Review
Immunology
Wenxia Zhu, Yilin Wu, Hui Liu, Caini Jiang, Lili Huo
Summary: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining the organ microenvironment and can be considered in preventing and treating respiratory diseases. However, studies on the interaction between children's intestinal flora and respiratory infections are still lacking.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Miltiades Kyprianou, Konstantina Dakou, Aftab Aktar, Hichem Aouina, Naser Behbehani, Keertan Dheda, Georges Juvelekian, Adel Khattab, Bassam Mahboub, George Nyale, Sayed Oraby, Abdullah Sayiner, Atef Shibl, Serhat Unal, Mohamed Awad Tag El Deen, Ali Bin Sarwar Zubairi, Ross Davidson, Evangelos J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis
Summary: This meta-analysis demonstrates that the addition of macrolides to the treatment regimen for CAP can significantly reduce 30-day mortality and slightly increase the resolution rate of CAP. The study also found that Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the most common pathogens in under-reported countries.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Darlenne B. Kenga, Tebeb Gebretsadik, Samuel Simbine, Fabiao E. Mausse, Pedro Charles, Ernesto Zaqueu, Hermenegilda F. Fernando, Alice Manjate, Jahit Sacarlal, Troy D. Moon
Summary: The study in Mozambique observed children hospitalized with fever due to HIV infection or HIV-exposure, finding that community-acquired bacteremia was common with Staphylococcus Aureus, Klebsiella, and Salmonella being the most common pathogens. High rates of antibiotic resistance were observed, highlighting the need for longitudinal data on important pathogens to guide antibiotic prescription guidelines.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Shena Y. C. Lim, Yvonne P. Zhou, Daphne Yii, De Zhi Chin, Kai Chee Hung, Lai Wei Lee, Jia Le Lim, Li Wen Loo, Narendran Koomanan, Nathalie Grace Chua, Yixin Liew, Benjamin P. Z. Cherng, Siew Yee Thien, Winnie H. L. Lee, Andrea L. H. Kwa, Shimin J. Chung
Summary: At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a concern for the misuse of antibiotics in the treatment of CA-ARI. This study demonstrates that modifying the stewardship approach and using a procalcitonin-guided strategy can effectively reduce the duration of antibiotic therapy and curb antibiotic misuse.
Review
Microbiology
Naomi J. Gadsby, Daniel M. Musher
Summary: Pneumonia remains a common infection with high morbidity and mortality, despite modern advances. The understanding of its etiology has evolved with new techniques, identifying both known and emerging organisms. Bacteriologic techniques have identified Streptococcus pneumoniae as the most common cause, but more modern studies emphasize other bacteria and normal respiratory flora. Viral pneumonia has been shown to be important, and host transcriptional signatures may help distinguish between viral and bacterial pneumonia.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Andre Gie, Claire Davies, Florin Vaida, Julie Morrison, David Maree, Kennedy Otwombe, Sara H. Browne, Marieke M. van der Zalm, Mark F. Cotton, Steve Innes, Pierre Goussard
Summary: This study found that early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation can improve lung function and mitigate lung damage in children with perinatal HIV infection. However, there is no significant impact on lung function trajectory for children with low risk of infection.
Article
Infectious Diseases
L. M. Vos, R. Bruyndonckx, N. P. A. Zuithoff, P. Little, J. J. Oosterheert, B. D. L. Broekhuizen, C. Lammens, K. Loens, M. Viveen, C. C. Butler, D. Crook, K. Zlateva, H. Goossens, E. C. J. Claas, M. Ieven, A. M. Van Loon, T. J. M. Verheij, F. E. J. Coenjaerts
Summary: This study found that respiratory virus infections lead to more severe symptoms and longer duration, and are positively correlated with viral load.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Massimo Maurici, Gian Loreto D'Alo, Carla Fontana, Viviana Santoro, Roberta Gaziano, Marco Ciotti, Domenico Cicciarella Modica, Patrizia De Filippis, Loredana Sarmati, Gerardo De Carolis, Francesca Pica
Summary: This study investigated the burden, microbial etiology, and clinical impact of hospital-acquired respiratory infections (HARIs) at an Italian teaching hospital over a 12-month period. The findings revealed that HARIs are still a significant public health problem, with associations to age, surgical category, microbial load, chronic diseases, and endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Mariana Helou, Ahmad Mahdi, Ziad Daoud, Jacques Mokhbat, Anna Farra, Elma Nassar, Ralph Nehme, Edmond Abboud, Khalil Masri, Rola Husni
Summary: The epidemiology of CARTIs in Lebanon is important but understudied. This study presents the first Lebanese data on CARTI pathogens, revealing that viruses are the most common etiologies. Therefore, a different approach is needed for empirical management of CARTI, and rapid testing may help identify patients who require antibiotic therapy.
TROPICAL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Francois Javaudin, Nicolas Marjanovic, Hugo de Carvalho, Benjamin Gaborit, Quentin Le Bastard, Estelle Boucher, Denis Haroche, Emmanuel Montassier, Philippe Le Conte
Summary: Lung ultrasound can improve the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia in the emergency department, reducing diagnostic uncertainty significantly.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ilona den Hartog, Laura B. Zwep, Stefan M. T. Vestjens, Amy C. Harms, G. Paul Voorn, Dylan W. de Lange, Willem J. W. Bos, Thomas Hankemeier, Ewoudt M. W. van de Garde, J. G. Coen van Hasselt
Summary: Diagnosis of microbial disease etiology in hospitalized CAP patients can be supported by targeted metabolomic profiling, with the ability to differentiate between major pathogen groups such as S. pneumoniae, atypical bacteria, and respiratory viruses. Discrimination between atypical pathogens and other groups showed predictive capability, with an elastic net regression model achieving 61% sensitivity, 86% specificity, and an AUC of 0.81.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Fereshte Sheybani, Diederik van de Beek, Matthijs C. Brouwer
Summary: Half of the patients with suspected CNS infections are diagnosed with a CNS infection, and this was not related to CD4 counts. The best predictor for CNS infections was the CSF leukocyte count.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sondre Serigstad, Dagfinn L. Markussen, Christian Ritz, Marit H. Ebbesen, Siri T. Knoop, Oyvind Kommedal, Lars Heggelund, Elling Ulvestad, Rune O. Bjorneklett, Harleen M. S. Grewal
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on hospital admissions for respiratory tract infections and the spectrum of pathogens detected. The study found a decrease in admissions and a lower proportion of virus detections in the COVID cohort compared to the pre-COVID cohort. There was also a difference in the bacterial spectrum between the two cohorts.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
L. M. Ziko, T. W. Hoffman, S. Fwoloshi, D. Chanda, Y. M. Nampungwe, D. Patel, H. Bobat, A. Moonga, L. Chirwa, L. Hachaambwa, K. J. Mateyo
Summary: This study investigated the aetiology, presentation, and treatment outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. The study found that Mycobacterium tuberculosis was the most common cause of CAP in this population, followed by gram-negative organisms. The study also reported a high 30-day mortality rate.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
S. Aishwarya, K. Gunasekaran
Summary: Respiratory infections, including COVID-19, have a significant impact on global health and economy. This study investigates the microbiota profiles of healthy individuals and those infected with COVID-19, revealing microbial biomarkers associated with the disease. Machine learning techniques were applied to effectively classify the biomarkers, providing valuable insights into disease progression.
LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Daniel K. Nomah, Yesika Diaz, Rosa M. Vivanco-Hidalgo, Jordi Casabona, Jose M. Miro, Juliana Reyes-Uruena
Summary: This study compared the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on people living with HIV (PLWH) and the general HIV-negative population in Catalonia, Spain. The findings showed that PLWH had lower testing rates but higher test positivity for SARS-CoV-2 compared to the general population. There were no significant differences in hospitalization and ICU admission rates, but PLWH had a lower mortality rate.
ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Nuria Climent, Juan Ambrosioni, Tania Gonzalez, Cristina Xufre, Maria Casadella, Marc Noguera-Julian, Roger Paredes, Montserrat Plana, Judith Grau-Exposito, Josep Mallolas, Jose Alcami, Sonsoles Sanchez-Palomino, Jose M. Miro
Summary: This study reports a case of a highly controlled HIV infection individual who maintained undetectable viral loads for 15 years after stopping antiretroviral therapy. The researchers found that the high activity of NK cells and CD8 T cells were associated with the control of viral replication.
Editorial Material
Critical Care Medicine
Catia Cilloniz, Antoni Torres
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Catia Cilloniz, Logan Ward, Mads Lause Mogensen, Juan M. Pericas, Raul Mendez, Albert Gabarrus, Miquel Ferrer, Carolina Garcia-Vidal, Rosario Menendez, Antoni Torres
Summary: This study applies a CPN model to predict mortality in CAP patients and compares it with other scoring systems. The results show that the SeF-ML model has higher predictive accuracy, suggesting its potential for improving mortality prediction in CAP patients.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Santiago Grau, Jose Maria Miro, Julian Olalla, Juan C. Alcala, Antonio Castro, Dario Rubio-Rodriguez, Carlos Rubio-Terres
Summary: This study aims to determine whether the quality of evidence from clinical trials of dolutegravir is methodologically comparable to that of clinical trials conducted with bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide. The quality of clinical trials was assessed using the Jadad scale, and the results showed that there were methodological differences between the trials, making the results not comparable.
EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY
(2023)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Catia Cilloniz, Anna Motos, Tatiana Castaneda, Albert Gabarrus, Ferran Barbe, Antoni Torres
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Virology
Erick De la Torre-tarazona, Alba Gonzalez-Robles, Almudena Cascajero, Paloma Jimenez, Jose Maria Miro, Sonsoles Sanchez-Palomino, Jose Alcami, Maria Jose Buzon, Javier Garcia-Perez, Hospital Clinic HIV Investigators
Summary: This study compares two methods using HIV and VSV-based pseudoviruses to detect neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 in people living with HIV (PLWH). The HIV-pseudoparticles method shows higher neutralization titers, but also detects NAbs in COVID-19-naive PLWH. Treatment with integrase inhibitors can lead to inaccurate results when using the HIV-based pseudoviruses method, but this interference can be eliminated through IgG purification.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
David Luque-Paz, Guillermo Cuervo, Jose M. Miro, Pierre Tattevin
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Nigel A. Scott, Claire Sadowski, Andrew Vernon, Bert Arevalo, Karlyn Beer, Andrey Borisov, Joan A. Cayla, Michael Chen, Pei -Jean Feng, Ruth N. Moro, David P. Holland, Neil Martinson, Joan-Pau Millet, Jose M. Miro, Robert Belknap
Summary: This study compared self-report and pill counts with a medication event monitoring system (MEMS) in the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and found that in the United States and South Africa, SOC significantly overestimated treatment completion.
CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL TRIALS
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sara Toyos, Leire Berrocal, Ana Gonzalez-Cordon, Alexy Inciarte, Lorena de la Mora, Maria Martinez-Rebollar, Montserrat Laguno, Emma Fernandez, Juan Ambrosioni, Ivan Chivite, Elisa de Lazzari, Jose Luis Blanco, Esteban Martinez, Jose M. Miro, Josep Mallolas, Berta Torres
Summary: This study examined the characteristics of people living with HIV (PLWH) who sought consultation in a tertiary hospital in Barcelona, Spain, from 1982 to 2020, with a focus on sex-related differences. The findings revealed that women with HIV had higher rates of late diagnoses compared to men, and women aged 50 and above represented a significant proportion of those currently being followed up. These results emphasize the importance of sex stratification in HIV prevention and control interventions.
Article
Surgery
Sonia Calzado, Marta Hernandez-Meneses, Jaume Llopis, Lucia Boix-Palop, Beatriz Dietl, Esther Calbo, Marta Andres, Xelo Garcia, Carme Agusti, Esther Dorca, Jose M. Tricas, Javier Diez de los Rios, Jordi Cuquet, Antonio Cardenas, Juan Manuel Roca, Maria Ortiz, Ana Paula Caresia, Laura Guillamon, Eduard Quintana, Juan Ambrosioni, Oriol Gasch, Jose M. Miro
Summary: This study aimed to investigate infective endocarditis cases from noncardiac surgery centers. The findings suggest that patients not transferred to a referral cardiac surgery center have a worse prognosis compared to those ultimately transferred, and cardiac surgery is associated with lower mortality rates.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Catia Cilloniz, Juan Manuel Pericas, Walter H. Curioso
Summary: This article reviews the factors related to CAP-associated outcomes, including host, microorganism, therapeutic approach, and health system organization. The aim is to discuss controversial points and provide recommendations for further research and patient management to improve CAP outcomes, beyond mortality.
EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Antonio Ramos-Martinez, Fernando Dominguez, Patricia Munoz, Mercedes Marin, Alvaro Pedraz, M. Carmen Farinas, Valentin Tascon, Aristides de Alarcon, Raquel Rodriguez-Garcia, Jose Maria Miro, Josune Goikoetxea, Guillermo Ojeda-Burgos, Francesc Escrihuela-Vidal, Jorge Calderon-Parra
Summary: Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is a serious infection that often requires surgical treatment. The study found that patients with early-onset PVE were more likely to have complications compared to patients with late-onset PVE. The overall in-hospital mortality of PVE was 32.6%, and patients who did not undergo surgery had a higher mortality rate compared to those who had surgery.
Article
Microbiology
Rosario Menendez, Antoni Torres, Pedro Pablo Espana, Jose Alberto Fernandez-Villar, Jose Maria Marimon, Raul Mendez, Catia Cilloniz, Mikel Egurrola, Maribel Botana-Rial, Maria Ercibengoa, Cristina Mendez, Isabel Cifuentes, Bradford D. Gessner
Summary: This study describes the evolution and distribution of serotypes in adult community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Spain, showing that serotypes included in the 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) are the predominant causes of pneumococcal CAP.