Article
Chemistry, Physical
Taiki Yanagishima, John Russo, Roel P. A. Dullens, Hajime Tanaka
Summary: Research shows that the preparation protocol of glass determines the crystal growth mode. Traditional glass, prepared by fast quenching, exhibits fast growth with active interface dynamics, while uniform glass, prepared by density homogenization, grows via intermittent avalanche-like dynamics localized at the interface, combining localized mechanical defects and exceptional mechanical stability imposed by the glass phase.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Sambatra Andrianomena, Sultan Hassan
Summary: We examine the changes in constraints on density parameter (�m), power spectrum amplitude (a-8), and supernova feedback parameters (ASN1 and ASN2) when incorporating information from multiple cosmological fields. Using a convolutional neural network, we extract relevant features from different combinations of field maps from the CAMELS project. The fields include neutral hydrogen (HI), gas density (Mgas), magnetic fields (B), and gas metallicity (Z). By utilizing Monte Carlo dropout and Bayesian approximation, we estimate the predictive uncertainty of the model's inferred parameters. The results demonstrate that the model performs better with an increased number of input channels, showing an achievement of R2 > 0.96 on all parameters when including all fields.
JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Linnea Uebel, Indy Kromodikoro, Nils Nyhlin, Michiel van Nieuwenhoven
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of the Swedish Standardized Course of Care for colorectal cancer (SCC-CRC) in diagnosing colorectal cancer. The results showed that the CRC yield from SCC-CRC was slightly higher compared to other European fast tracks. Some entry criteria did not provide any benefit in assessing CRC risk, while the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) showed high diagnostic efficacy.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Diego Cirio, Francesco Conte, Bruno Gabriele, Chiara Gandolfi, Stefano Massucco, Marco R. Rapizza, Federico Silvestro
Summary: This paper proposes a control strategy based on Model Predictive Control technique for a unit composed of a Wind Farm and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) to provide a fast frequency regulation service. The approach is tested via Hardware-In-the-Loop simulations and proves to be effective.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Eliezer de Souza da Silva, Tomasz Kusmierczyk, Marcelo Hartmann, Arto Klami
Summary: The paper introduces a method for selecting good prior distributions without posterior inference, by estimating virtual statistics for data generated by the prior predictive distribution and optimizing hyperparameters to match target values. This approach is applied in probabilistic matrix factorization, allowing for analytical determination of hyperparameters to replicate target statistics, and a model-independent procedure is presented for general models.
JOURNAL OF MACHINE LEARNING RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Robert Reischke, Steffen Hagstotz, Robert Lilow
Summary: Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are astrophysical transients of unknown origin, that can be used to study the distribution of electrons and their impact on cosmic structure. Despite weaker signals compared to other probes, FRBs have the potential to probe larger spatial volumes and constrain inflationary physics.
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Sonja D. D. Winter, Sarah Depaoli
Summary: A unique feature of Bayesian estimation is the use of prior knowledge through prior distributions, which can have significant impact on the analysis. In the context of structural equation models (SEMs), where priors can be particularly influential due to the complexities of data and modeling, this article introduces a statistical approach called prior predictive checking procedure to assess the impact of prior specifications. The article presents a comprehensive workflow and demonstrates how it can aid researchers in understanding the different aspects of their prior specification within SEM through three examples. Code and additional resources are provided online for future application of the prior predictive checking procedure in the SEM framework.
STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING-A MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Sherwood Richers, Huaiyu Duan, Meng-Ru Wu, Soumya Bhattacharyya, Masamichi Zaizen, Manu George, Chun-Yu Lin, Zewei Xiong
Summary: The fast flavor instability (FFI) is expected to be widespread in core-collapse supernovae and neutron star mergers, with potential impacts on explosion mechanism, neutrino signals, mass outflows, and nucleosynthesis. Simulating a standardized test problem using five independent codes, we verify the faithful simulation of underlying quantum kinetic equations and quantify the numerical errors in each method, identifying their respective strengths.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Fabio Bioletto, Mirko Parasiliti-Caprino, Alessandro Maria Berton, Nunzia Prencipe, Valeria Cambria, Ezio Ghigo, Silvia Grottoli, Valentina Gasco
Summary: This study proposes a quantitative estimation of GHD probability prior to stimulation tests based on IGF-I values and the presence/absence of other pituitary deficits. The risk class stratification provides a simple tool for a Bayesian interpretation of stimulation test results, potentially reducing the risk of wrong GHD diagnosis.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Akira Harada, Hiroki Nagakura
Summary: This paper investigates the impact of stellar rotation on fast flavor conversion in core-collapse supernovae. The study finds that rotation facilitates the occurrence of electron neutrino lepton number crossings, leading to changes in the angular distribution of neutrinos in momentum space.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Kerstin Preuschoff
Summary: The study reveals two parallel valuation mechanisms by investigating the value signals of caudate nucleus and orbitofrontal cortex during choice.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ken Kudura, Nando Ritz, Arnoud J. Templeton, Tim Kutzker, Robert Foerster, Kwadwo Antwi, Michael C. Kreissl, Martin H. K. Hoffmann
Summary: The predictive value of total metabolic tumor burden prior to treatment was assessed in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. The results showed that the total metabolic tumor burden had negligible impact on overall survival, progression-free survival, and clinical benefit, while the morphological and metabolic properties of the primary tumor showed strong predictive power.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
J. M. Y. Woo, S. Grimm, R. Brasser, J. Stadel
Summary: Recent research using high precision meteoritic data and N-body simulations has provided insights into the formation timescale and composition of terrestrial planets. The study shows that the growth of embryos is influenced by initial conditions, with the possibility of asteroid belt material being implanted into the terrestrial planet region through resonances.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Mercedes Garcia-Salguero, Javier Gonzalez-Jimenez
Summary: The integration of different types of sensors, particularly inertial measurement units (IMUs) with cameras, enhances the robustness of autonomous systems by providing redundant and complementary information. This paper presents a certifiable solver for the relative pose problem with a gravity prior, which includes an iterative certifier that guarantees optimality certification even for an overconstrained formulation. In addition, a fast iterative on-manifold estimation of the relative pose is provided, yielding solutions with lower costs than other nonminimal solvers.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
J. F. Mahlmann, A. A. Philippov, A. Levinson, A. Spitkovsky, H. Hakobyan
Summary: One possible scenario for the generation of fast radio bursts (FRBs) is magnetic reconnection in a current sheet of the magnetar wind. The study investigates this scenario using simulations and finds that a fraction of the reconnected magnetic field energy can be converted into high-frequency magnetosonic waves, which escape as radio emissions.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
(2022)
