Article
Immunology
Laura Miek, Paul M. Jordan, Kerstin Guenther, Simona Pace, Timo Beyer, David Kowalak, Verena Hoerr, Bettina Loeffler, Lorena Tuchscherr, Charles N. Serhan, Jana Gerstmeier, Oliver Werz
Summary: The study reveals that S. aureus infection can modulate lipid mediator pathways involved in inflammatory processes, resulting in a shift from anti-inflammatory M2-like signature profiles to pro-inflammatory M1-like signature profiles.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Yonggyun Kim, David Stanley
Summary: This paper focuses on eicosanoid signaling in insect immunology, detailing the biosynthesis, pathways, and roles in immune responses. The newly discovered insect PGs play a significant role in understanding insect immune system.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Keith M. Erikson, Kristina El-Khouri, Radmila Petric, Chenhao Tang, Jinlan Chen, Delicia Esther Cardenas Vasquez, Steve C. Fordahl, Zhenquan Jia
Summary: The effectiveness of carbon nanodots in preventing brain lipid peroxidation was evaluated in this study. The results showed that carbon nanodots performed well in preventing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, without any negative effects on normal mice. This suggests that carbon nanodots may be a safe and effective nanomaterial for combating the harmful effects caused by lipid peroxidation.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kieran F. Scott, Timothy J. Mann, Shadma Fatima, Mila Sajinovic, Anshuli Razdan, Ryung Rae Kim, Adam Cooper, Aflah Roohullah, Katherine J. Bryant, Kasuni K. Gamage, David G. Harman, Fatemeh Vafaee, Garry G. Graham, W. Bret Church, Pamela J. Russell, Qihan Dong, Paul de Souza
Summary: The article provides an overview of the research history of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) enzymes, emphasizing their role in inflammatory responses. It points out the lack of success in research on group IIA sPLA(2) and the absence of clinically approved targeted drugs. Future research efforts need to focus on the characteristics of enzyme function and develop functionally-selective and isoform-selective inhibitors.
Article
Immunology
Johanna von Gerichten, Annette L. West, Nicola A. Irvine, Elizabeth A. Miles, Philip C. Calder, Karen A. Lillycrop, Graham C. Burdge, Barbara A. Fielding
Summary: Immune function changes with age, and oxylipin synthesis might mediate these changes. This study investigated the impact of essential fatty acid (EFA) ratio on oxylipin secretion by T cells and whether this changes across life stages. The results showed that the EFA ratio influenced the extracellular oxylipin profile more than mitogen stimulation, and fetal T cells had higher oxylipin concentrations compared to adult and senior T cells. The capacity of T cells to synthesize oxylipins might contribute to their immunological phenotype.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Makoto Murakami, Rina Takamiya, Yoshimi Miki, Nao Sugimoto, Yuki Nagasaki, Toshiko Suzuki-Yamamoto, Yoshitaka Taketomi
Summary: Among the phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) superfamily, cPLA(2)α and cPLA(2)ε catalyze distinct enzymatic reactions to regulate different sets of lipid mediators, thereby playing different roles in health and disease.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alberto Canfran-Duque, Oscar Pastor, David Garcia-Seisdedos, Yessenia L. Molina, Bohdan Babiy, Milagros Lerma, Carmen Sanchez-Castellano, Javier Martinez-Botas, Diego Gomez-Coronado, Miguel A. Lasuncion, Alfonso J. Cruz-Jentoft, Rebeca Busto
Summary: After treatment with risperidone, levels of certain lipids in PBMCs of older patients decreased, while lipid raft domains in the plasma membrane were disrupted, potentially affecting multiple signaling pathways associated with these membrane domains.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jesper Safholm, Willem Abma, Jielu Liu, David Balgoma, Alexander Fauland, Johan Kolmert, Craig E. Wheelock, Mikael Adner, Sven-Erik Dahlen
Summary: The study revealed the mechanism by which COX inhibition increases antigen-induced responses in airways. Challenge with OVA increased the release of prostaglandins and thromboxanes, and COX inhibition resulted in increased release of mast cell mediators and enhanced bronchoconstriction.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Fumie Nakashima, Takashi Suzuki, Odaine N. Gordon, Dominic Golding, Toshiaki Okuno, Juan A. Gimenez-Bastida, Takehiko Yokomizo, Claus Schneider
Summary: The collaboration between COX-2 and 5-LOX can convert arachidonic acid into unique prostaglandins. The unstable 5-OH-PGE(2) and 5-OH-PGD(2) can be detected in activated leukocytes after reduction to stable products.
Article
Immunology
Ann-Marie Maier, Karsten Huth, Francesca Alessandrini, Benjamin Schnautz, Anela Arifovic, Fabien Riols, Mark Haid, Anja Koegler, Katrin Sameith, Carsten B. B. Schmidt-Weber, Julia Esser-von-Bieren, Caspar Ohnmacht
Summary: Allergic inflammation of the airways, such as allergic asthma, is a significant global health problem. Macrophages play a crucial role in regulating lipid mediators involved in allergic airway inflammation. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) controls the transcriptional regulation of enzymes involved in lipid mediator synthesis in macrophages, including the prostaglandin and leukotriene pathway. Deficiency or inhibition of AhR activity results in decreased synthesis of prostanoids and cysteinyl leukotrienes, contributing to the aggravation of allergic airway inflammation. These findings highlight the essential role of AhR-dependent eicosanoid regulation in macrophages during homeostasis and inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
James F. Markworth, Kristoffer B. Sugg, Dylan C. Sarver, Krishna Rao Maddipati, Susan V. Brooks
Summary: This study found that tendon overuse can lead to a delayed and prolonged local inflammatory response, characterized by an increase in pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and a relative lack of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Amina Khatun, Daniel L. E. Waters, Lei Liu
Summary: Lipids have a negative impact on the digestion of rice starch, particularly lysophospholipids. Removing lipids from rice increases starch digestibility, while adding lipids decreases it. Different lipids have varying degrees of effect on starch digestibility, with LPC16:0 being the most abundant. Modifying the lipid composition or adding specific lipids before cooking rice can alter starch digestibility.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Astrid S. Kahnt, Carlo Angioni, Tamara Goebel, Bettina Hofmann, Jessica Roos, Svenja D. Steinbrink, Florian Roersch, Dominique Thomas, Gerd Geisslinger, Kai Zacharowski, Sabine Groesch, Dieter Steinhilber, Thorsten J. Maier
Summary: 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitors show compound-specific pharmacological effects and their efficacy may involve the inhibition of prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) export. Experimental models on the role of 5-LO in inflammation and pain using these inhibitors may be misleading, and their use as pharmacological tools needs to be reevaluated. Additionally, 5-LO inhibitors may serve as new scaffolds for the development of potent prostaglandin export inhibitors.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Roger G. Biringer
Summary: Prostaglandin signaling plays a crucial role in regulating various biological processes, from blood pressure homeostasis to inflammation, pain perception, and cell survival. Disruption of normal prostanoid signaling is associated with numerous disease states and is facilitated by G-protein-coupled receptors and associated G-proteins. This review focuses on the expression, regulation, and mechanism of action of prostanoid receptors, particularly in human isoforms.
JOURNAL OF CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Baptiste Buisseret, Owein Guillemot-Legris, Youssef Ben Kouidar, Adrien Paquot, Giulio G. Muccioli, Mireille Alhouayek
Summary: Pain is a cardinal sign of inflammation, with prostaglandins being major bioactive lipids involved in this process. The enzyme COX-2 not only synthesizes prostaglandins, but also metabolizes endocannabinoids to produce derivatives that may play a role in nociception. Further research on these endocannabinoid metabolites may provide insights into inflammatory pain mechanisms.