Article
Behavioral Sciences
Espen A. Sjoberg, Sergio Ramos, Gabriela E. Lopez-Tolsa, Espen Borga Johansen, Ricardo Pellon
Summary: Delay discounting involves choosing between a small, immediate reward and a larger but delayed one. People with ADHD tend to become impulsive faster as the delay between choice and larger reward gets longer. Increased delays between choice and reward affect choice preference in both humans and other animals, but other variables such as inter-trial interval's impact on discounting in animals remains largely untested.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Espen Sjoberg, H. M. Ottasen, R. G. Wilner, E. B. Johansen
Summary: This study used an animal model and found that the choice between small immediate rewards and larger delayed rewards in delay discounting tasks can be influenced by previous experience. The results showed that gradual increases in delay time can reduce discounting of delayed consequences. However, a sudden change from no delay to a long delay results in a rapid switch to choosing small immediate rewards, which is somewhat resilient to the shortening and eventual removal of the delayed larger rewards.
BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Fernanda Gonzalez-Barriga, Vladimir Orduna
Summary: Both positive and aversive delayed consequences play a crucial role in decision making. While there is extensive research on temporal discounting of positive consequences, the study of aversive consequences is limited. This study evaluated impulsive behavior in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), an animal model of ADHD, and found that choice impulsivity was similar between strains for both positive and aversive consequences. However, SHR exhibited a higher level of impulsive action compared to the control strain.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Marta Malesza, Kasper Kalinowski
Summary: This study examined the impact of Dark Triad traits on social and delay discounting through tasks involving hypothetical money choices. Results showed that individuals scoring high in psychopathy and Machiavellianism were more selfish and less willing to share, while those scoring high in narcissism were more willing to share. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between delay and social discounting.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Business
Melanie Millar, Roger M. White, Xin Zheng
Summary: This study examines the relationship between worker substance abuse and workplace fraud in medical doctors. The findings suggest that doctors engaging in substance abuse are significantly more likely to commit fraud, possibly due to the financial pressures and impaired cognitive self-regulatory mechanisms associated with substance abuse.
JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS
(2023)
Article
Toxicology
Satoru Aoki, Asuka Kaizaki-Mitsumoto, Natsumi Hattori, Satoshi Numazawa
Summary: This study investigated the effects of fetal exposure to methylphenidate on infant development and behavior in mice. The research found that this exposure might lead to ADHD-like phenotypes in offspring, which were alleviated by treatment with methylphenidate and atomoxetine. The study suggests that continuous use of methylphenidate during pregnancy could induce ADHD phenotypes in the offspring.
TOXICOLOGY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Craig J. Bryan, AnnaBelle O. Bryan
Summary: Among participants reporting suicide ideation within the past year, those with more PTSD symptoms and a past-year suicide attempt showed significantly higher discount rates, indicating a preference for immediately available rewards. This suggests that individuals with PTSD symptoms may be more vulnerable to suicidal behavior due to a tendency to prioritize immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards.
JOURNAL OF ANXIETY DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Joseph S. Bellitti, Tera L. Fazzino
Summary: The study found no significant associations between discounting of money and hyper-palatable foods (HPF) and food addiction (FA) symptoms among a general population sample. This suggests that discounting HPF may not be a key behavioral feature among individuals who endorse FA symptoms.
Article
Neurosciences
Wenchao Zhang, Guanya Li, Peter Manza, Yang Hu, Jia Wang, Ganggang Lv, Yang He, Karen M. von Deneen, Juan Yu, Yu Han, Guangbin Cui, Nora D. Volkow, Yongzhan Nie, Gang Ji, Gene-Jack Wang, Yi Zhang
Summary: Compared to individuals with normal weight, individuals with obesity show a preference for immediate rewards of food intake and are less interested in the delayed reward of healthy well-being achieved through diet management and physical activity. The greater impulsivity in individuals with obesity may be due to aberrant function and connectivity in core brain regions involved in cognitive control and reward processing.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Trambak Bhattacharyya, Shanu Shukla, Ranu Pandey
Summary: We propose an effective exponential model of delay discounting considering fluctuation in impulsivity, which is dual to the two-parameter Tsallis model of delay discounting proposed by Takahashi in 2007. Our findings demonstrate that the parameters of the model can be related to the mean and the variance of impulsivity and provide an intuitive way to explore the origin of the Tsallis distribution in a social system.
PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Luzia Jaeger Hintze, Eric Doucet, Gary S. Goldfield
Summary: This study investigates the association between reinforcing relative value (RRV) of food and impulsivity with energy intake and obesity, and finds that an increase in RRV snack is associated with less body fat loss.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Psychology
Simon T. van Baal, Jakob Hohwy, Antonio Verdejo-Garcia, Emmanouil Konstantinidis, Lukasz Walasek
Summary: In this article, the authors discuss the measurement of impulsivity and argue for the development of dynamic measures to better understand adaptive responses to environmental changes. They suggest that current methods may not generalize well to other situations and emphasize the importance of collecting contextual information.
PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Maria Kyriakidou, Maitane Caballero-Puntiverio, Jesper T. Andreasen, Morgane Thomsen
Summary: This study compared the behaviors representing two different forms of impulsivity (choice impulsivity and waiting impulsivity) in mice and found that they showed dissimilar responses to the ADHD medication atomoxetine.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Teresa Mena-Moreno, Giulia Testa, Gemma Mestre-Bach, Romina Miranda-Olivos, Rosario Granero, Fernando Fernandez-Aranda, Jose M. Menchon, Susana Jimenez-Murcia
Summary: This study investigated the impact of impulsive choice, as measured by delay discounting tasks, on treatment outcomes in patients with gambling disorders (GD). The results showed that impulsive choice was associated with GD severity and personality traits, and it also predicted a higher risk of relapses and dropout in different groups of GD patients. The findings highlight the importance of considering impulsive choice in the treatment of GD to improve treatment outcomes.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Jacob DeRosa, Keri S. Rosch, Stewart H. Mostofsky, Aki Nikolaidis
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between developmental changes in delay discounting and psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents. The findings revealed that most psychiatric disorders were associated with higher levels of delay discounting compared to neurotypical individuals, with differences in delay discounting observed across development. The study also found a link between intellectual reasoning and delay discounting, as well as an association between total household income and delay discounting. Therefore, this study provides important insights for the study of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents.
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Sarah S. Tonkin, Trevor F. Williams, Leonard J. Simms, Stephen T. Tiffany, Martin C. Mahoney, Robert A. Schnoll, Paul M. Cinciripini, Larry W. Hawk
NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Whitney D. Fosco, Keri S. Rosch, James G. Waxmonsky, William E. Pelham, Larry W. Hawk
Summary: This study found that children with ADHD who had poorer baseline cognitive function showed the greatest improvement in cognition when taking medication compared to placebo, particularly at the higher dose. On the other hand, children with stronger baseline cognition did not benefit as much from methylphenidate and did not show a dose-dependent improvement. Improvement in delay discounting was not influenced by baseline performance.
EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Robert K. Cooper, Schuyler C. Lawson, Sarah S. Tonkin, Amanda M. Ziegler, Jennifer L. Temple, Larry W. Hawk
Summary: This study showed that caffeine acutely and dose-dependently improves sustained attention among adolescents, likely due to its attention-enhancing effect. It provides a foundation for further research on the impact of chronic caffeine consumption on cognitive function during adolescence.
EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Schuyler C. Lawson, Julie C. Gass, Robert K. Cooper, Sarah S. Tonkin, Craig R. Colder, Martin C. Mahoney, Stephen T. Tiffany, Larry W. Hawk
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the effects of varenicline on laboratory measures of smoking reinforcement and food craving, showing that varenicline selectively attenuates smoking reinforcement prior to quitting, with minimal impact on food craving.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zoe Rosoff-Verbit, Erin Logue-Chamberlain, Jessica Fishman, Janet Audrain-McGovern, Larry Hawk, Martin Mahoney, Alexa Mazur, Rebecca Ashare
Summary: The study found that the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted smoking cessation attempts. Some participants reported finding it easier to quit due to concerns about the severity of COVID-19 among smokers, while others found it more difficult due to increased stress and lack of access to coping mechanisms for triggers during the pandemic.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Brittany M. Merrill, Joseph S. Raiker, Steven W. Evans, Elizabeth M. Gnagy, William E. Pelham
Summary: Children with ADHD show sustained attention deficit in the laboratory setting, but improvements in CPT performance due to stimulant medication are not necessarily linked to improvements in their behavior in naturalistic settings.
CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Xin Zhao, Traci M. Kennedy, Timothy Hayes, Elizabeth M. Gnagy, William E. Pelham, Brooke S. G. Molina
Summary: The study examined the psychometric properties of the GLF-Parent version in parents of adults with ADHD and a nonADHD comparison group, finding satisfactory internal consistency, construct validity, and known-group validity for the measurement. Further research is needed to determine the utility of the GLF across diverse settings.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Substance Abuse
Rebecca L. Ashare, E. Paul Wileyto, Erin Logue-Chamberlain, Robert Gross, Rachel F. Tyndale, Caryn Lerman, Larry W. Jr Jr Hawk, Paul Cinciripini, Tony P. George, Su Fen Lubitz, Robert Schnoll
Summary: Addressing tobacco use among HIV+ smokers is a priority, but lack of knowledge about how they respond to treatments limits effectiveness. Results show lower initial cessation and longer recovery time for HIV+ smokers compared to HIV- smokers despite effective treatment with varenicline.
PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Samantha Barney, Margaret H. Sibley, Stefany J. Coxe, Michael C. Meinzer, William E. Pelham
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a high-intensity skills-based summer intervention compared to a low-intensity intervention for adolescents with ADHD. The results showed that the high-intensity intervention had a significant effect in reducing depressive symptoms, but had no significant impact on anxiety symptoms, social problems, or self-esteem.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Sarah Tonkin, Julie Gass, Jennifer Wray, Eugene Maguin, Martin Mahoney, Craig Colder, Stephen Tiffany, Larry W. Hawk Hawk
Summary: This study evaluates the compliance of Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) over a nine-week period and examines predictors of weekly compliance rates among cigarette-using adults. The results show that EMA compliance declines linearly over the nine weeks, with morning assessments declining faster than random assessments. Compliance declines faster for younger participants, those employed full-time, and those who drop out of the study.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Robert K. Cooper Jr, Martin C. Mahoney, Stephen T. Tiffany, Craig R. Colder, Rachel F. Tyndale, Larry W. Hawk Jr
Summary: People who metabolize nicotine more quickly are generally less successful at quitting smoking, but the mechanisms linking nicotine metabolism to smoking reinforcement and craving are unclear. This study found that in a sample of adults seeking to quit smoking, higher metabolism rate was not associated with greater smoking reinforcement or craving.
NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Adam C. Ferkin, Sarah S. Tonkin, Eugene Maguin, Martin C. Mahoney, Craig R. Colder, Stephen T. Tiffany, Larry W. Hawk
Summary: This study evaluated treatment outcome expectancies (TOEs) in a smoking cessation clinical trial and confirmed the validity and reliability of the Stanford Expectations of Treatment Scale (SETS) scores.
NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Substance Abuse
Sarah S. Tonkin, Craig Colder, Martin C. Mahoney, Gary E. Swan, Paul Cinciripini, Robert Schnoll, Tony P. George, Rachel F. Tyndale, Larry W. Hawk
Summary: This study found that varenicline can improve smoking cessation rates by attenuating changes in negative affect and craving. Positive affect was not a significant mediator in this process. The research emphasizes the importance of reducing negative affect and early craving for effective interventions and suggests that negative affect, positive affect, and craving are all associated with relapse, making them potential treatment targets for future intervention development.
NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Margaret H. Sibley, Stefany J. Coxe, Timothy F. Page, William E. Pelham, Carlos E. Yeguez, Patrick A. LaCount, Samantha Barney
Summary: Although high-intensity treatment for adolescent ADHD showed modest but lasting effects on organization skills and ADHD symptoms, it did not have incremental benefits on outcomes that could offset its high costs compared to low-intensity treatment. Treatment may be more effective when delivered to older adolescents, indicating that age may play a role in the long-term impact of ADHD treatment.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Matthew D. Scalco, Craig R. Colder, Jennifer P. Read, Liliana J. Lengua, William F. Wieczorek, Larry W. Hawk
Summary: This study explored the impact of internalizing and externalizing symptoms on the etiology of adolescent alcohol use (AU) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) from a developmental perspective. Three pathways to AUD were identified, involving early externalizing symptoms, stable co-occurring symptoms, and the selection and socialization effects between early AU and peer delinquency.
DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
(2021)