Article
Behavioral Sciences
Hans-Juergen Rumpf, Tobias Effertz, Christian Montag
Summary: An increasing number of scientists are investigating the potential negative side effects of digital technology, particularly problematic usage. This paper examines what we currently know about the costs arising from problem use of digital technology. It is evident that problem use is associated with mental and physical health issues, impaired social functioning, decreased productivity, disrupted brain development, and unsafe use leading to accidents. This poses a significant burden on individuals and society as a whole. However, due to the broad range of conditions related to digital technology use and inadequate data, the exact costs are still unclear. A comprehensive approach for assessing the cost burden of problem use of digital technology is outlined in this paper, along with the methodological requirements.
CURRENT OPINION IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pieter Vanhuysse, Marton Medgyesi, Robert Ivan Gal
Summary: This study examines the intergenerational resource transfer contributions of parents and non-parents in Europe based on National Transfer Accounts and National Time Transfer Accounts for 12 countries around 2010. The research reveals that non-parents contribute mainly to public transfers, while parents provide larger private transfers in the form of market goods and unpaid household labor. Considering all three transfers, the parental/non-parental contribution ratio in Europe increases from 0.73 (public transfers alone) to 2.66. The highest contribution ratios are found in Sweden and Finland.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sakshi Jasra, Orsi Giricz, Rachel Zeig-Owens, Kith Pradhan, David G. Goldfarb, Angelica Barreto-Galvez, Alexander J. Silver, Jiahao Chen, Srabani Sahu, Shanisha Gordon-Mitchell, Gaurav S. Choudhary, Srinivas Aluri, Tushar D. Bhagat, Aditi Shastri, Cosmin A. Bejan, Shannon S. Stockton, Travis P. Spaulding, Victor Thiruthuvanathan, Hiroki Goto, Jeannine Gerhardt, Syed Hissam Haider, Arul Veerappan, Matthias Bartenstein, George Nwankwo, Ola Landgren, Michael D. Weiden, Jacqueline Lekostaj, Ryan Bender, Frederick Fletcher, Lee Greenberger, Benjamin L. Ebert, Ulrich Steidl, Britta Will, Anna Nolan, Advaitha Madireddy, Michael R. Savona, David J. Prezant, Amit Verma
Summary: The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center led to a high burden of somatic mutations in blood cells among first responders, raising their risk for cancer. Exposure to WTC particulate matter caused dysregulation of DNA replication and increased mutation burden in mice. Enhanced screening and preventative efforts are needed for first responders to the WTC disaster.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Raymond Hugo Henderson, Declan French, Timothy Maughan, Richard Adams, Claudia Allemani, Pamela Minicozzi, Michel P. Coleman, Ethna McFerran, Richard Sullivan, Mark Lawler
Summary: The economic burden of colorectal cancer in Europe in 2015 was 19.1 billion euros, with non-healthcare costs accounting for 60.6% of the total burden and healthcare costs accounting for 39.4%. The average cost of managing a patient with colorectal cancer varied widely between countries.
LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Esther Colomier, Chloe Melchior, Joost P. Algera, Johann P. Hreinsson, Stine Storsrud, Hans Tornblom, Lukas Van Oudenhove, Olafur S. Palsson, Shrikant Bangdiwala, Ami D. Sperber, Jan Tack, Magnus Simren
Summary: The study found that a significant proportion of individuals globally report meal-related abdominal pain, which is associated with other gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal symptoms, psychological distress, healthcare utilization, and quality of life. Individuals who frequently experience meal-related abdominal pain are more likely to be diagnosed with DGBI and seek medical help more often.
Article
Toxicology
James S. Brown, Gary L. Diamond
Summary: Inhalation is a pathway for aerosol entry into the respiratory tract, where particles accumulate depending on their deposition sites, clearance mechanisms, and solubility. Dissolution of particles is determined by their surface area to volume or mass ratio. Assuming complete dissolution of particles in the alveolar region overestimates the concentration of a compound in blood and underestimates its pulmonary burden. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling can be improved by including estimates of lung burden and particle dissolution over time.
PARTICLE AND FIBRE TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Business
Walter J. V. Vermeulen, Pim R. Croes, Larissa van der Feen
Summary: The Oiconomy Pricing approach introduces the concept of 'Eco Social Cost Unit' (ESCU) to measure and communicate the (un)sustainability of products. By quantifying the externalities or hidden preventative costs, the ESCU score represents the product's (un)sustainability. This article presents the results of a pilot project in three global value chain companies, which applied the Oiconomy Sustainability Assessment Tool to calculate these hidden costs and implement sustainable solutions.
BUSINESS STRATEGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Grace L. Burns, Nicholas J. Talley, Simon Keely
Summary: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder of gut-brain interaction characterized by chronic abdominal pain and altered defaecation. Research has found that small intestinal mechanosensation, altered barrier functions, and microbial imbalance are associated with IBS. The current literature suggests that the pathogenesis of IBS may involve dysfunction of the entire intestinal tract.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Dipesh H. Vasant, Gaurav B. Nigam, Sebastian Bate, Shaheen Hamdy, Jimmy K. Limdi
Summary: Despite advances in UC therapies, a proportion of patients experience fecal incontinence (FI) in the absence of active inflammation. In a prospective study, the prevalence and impact of FI in UC were estimated.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Stephanie N. DeCross, Kelly A. Sambrook, Margaret A. Sheridan, Nim Tottenham, Katie A. McLaughlin
Summary: This study examines the neural activation and functional connectivity patterns during aversive learning in children with and without childhood trauma (CT) involving interpersonal violence. The findings suggest that CT is associated with poor threat-safety discrimination and altered functional coupling between salience and default mode network regions, which may mediate the association between CT and different forms of psychopathology.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Michael D. Rollins, Brian T. Bucher, Justin C. Wheeler, Joshua J. Horns, Niraj Paudel, James M. Hotaling
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the cumulative 5-year healthcare costs and healthcare days in children with anorectal malformation (ARM) and compare them with healthy, premature, and congenital heart disease (CHD) cohorts. The results showed that the healthcare costs of children with ARM were similar to those in the premature cohort and lower than the CHD cohort, while the healthcare days were comparable to both the CHD and premature cohorts. Outpatient care accounted for the majority of healthcare days in children with ARM.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Frederico Pieruccini-Faria, Benjamin Cornish, Malcolm Binns, Julia Fraser, Seyyed M. H. Haddad, Kelly Sunderland, Joel Ramirez, Derek Beaton, Donna Kwan, Allison A. Dilliott, Christopher Scott, Yanina Sarquis-Adamson, Alanna Black, Karen Van Ooteghem, Leanne Casaubon, Dar Dowlatshahi, Ayman Hassan, Jennifer Mandzia, Demetrios Sahlas, Gustavo Saposnik, Brian Tan, Robert Hegele, Dennis Bulman, Mahdi Ghani, John Robinson, Ekaterina Rogaeva, Sali Farhan, Sean Symons, Nuwan Nanayakkara, Stephen R. Arnott, Courtney Berezuk, Melissa Holmes, Sabrina Adamo, Miracle Ozzoude, Mojdeh Zamyadi, Wendy Lou, Sujeevini Sujanthan, Robert Bartha, Sandra E. Black, Richard H. Swartz, William McIlroy, Manuel Montero-Odasso, ONDRI Investigators
Summary: In older individuals with history of stroke, dual-task gait cost (DTC) is associated with increased hyperintensity volume in specific brain regions, particularly in the basal ganglia and thalamus. This change may affect cognitive processing and gait automaticity.
NEUROREHABILITATION AND NEURAL REPAIR
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Georgina Perez Garcia, Gissel M. Perez, Rita De Gasperi, Miguel A. Gama Sosa, Alena Otero-Pagan, Dylan Pryor, Rania Abutarboush, Usmah Kawoos, Patrick R. Hof, David G. Cook, Sam Gandy, Stephen T. Ahlers, Gregory A. Elder
Summary: The study reveals that rats exposed to blast injury exhibit persistent cognitive and trauma-related behavioral traits, which may gradually appear and persist for months after the injury.
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Daniel L. Solomon, Benjamin Dirlikov, Kazuko L. Shem, Christopher S. Elliott
Summary: The study examined the burden of time associated with clinical visits for patients with chronic neurologic disorders, finding that many patients faced difficulties attending their appointments due to transportation issues and changes in daily schedules, with one-third requiring family/caregiver assistance. The results suggest that there is a need for increased emphasis on telemedicine coverage for this population to minimize the burden of commuting to outpatient appointments.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Zaina P. Qureshi, Ellen Thiel, James Nelson, Rezaul Khandker
Summary: Insomnia in AD patients is associated with a higher comorbidity burden, increased healthcare utilization, and higher total healthcare costs. Effective management of comorbid insomnia may help reduce the incremental burden and cost implications for AD patients.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
David Nutt
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tiago Reis Marques, Abhishekh H. Ashok, Ilinca Angelescu, Faith Borgan, Jim Myers, Anne Lingford-Hughes, David J. Nutt, Mattia Veronese, Federico E. Turkheimer, Oliver D. Howes
Summary: The study showed that antipsychotic-free schizophrenia patients have lower levels of alpha 5-GABA(A)Rs in the hippocampus, and there is a significant positive correlation between the levels and PANSS score in these patients.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Review
Psychiatry
Kristoffer A. A. Andersen, Robin Carhart-Harris, David J. Nutt, David Erritzoe
Summary: The systematic review of modern-era clinical studies on serotonergic psychedelics drugs for mental health conditions shows promising treatment efficacy and long-lasting effects in some patients. The safety and feasibility of the studies provide important evidence for the potential of psychedelic therapy as a new treatment avenue for psychiatric conditions.
ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA
(2021)
Article
Biology
Balazs Szigeti, Laura Kartner, Allan Blemings, Fernando Rosas, Amanda Feilding, David J. Nutt, Robin L. Carhart-Harris, David Erritzoe
Summary: The study found that while there were some small but significant differences in emotional state, drug intensity, mood, energy, and creativity between microdosing and placebo groups, these results may be due to participants breaking the blind. Therefore, the study results suggest that the anecdotal benefits of microdosing may be explained by the placebo effect.
Editorial Material
Ethics
S. Rolles, D. J. Nutt, A. K. Schlag
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David J. Nutt, Harriet de Wit
Summary: MDMA could be a promising treatment for PTSD according to a phase 3 study, but it will require a shift in perception of this drug.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
David Nutt, Alexandra Hayes, Leon Fonville, Rayyan Zafar, Emily O. C. Palmer, Louise Paterson, Anne Lingford-Hughes
Summary: Alcohol affects the brain in various harmful ways, including damage during intoxication, withdrawal effects, and peripheral factors like poor diet and vitamin deficiencies. Prenatal alcohol exposure can also have lasting impacts on brain development.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Richard E. Daws, Christopher Timmermann, Bruna Giribaldi, James D. Sexton, Matthew B. Wall, David Erritzoe, Leor Roseman, David Nutt, Robin Carhart-Harris
Summary: Psilocybin therapy has the potential to treat depression by increasing brain network integration, according to two clinical trials. The antidepressant response to psilocybin was rapid and sustained, while escitalopram had milder effects on brain network organization.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
S. Parker Singleton, Andrea I. Luppi, Robin L. Carhart-Harris, Josephine Cruzat, Leor Roseman, David J. Nutt, Gustavo Deco, Morten L. Kringelbach, Emmanuel A. Stamatakis, Amy Kuceyeski
Summary: The authors used network control theory and functional MRI data to show that serotonergic psychedelic drugs like LSD and psilocybin flatten the dynamic landscape of the brain, allowing for easier state transitions and more diverse brain activity over time. These drugs alter subjective experience through serotonin 2a (5-HT2a) receptor agonism, which is associated with increased entropy in brain activity. This increase in entropy is hypothesized to be due to a flattening of the brain's control energy landscape, making transitions between brain states more energy efficient.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
David J. Nutt, Robin J. Tyacke, Meg Spriggs, Vanessa Jacoby, Alan D. Borthwick, Delia Belelli
Summary: Alcohol consumption is associated with health harms and governments worldwide are trying to reduce them. One approach is to reduce alcohol consumption, leading to the development of non-alcoholic drinks. However, non-alcoholic drinks do not provide the social interaction that alcohol does. Therefore, the alternative approach is to develop functional drinks that mimic the positive effects of alcohol without the harms.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christine A. A. Parker, David J. J. Nutt, Robin J. J. Tyacke
Summary: Targeting neuroinflammation, specifically microglial activation and astrocytosis, is a current focus in the development of new treatment interventions for various neurodegenerative disorders. This review focuses on the recent advancements in the development of I2BS PET tracers that target astrocytes and could serve as clinical imaging tools for neurodegenerative diseases. The review discusses five PET tracers for I2BS, with C-11-BU99008 currently being validated for clinical use and showing potential in revealing early astrogliosis involvement in neurodegeneration.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
David J. Nutt
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Balazs Szigeti, Lawrence D. D. Phillips, David Nutt
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matthew B. Wall, Rebecca Harding, Rayyan Zafar, Eugenii A. Rabiner, David J. Nutt, David Erritzoe
Summary: Psychedelic therapy shows potential for treating psychiatric disorders, but there are still gaps in knowledge regarding the relationship between acute drug effects and long-term outcomes, as well as the impact of these drugs on neuroplasticity. The use of neuroimaging methods can help address these questions and provide a foundation for the development of psychedelic therapy.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Psychiatry
Otto Simonsson, Per Carlbring, Robin Carhart-Harris, Alan K. Davis, David J. Nutt, Roland R. Griffiths, David Erritzoe, Simon B. Goldberg
Summary: In this meta-analysis of three psilocybin trials for depression, clinically significant symptom worsening occurred for a minority of participants in the psilocybin and escitalopram conditions (similar to 10%) and for a majority of participants in the waitlist condition (63.6%). The psilocybin arm showed a lower likelihood of symptom worsening versus waitlist, and no difference in the likelihood of symptom worsening versus escitalopram based on the two trials with control arms. Future studies should address the limitation of a relatively small sample size.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Hannah Meijs, Helena Voetterl, Alexander T. Sack, Hanneke van Dijk, Bieke De Wilde, Jan Van Hecke, Peter Niemegeers, Evian Gordon, Jurjen J. Luykx, Martijn Arns
Summary: This study used a polygenic score (PGS) and electroencephalography (EEG) data analysis to identify potential predictors for treatment outcomes in major depressive disorder (MDD). The results suggest the existence of a stable EEG network related to antidepressant-response that has potential as a predictor for MDD treatment, particularly in the case of venlafaxine.
EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2024)
