou Yang, Alyssa Pyke, Kaw Bing Chua, Lin-Fa Wang
Summary: This study discovered that pteropine orthoreoviruses (PRVs) may use heparan sulphate (HS), a receptor widely expressed in all cell types, as an attachment receptor for entering host cells due to its broad tissue tropism. The hypothesis was supported by experiments on multiple genetically distinct PRV species. Moreover, it was found that HS plays a crucial role in the early phase of PRV infection.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Francesca Maccari, Nicola Volpi
Summary: Chondroitin sulfate (CS) with different molecular weights was tested using uronic acid carbazole assay and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) titration, showing that the measurement values decrease with the increase of CS molecular weight. It is important to know the molecular weight values and use comparable standards before applying the assays to obtain reliable results.
ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tanya Waseem, Madiha Ahmed, Tausif Ahmed Rajput, Mustafeez Mujtaba Babar
Summary: Diabetes mellitus leads to metabolic derangements and organ damage, partially due to glycosaminoglycan (GAG) damage in the basement membrane. GAGs are polysaccharides with repeating disaccharide units and play a significant role in cellular processes. The destruction of extracellular matrix can result in various diseases in organs. GAG-based therapeutic agents are being evaluated for managing diabetic complications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Isabel Faria-Ramos, Juliana Pocas, Catarina Marques, Joao Santos-Antunes, Guilherme Macedo, Celso A. Reis, Ana Magalhaes
Summary: Heparan sulfate (HS) plays a crucial role in cancer development, impacting various aspects such as proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Due to its interaction with different ligands, HS has pleiotropic effects on important cellular receptors and downstream signaling pathways. Aberrant expression of HS can determine malignant features of tumors.
Article
Cell Biology
Ana A. Jones, Elvira Diamantopoulou, Sarah Baxendale, Tanya T. Whitfield
Summary: Epithelial morphogenesis of the zebrafish inner ear depends on the production and localization of glycosaminoglycans, particularly hyaluronan and proteoglycans, which play critical roles in epithelial projection outgrowth and otolith development.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Dermatology
Matthew J. Davis, Gokul Srinivasan, Rachael Chacko, Sophie Chen, Anish Suvarna, Louis J. Vaickus, Veronica C. Torres, Sassan Hodge, Eunice Y. Chen, Sarah Preum, Kimberley S. Samkoe, Brock C. Christensen, Matthew R. Leboeuf, Joshua J. Levy
Summary: The development and application of AI algorithms are of great significance for the removal of cSCC, as they can improve operational efficiency and accuracy, especially for moderately and poorly differentiated tumors/ neoplasms. Further improvement is needed to maintain sensitivity to surrounding tissue and determine anatomical positioning.
EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Dermatology
Lingjing Chen, Qing Yu, Feiying Guo, Xuewen Wang, Zhenying Cai, Qiang Zhou
Summary: This study investigated the role and mechanisms of NTS in stress-induced hair growth inhibition. The results demonstrated that NTS effectively counteracted hair growth inhibition caused by stress and regulated the expression of multiple genes related to hair growth at the transcriptional level.
EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY
(2024)
