期刊
EVOLUTION
卷 64, 期 12, 页码 3476-3494出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01079.x
关键词
Genetic correlation; inducible defense; phenotypic plasticity; reaction norm; shell thickness; stress; waiting time
资金
- A.W. Mellon Foundation
- French C.N.R.S.
- National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent), NSF [EF-0905606]
Environmental effects on mating system expression are central to understanding mating system evolution in nature. Here, I report the results from a quantitative-genetic experiment aimed at understanding the role of predation risk in the expression and evolution of life-history and mating-system traits in a hermaphroditic freshwater snail (Physa acuta). I reared 30 full-sib families in four environments that factorially contrast predation risk and mate availability and measured age/size at first reproduction, growth rate, a morphological defense, and the early survival of outcrossed/selfed eggs that were laid under predator/no-predator conditions. I evaluated the genetic basis of trade-offs among traits and the stability of the G matrix across environments. Mating reduced growth while predation risk increased growth, but the effects of mating were weaker for predator-induced snails and the effects of predation risk were weaker for snails without mates. Predation risk reduced the amount of time that individuals waited before self-fertilizing and reduced inbreeding depression in the offspring. There was a positive among-family relationship between the amount of time that individuals delayed selfing under predation risk and the magnitude of inbreeding depression. These results highlight several potential roles of enemies in mating-system expression and evolution.
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