Article
Mechanics
Kyle Pietrzyk, Jeremy A. K. Horwitz, Fady M. Najjar, Roger W. Minich
Summary: This study analyzes particle-laden, isotropic turbulence in three dimensions to understand the dynamics of inertial particles from a kinetic energy perspective. By identifying data trends, it is found that particles tend to accumulate in regions of low flow kinetic energy over time, as they lose kinetic energy and slow down in such regions. A particle kinetic energy equation is derived and hypotheses regarding the temporal change of particle kinetic energy and particle behavior are evaluated using simulation data. The steady-state probability density function of particle kinetic energy is derived using a Fokker-Planck equation. The model fits the simulation data well and provides a tool for investigating preferential concentration and predicting particle kinetic energy in turbulent flows.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Itzhak Fouxon, Seulgi Lee, Changhoon Lee
Summary: In this study, we theoretically and numerically investigate the spatial distribution and collision rate of droplets sedimenting in homogeneous isotropic Navier-Stokes turbulence. It is found that when the turbulent accelerations of fluid particles are much smaller than gravity, the particles interact weakly with individual vortices and form a smooth flow. However, at higher Reynolds numbers, rare large quiescent vortices can destroy the flow, leading to an intermittency of collisions. Additionally, the angular dependence of the radial distribution function (RDF) reveals the formation of spatial columns by the droplets.
PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Jie Shen, Zhiming Lu, Lian-Ping Wang, Cheng Peng
Summary: This study conducts direct numerical simulations of particle-laden homogeneous isotropic turbulence using the lattice Boltzmann method, exploring the response of particles with different particle-fluid density ratios to turbulence and investigating the preferential concentration of particles. Results indicate that particle acceleration and angular acceleration are more intermittent for different density ratios, with preferential concentration being more pronounced for particles with intermediate density ratios.
Article
Mechanics
Davide Perrone, J. G. M. Kuerten, Luca Ridolfi, Stefania Scarsoglio
Summary: Mixing of inertial point particles in turbulent channel flow at Re-z = 950 is studied using direct numerical simulations. The study considers the release of inertial particles, with varying Stokes number, from different positions inside the channel and analyzes their rate of coming close to each other. A Lagrangian framework is employed to analyze trajectories and study mixing and dispersion problems. The research provides a comprehensive understanding of mixing in an anisotropic turbulent flow by varying the release position of particles along the wall-normal direction. Moreover, the effects of particle inertia are analyzed and found to depend on the position and alignment of the sources due to the dependence of the flow timescales on the distance from the wall.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Yixiang Wang, Kit Ming Lam, Kam Tim Tse
Summary: This study investigates the settling velocity and clustering behavior of bidisperse inertial particles in turbulent channel flow through direct numerical simulation. The results show a significant turbophoresis effect on smaller diameter particles in bidisperse cases, influencing clustering and turbophoresis. It is also found that terminal settling velocities in bidisperse cases are affected by final volume fractions at dynamic equilibrium state, with a strengthened preferential sweeping mechanism observed with decreasing Stokes number.
Article
Mechanics
Paul Andrade, Yannis Hardalupas, Georgios Charalampous
Summary: This study uses a combination of graph theory and Voronoi analysis to investigate the structure and internal sub-structure of clusters. Experimental results show that large clusters have a significantly large number of neighboring particles for collisions, while small clusters have a random number of neighbors.
Article
Mechanics
Hangyu Zhu, Chong Pan, Huan Lian
Summary: The motions of polydisperse droplets in homogeneous and isotropic turbulence were investigated at Reynolds numbers Re-lambda = 200-300. The emphasis was placed on the parameter dependencies of spatial velocity correlations (SVCs) and relative velocities (RVs) of droplets. It was found that the droplet SVCs and RVs exhibited different behaviors compared to turbulence at different scales, and were influenced by the Stokes number and settling parameter.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Jan Friedrich, Bianca Viggiano, Mickael Bourgoin, Rail Bayoan Cal, Laurent Chevillard
Summary: This study extends a modeling technique for Lagrangian tracer particles by directly modeling particle velocity for different Stokes numbers using a multilayered Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Through comparisons with Batchelor's model and direct numerical simulations, the effects of particle inertia on key statistical quantities are discussed. The method effectively decouples particle velocity from position through an approximate linear filter and determination of an effective Stokes number.
PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Jan Meibohm, Vikash Pandey, Akshay Bhatnagar, Kristian Gustavsson, Dhrubaditya Mitra, Prasad Perlekar, Bernhard Mehlig
Summary: In the dynamics of small, heavy identical particles in turbulence, the formation of singularities known as caustics leads to significant fluctuations in spatial particle-number density and collision velocities. While caustic formation for particles with large inertia is akin to Kramers escape, for particles with small inertia, caustics tend to form near trajectories with specific histories of fluid-velocity gradients characterized by low vorticity and violent strain surpassing a certain threshold. A theory is developed to explain these findings in terms of an optimal path to caustic formation in the small inertia limit.
PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Siyao Xu, Alex Lazarian
Summary: The study focuses on the importance of turbulence in astrophysical plasmas for magnetic reconnection and reconnection acceleration. The research examines how particle acceleration occurs during fast 3D turbulent reconnection with reconnection-driven turbulence. It is observed that particles bounce between the reconnection-driven inflows, converting the kinetic energy of the inflows into accelerated particles through successive head-on collisions. The inflow speed and inflow obliquities introduced by turbulence affect the energy gain and escape probability of particles, resulting in a non-universal spectral index for the particle energy spectrum.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Thermodynamics
Eric Loth
Summary: Turbulence is crucial for spreading particles and drops in energy systems, and recent advances have focused on the complexities of particle motion in turbulent flows. This review discusses the fundamental features of turbulence and its influence on particle motion, including turbulent diffusivity, kinetic energy of particle velocity, and turbophoresis. It also examines turbulent biases such as non-linear drag bias and clustering bias, as well as recent progress in turbulence modulation and particle collision frequency. A generalized flow regime is presented to summarize the interactions based on particle size and concentration.
PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Du-Chang Xu, Xiao-Ying Tang, Ao Li, Jing-Tao Ma, Yuan-Qing Xu
Summary: The particle focus in channel flow refers to the equilibrium position reached by an initialized particle. The binding focus is a phenomenon where two adjacent particles can form a new equilibrium position. This study explores the external force attached binding focus and presents a three-dimensional model using the immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method. The migration conditions of the soft particle and its application in single-cell separation are discussed and validated numerically.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
A. D. Bragg, D. H. Richter, G. Wang
Summary: Even when the settling parameter is small, gravitational settling can still have a leading order contribution to concentration profiles. In the boundary layer, there is always a region where settling cannot be neglected, regardless of how small the settling parameter is.
PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Bo Yang, Cheng Peng, Guichao Wang, Lian-Ping Wang
Summary: In this study, direct numerical simulations of turbulent downward channel flow laden with finite-size spherical particles were conducted using the lattice Boltzmann method. It was found that the settling particles in the downward channel flow have an overall positive slip velocity at the center, causing the lateral hydrodynamic force to drive particles away from the center region. Additionally, an increase in particle terminal velocity leads to higher levels of particle accumulation near the wall.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
M. Shyam Kumar, S. R. Chakravarthy, Manikandan Mathur
Summary: In this experimental study, the physical coupling between inertial clustering and particle pair relative velocity in a polydisperse droplet field with background air turbulence is directly demonstrated. The results show an inverse relation between clustering and relative velocity in the mean-flow-dominated turbulent flow studied, thus suppressing the intuitive effect of an increase in droplet collision rate with background air turbulence.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
N. Machicoane, A. Aliseda, R. Volk, M. Bourgoin
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2019)
Article
Mechanics
Thomas Barois, Peter D. Huck, Charles Paleo, Mickael Bourgoin, Romain Volk
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jeremy Vessaire, German Varas, Sylvain Joubaud, Romain Volk, Mickael Bourgoin, Valerie Vidal
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2020)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Mickael Bourgoin, Sander G. Huisman
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2020)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Mickael Bourgoin, Ronan Kervil, Cecile Cottin-Bizonne, Florence Raynal, Romain Volk, Christophe Ybert
Article
Mechanics
J. John Soundar Jerome, Sebastien Thevenin, Mickael Bourgoin, Jean-Philippe Matas
Summary: This study investigates the coating flow dynamics of a thin viscous liquid film entrained by a moving solid surface, demonstrating the creation of liquid sheets via a ballistic mechanism and the control of flow rate by viscous and surface tension forces. Strong inertial effects influence the entrained liquid flux over the disc, particularly at large radius-to-immersion-depth ratio, impacting the flow rate extracted from the three-dimensional liquid sheet.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
P. Svancara, D. Duda, P. Hrubcova, M. Rotter, L. Skrbek, M. La Mantia, E. Durozoy, P. Diribarne, B. Rousset, M. Bourgoin, M. Gibert
Summary: The experimental investigation of thermal counterflow of superfluid He using particle tracking velocimetry technique shows that particles intermittently switch between two distinct motion regimes, with fast particles moving along almost straight tracks away from the heat source and slow particles exhibiting erratic upward motion influenced by quantized vortices. Non-classical, broad distributions of velocity are observed for particles in both regimes, indicating the relevance of particle-vortex interactions in the two cases. Additionally, fast particles move along straighter trajectories compared to slow particles, suggesting notable differences in particle-vortex interactions between the two regimes.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Clement Gouiller, Florence Raynal, Laurent Maquet, Mickael Bourgoin, Cecile Cottin-Bizonne, Romain Volk, Christophe Ybert
Summary: In this experimental study, the mixing properties of interfacial colloidal floaters were influenced by chemical and hydrodynamical currents generated by self-propelled camphor disks swimming at the air-water interface. Despite reaching a statistically stationary state, the floaters remained only partially mixed, resulting from a competition between mixing and unmixing processes. Additionally, the system developed turbulent-like concentration spectra with various regions characterized by different flow effects.
PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Ariane Gayout, Mickael Bourgoin, Nicolas Plihon
Summary: The transitions between two states of a bistable system were studied experimentally, showing that the waiting times follow a double exponential distribution. The rare events of aerodynamic forces control the transitions in a disk pendulum, linking them to vortex shedding-induced fluctuations. This work has significant fundamental outcomes for the study of rare events in out-of-equilibrium systems.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Bianca Viggiano, Thomas Basset, Stephen Solovitz, Thomas Barois, Mathieu Gibert, Nicolas Mordant, Laurent Chevillard, Romain Volk, Mickael Bourgoin, Raul Bayoan Cal
Summary: An experimental study of an axisymmetric turbulent water jet was conducted using Lagrangian methods, resulting in analysis of flow field parameters related to the Taylor-based Reynolds number and statistical analysis of velocity components.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
L. Thorens, K. J. Maloy, M. Bourgoin, S. Santucci
Summary: The properties displayed by a pile of grains in a silo can be controlled using ferromagnetic grains and an external magnetic field. The magnetic Janssen effect allows for fine tuning of the apparent mass of the granular column, paving the way towards the design of functional jammed materials.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Kristin N. Travis, Sarah E. Smith, Laure Vignal, Henda Djeridi, Mickael Bourgoin, Raul Bayoan Cal, Martin Obligado
Summary: This study presents the findings of a wind tunnel experiment investigating the behavior and dynamics of inertial particles in the turbulent wake of a stationary porous disk. The study compares concentrations of poly-disperse water droplets and sub-inertial tracer particles, and analyzes the effects of particle wake interaction on turbulence and particle size distributions in the near and far wake regions.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Thomas Basset, Bianca Viggiano, Thomas Barois, Mathieu Gibert, Nicolas Mordant, Raul Bayoan Cal, Romain Volk, Mickael Bourgoin
Summary: An experimental study on incompressible turbulent water jet spreading into water using particle tracking velocimetry has been conducted. The study focuses on the flow tagged by tracers only seeded through the nozzle. Results show that the mean velocity field of the nozzle seeded flow is similar to the global mean velocity field of the jet for axial velocity, but there are significant deviations for radial velocity. Analytical expressions are proposed to explain the modified radial velocity profile and the missing contribution associated with entrained fluid particles. The study also establishes new practical relations to determine the non-uniform spatial profiles of turbulent diffusivity and viscosity.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Romain Volk, Michael Bourgoin, Charles-Edouard Brehier, Florence Raynal
Summary: In this article, the dispersion of colloids in a two-dimensional cellular flow in the presence of a mean salt gradient is numerically studied. The study reveals two regimes of colloids dynamics influenced by the phoretic drift, with significantly enhanced mean velocity when R < 1 and inhibited cell-to-cell transport when R > 1.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Jeremy Vessaire, Nicolas Plihon, Romain Volk, Mickael Bourgoin