Article
Environmental Sciences
Dongyoung Lim, Jaeseong Jeong, Kyung Seuk Song, Jae Hyuck Sung, Seung Min Oh, Jinhee Choi
Summary: Through a 14-day inhalation exposure experiment on rats, significant alterations were observed on various physiological, hematological, and respiratory function markers under exposure to micro(nano)plastics. Additionally, an exposure concentration-dependent increase in inflammatory proteins in lung tissue was found. These results suggest that the health risks of inhalation-exposed micro(nano)plastics should not be overlooked, as molecular level alterations may lead to subsequent effects at higher levels.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jessica R. Deere, Summer Streets, Mark D. Jankowski, Mark Ferrey, Yvette Chenaux-Ibrahim, Matteo Convertino, E. J. Isaac, Nicholas B. D. Phelps, Alexander Primus, Joseph L. Servadio, Randall S. Singer, Dominic A. Travis, Moored Seth, Tiffany M. Wolf
Summary: The study aimed to prioritize the chemical hazards of 117 CECs detected in subsistence species and freshwater ecosystems, with the goal of informing future monitoring, assessment, and potential remediation in the study region. The study identified high priority CECs in water, sediment, and fish samples, recommending future monitoring based on the prioritization method used. The application of a chemical hazard prioritization process was presented, with potential for adaptation to meet the objectives of other management-related assessments.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Elvira Rudin, Juliane Gluege, Martin Scheringer
Summary: The EU is planning to restrict the manufacture, placing on the market and use of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) as a class. However, the currently available data on registered PFASs under REACH are not sufficient to identify those that are persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) or very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB). The planned PFASs restriction will be important for a more effective regulation of these substances.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Editorial Material
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Yong Hyun Chung, Mary Gulumian, Richard C. C. Pleus, Il Je Yu
Summary: The OECD test guidelines for animal experiments are important in evaluating chemical hazards, especially when the good laboratory practice principle is applied, to reduce duplication of toxicity testing and ensure mutual acceptance of data. The OECD inhalation toxicity test guidelines have been revised to include nanomaterials and reflect recent scientific and technological developments. These guidelines aim to evaluate the toxicity of nanomaterials objectively by assessing bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Silvio Sosa, Aurelia Tubaro, Michela Carlin, Cristina Ponti, Ester Vazquez, Maurizio Prato, Marco Pelin
Summary: This study evaluated the cutaneous effects of two graphene-based materials (GBMs) and found that neither few-layer graphene (FLG) nor graphene oxide (GO) showed sensitization or irritation potential.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Otto Creutzenberg, Helena Oliveira, Lucian Farcal, Dirk Schaudien, Ana Mendes, Ana Catarina Menezes, Tatjana Tischler, Sabina Burla, Christina Ziemann
Summary: Graphene-related two-dimensional nanomaterials have promising characteristics, but their potential adverse health effects need further investigation. In this study, different graphene-related nanoplates were used to develop a screening approach for toxicological hazard assessment. The results showed that the effects of nanoplates on cells and animals varied depending on the material, cell type, concentration, and time. The study also identified lung alveolar macrophages as the most predictive in vitro model for evaluating the toxicity of graphene nanoplates.
Article
Environmental Sciences
David Spurgeon, Helen Wilkinson, Wayne Civil, Lorraine Hutt, Elena Armenise, Natalie Kieboom, Kerry Sims, Tim Besien
Summary: The Environment Agency has been using GC-MS and LC-MS to measure organic substances in water since 2009 and 2014 respectively. They use this data to rank the detected substances based on worst-case risk assessment. The approach identified both known and novel substances for further assessment.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Ksenia J. Groh, Birgit Geueke, Olwenn Martin, Maricel Maffini, Jane Muncke
Summary: Food contact materials may cause chemical contamination, and there is still limited understanding of the hazards and impacts of food contact chemicals on health and the environment. By establishing a database and evaluating hazardous substances, it was found that 1411 substances may pose similar levels of concern but have not been officially classified, indicating a significant data gap and research need in this field.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Toxicology
Mi Ho Jeong, Yubin Han, In-Sun Oh, Dong Min Kim, Dong-Won Son, Mi-Sook Jung, Hyoseon Yang, Kyuhong Lee, Ju-Young Shin, Ha Ryong Kim, Kyu Hyuck Chung
Summary: This study evaluated the transferability, reproducibility, and predictive capacity of an in vitro acute inhalation toxicity test method, showing good consistency within and between laboratories and reliability and relevance in predicting the acute toxicity of inhalable chemicals.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Enrico Mombelli, Pascal Pandard
Summary: Regulatory frameworks demand information on acute fish toxicity for environmental protection. QSAR is proposed as an alternative to in vivo testing, with OECD QSAR Toolbox proving reliable in predicting fish toxicities.
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Toxicology
Ze-Hong Wu, Yue-Song Liu, Xin-Duo Li, Te Xu, Jing Xu, Xue-Ming Yang, Ren-Qiang Ma, Xing-Tao Jiang
Summary: Through acute and subacute inhalation toxicity studies of WS-23 in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, it was found that no significant toxicity effects were observed at the experimental dose levels, with blood and biochemical parameters showing no adverse effects. In conclusion, the maximum tolerated dose for WS-23 in acute inhalation is above 340.0 mg/m(3), and the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for subacute inhalation of WS-23 was determined to be over 342.85 mg/m(3).
JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Craig A. Poland, Sue A. Hubbard, Len Levy, Carol Mackie
Summary: The study characterizes the toxicological response to repeated inhalation of two copper compounds. The results show that repeated exposure to copper compounds results in an acute cellular response with no associated pathology and which fully resolves after the cessation of exposure.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Kristin VanderMolen, Nicholas Kimutis, Benjamin J. Hatchett
Summary: An increasing number of governments are developing heat health warning systems and emergency preparedness plans to protect the public from extreme heat. However, there are concerns about the reach and effectiveness of these interventions, especially among those who are most at-risk. This study conducted focus groups to gather recommendations for improving the reach and effectiveness of heat risk education and warning messaging. The recommendations include diversifying communication channels, specifying content, and developing coordinated campaigns.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mi Seong Jo, Boo Wook Kim, Young Hun Kim, Jin Kwon Kim, Hoi Pin Kim, Jae Hoon Shin, Gun Ho Lee, Kangho Ahn, Mary Gulumian, Il Je Yu
Summary: The inhalation toxicity of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) is not well understood due to limited studies. This study examined the acute and short-term inhalation effects of CNFs on rats and found no noticeable toxicological responses. The findings suggest that CNFs do not pose significant risks in terms of inhalation toxicity.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Aalekhya Reddam, David C. Volz
Summary: Chemicals listed on California's Prop 65 pose potential risks for cancer, birth defects, or reproductive harm when detected in vehicle interiors. Among the chemicals examined, benzene and formaldehyde were prevalent in vehicle interior air, while DEHP, DBP, and TDCIPP were found in vehicle interior dust. Exceedance probabilities for cancer risks associated with benzene were highest, especially for individuals with longer commutes in traffic-congested areas. The study raises concerns about the inhalation risks of benzene and formaldehyde for people spending significant time in vehicles.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2021)