Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Beatrise Berzina, Sungu Kim, Umesha Peramune, Kumar Saurabh, Baskar Ganapathysubramanian, Robbyn K. Anand
Summary: Ion concentration polarization (ICP) achieves preconcentration for bioanalysis by depleting electrolyte ions locally, creating an electric field gradient for electrokinetic focusing. However, the rate of ICP is limited, requiring several hours for high enrichment. In this study, a three-dimensional electrode and insulating microbead bed are used to address these challenges.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiuli Chang, Wenfang Liang, Fang Xu, Dapeng Wu, Kai Jiang, Gongke Wang, Zhiyong Gao
Summary: A hierarchically structured bismuth oxyfor-mate (BiOCOOH) negative electrode material was prepared, which exhibited high specific capacity and superior rate capability. It can match the capacity of the positive electrode and maximize the overall charge storage performance.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Xia Zhou, Wei-Bin Zhang, Xiong-Wei Han, Shan-Shan Chai, Shao-Bo Guo, Xian-Li Zhang, Lun Zhang, Xu Bao, Yao-Wen Guo, Xue-Jing Ma
Summary: The salinity gradient energy, also known as blue energy, is a promising renewable energy that widely exists at the junction of river water and seawater. In this review, various techniques for obtaining salinity gradient energy are introduced, with a focus on the mixing entropy battery (MEB) technique. The MEB can extract and store electrochemical energy through a simple four-step cycle. The study of salinity gradient energy is of great significance due to its huge global potential.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xiaoming Chen, Shun Liu, Xu-guang Hu, Tengteng Liu, Mo Shen, Yun Peng, Sheng Hu, Yong Zhao
Summary: Manipulation of micro- and nanoscale objects using induced-charge electro-osmotic (ICEO) vortices is a promising approach for detection and sensing applications. However, the current throughput of this method is limited. To overcome this constraint, a novel method using parallel ICEO vortices is proposed, which allows for higher throughput without compromising efficiency. This method can be applied in disease diagnosis and environmental monitoring by integrating with simple and economical sensors.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jonathan R. Thompson, Logan M. Wilder, Richard M. Crooks
Summary: Experiments and simulations showed that water electrolysis at the bipolar electrode in straight microchannels with unbuffered electrolyte solution can lead to variations in solution conductivity and ionic current density, resulting in sharp electric field gradients. This discovery highlights the significant contribution of ionic current density variations to forming electric field gradients in solution, and demonstrates the usefulness of these electric field gradients for continuously separating microplastics from water in a bifurcated microchannel without the need for membranes.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
M. Bacal, K. Maeshiro, S. Masaki, M. Wada
Summary: The study found that adsorption of tungsten and tantalum on stainless-steel plasma electrode can enhance the H- ion current and reduce the co-extracted electron current, similar to a caesium adsorbed film, improving the efficiency of the ion source.
PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Izumi Umegaki, Kazuki Ohishi, Takehito Nakano, Shoichiro Nishimura, Soshi Takeshita, Akihiro Koda, Kazuhiko Ninomiya, M. Kenya Kubo, Jun Sugiyama
Summary: In this study, the intrinsic self-diffusion coefficient of Li+ in a battery anode material was investigated using negative and positive muon spin rotation and relaxation spectra. The results showed that muonic oxygen is immobile until the spinel decomposition temperature, while the mu(+) at an interstitial site diffuses at high temperatures. By analyzing the temperature dependence of the field fluctuation rate, it was confirmed that Li+ diffusion is responsible for the fluctuation in the internal nuclear magnetic field. The diffusion coefficient was estimated to be 8(2) x 10(-1)2 cm(2)/s at 300 K.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2022)
Review
Energy & Fuels
P. Mohana Sundaram, Chhail Bihari Soni, S. K. Vineeth, C. Sanjaykumar, Vipin Kumar
Summary: With the increasing popularity of portable electronics and renewable energy sources, the demand for safer, more energy-dense, and environmentally friendly batteries has grown. Sodium-ion batteries, seen as safer and cheaper alternatives to lithium-ion batteries, suffer from lower energy density. To improve energy density, sodium-ion batteries are designed in a bipolar configuration with cathode and anode coated on opposite sides of the same current collector. Bipolar sodium-ion batteries are believed to outperform conventional monopolar ones, but face challenges in terms of substrate choice, electrode materials, electrolyte, and interconnections.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Weilong Ai, Niall Kirkaldy, Yang Jiang, Gregory Offer, Huizhi Wang, Billy Wu
Summary: In this study, an electrochemical composite electrode model was developed and validated for lithium-ion batteries with a silicon/graphite anode. The model was able to reproduce voltage hysteresis and demonstrate the interactions between graphite and silicon. This research revealed the effects of silicon additives and the impact of different composite electrodes on the performance of lithium-ion batteries.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Edyta Budzynska, Izabela Wolanska, Jaroslaw Puton
Summary: The presented work focuses on the impact of ionization mechanisms on detection sensitivity in negative-mode ion mobility spectrometry. The research was conducted on selected organic analytes using DT IMS in the negative mode of operation. Two ionization mechanisms, electron capture and ion-molecule reactions, can be used in the negative mode of detection depending on the carrier gas. The experiments were carried out using air and nitrogen as carrier gases, allowing for a comparison of the ionization mechanisms. The study also investigated the effect of oxygen and water admixtures in carrier gases on the detection efficiency of selected organic compounds.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
P. Senthilkumar, Mamata Mohapatra, Suddhasatwa Basu
Summary: The economic viability of CO2 reactors relies on CO2 reduction reaction selectivity and product formation rate. Rational design of electrolyzers significantly impacts key performance indicators. Different reactor configurations and membrane structures, like gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) and membrane electrode assembly (MEA), enhance efficiency and offer commercial potential. Efforts are ongoing to improve CO2 reduction efficiency and selectivity for value-added product generation.
Article
Electrochemistry
Aashutosh Mistry, Stephen Trask, Alison Dunlop, Gerald Jeka, Bryant Polzin, Partha P. Mukherjee, Venkat Srinivasan
Summary: This study systematically characterized the effects of the carbon-binder network on electrode performance by analyzing measured responses using macrohomogeneous models for electrodes with different carbon-binder content, thickness, and porosity but with identical materials. The research found that the impact of the carbon-binder network is more severe than previously thought, even at low content, causing a decrease in reaction area and an increase in ion transport resistance.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Qiang Fu, Bingrui Guo, Weibo Hua, Angelina Sarapulova, Lihua Zhu, Peter G. G. Weidler, Alexander Missyul, Michael Knapp, Helmut Ehrenberg, Sonia Dsoke
Summary: In this study, the electrochemical properties and reaction mechanism of Li3-2xCaxV2(PO4)(3)/C as negative electrode materials for sodium-ion/potassium-ion batteries were investigated. It was found that the Ca content influenced the diffusion-controlled and pseudocapacitive-type processes in the batteries. Li3V2(PO4)(3)/C showed the highest reversible capacity, while Ca1.5V2(PO4)(3)/C exhibited the best rate performance. It was also discovered that the specific capacity of the material did not increase with Ca-content, but the stability and performance at high C-rate improved by replacing Li+ with Ca2+.
Article
Electrochemistry
Toby Bond, Roby Gauthier, A. Eldesoky, Jessie Harlow, J. R. Hahn
Summary: This study demonstrates the use of multi-scale, in situ computed tomography to characterize important changes occurring in different types of NMC materials. By studying polycrystalline and single-crystal NMC batteries, the research reveals the significant impact of cell-level and electrode-level physical changes on battery stability.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jiguo Tu, Cheng Chang, Mingyong Wang, Wei Guan, Shuqiang Jiao
Summary: This study demonstrates that zinc is a promising negative electrode with corrosion resistance, low voltage hysteresis, and stability. Zinc electrode shows good structural integrity, cycling stability, and corrosion resistance in Al dual-ion batteries, making it a viable alternative option for high stability negative electrodes.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Marcelino Varona, Derek R. Eitzmann, Darshna Pagariya, Robbyn K. Anand, Jared L. Anderson
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sungu Kim, Baskar Ganapathysubramanian, Robbyn K. Anand
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2020)
Article
Electrochemistry
Kira L. Rahn, Tyler D. Rhoades, Robbyn K. Anand
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Beatrise Berzina, Robbyn K. Anand
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2020)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Kira L. Rahn, Robbyn K. Anand
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
Janis S. Borchers, Claire R. Campbell, Savanah B. Van Scoy, Morgan J. Clark, Robbyn K. Anand
Summary: An array of bipolar electrodes can be controlled by a single pair of driving electrodes, allowing for multiplexed analysis of multiple biomarkers or cells simultaneously. By utilizing signal amplification through redox cycling, the detection limit decreases by an order of magnitude, enabling multiplexed or spatially resolved sensing at the point of need.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Beatrise Berzina, Sungu Kim, Umesha Peramune, Kumar Saurabh, Baskar Ganapathysubramanian, Robbyn K. Anand
Summary: Ion concentration polarization (ICP) achieves preconcentration for bioanalysis by depleting electrolyte ions locally, creating an electric field gradient for electrokinetic focusing. However, the rate of ICP is limited, requiring several hours for high enrichment. In this study, a three-dimensional electrode and insulating microbead bed are used to address these challenges.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Han Chen, Jared L. Anderson, Robbyn K. Anand
Summary: This paper presents an electropolymerization-based on-chip valving system, which allows the creation of solid conductive polymeric ionic liquid (CPIL) microstructures at specific locations determined by microfluidics, phase boundaries, and electrode potentials. The CPIL is synthesized using an imidazolium-based ionic liquid functionalized with a pyrrole moiety, and its viscosity, hydrophobicity, and oxidation potential can be tuned. The method involves displacing the aqueous phase with CPIL using bipolar electrodes and applying different waveforms to generate immobilized polymer films in different patterns.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Aparna Krishnamurthy, Robbyn K. K. Anand
Summary: Microscale extraction offers advantages in sample throughput, specificity, and efficiency, which can be utilized to improve assays, sensor signals, and sample purification. Electrokinetic microextraction techniques have gained attention for their control over mass transport, ease of actuation, and portability, making them suitable for microscale and point-of-care devices. While most articles focus on analyte preconcentration using ion concentration polarization (ICP), few have explored the subsequent extraction step. This review discusses recent advancements in ICP-mediated microfluidic extraction methods and their potential for further development.
TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Joseph T. Banovetz, Sivani Manimaran, Benjamin T. Schelske, Robbyn K. Anand
Summary: This paper presents an integrated and scalable method for analyzing enzymatic activity in multiple individual cancer cells simultaneously. The method captures tumor cells using dielectrophoresis and transfers them into microfluidic chambers for isolated and sealed lysis. The method allows for high rate capture of single cells, independent of chamber dimensions, without the need for mechanical closure, and without observed cross-talk. This method has the potential to study enzymatic expression and activity in cancer cells, providing insights into heterogeneity, metabolism, invasiveness, and drug response, and enabling tailored treatment plans.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Sommer Osman, Echo L. L. Claus, Robbyn K. K. Anand
Summary: In this study, a microfluidic bead-based lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) with a novel label-free, non-optical sensing mechanism for protein binding detection was developed. The device consisted of bioconjugated microbeads as a test line and a three-dimensional (3D) electrode for sensing. By measuring the ionic conductivity shift across the bioconjugated beads at the surface of the 3D electrode, the protein binding could be detected. A model antigen, rabbit IgG, was used for quantitative evaluation with a limit of detection (LOD) of 50 nM for the LFIA. To improve the LOD, an electrokinetic preconcentration technique, faradaic ion concentration polarization (fICP), was implemented, resulting in an improvement in sensitivity and LOD.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Beatrise Berzina, Umesha Peramune, Sungu Kim, Kumar Saurabh, Echo L. Claus, Madison E. Strait, Baskar Ganapathysubramanian, Robbyn K. Anand
Summary: In this study, a method that combines the electrokinetic pre-enrichment of nucleic acids with label-free electrochemical detection is reported. The hybridization of target nucleic acids to probemodified microbeads modulates ion conduction, similar to nanopore sensors. This approach has advantages of simple power supply requirement, easy fabrication, and high sensitivity.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Sungu Kim, Aparna Krishnamurthy, Pooja Kasiviswanathan, Baskar Ganapathysubramanian, Robbyn K. Anand
Summary: This study demonstrates the use of droplets and ion concentration polarization to rapidly lyse breast cancer cells and enrich low-abundance intracellular analytes.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Han Chen, Sommer Y. Osman, Devon L. Moose, Marion Vanneste, Jared L. Anderson, Michael D. Henry, Robbyn K. Anand
Summary: This paper presents a dielectrophoretic method for selecting rare circulating melanoma cells (CMCs) without reliable surface antigens in blood. The method uses wireless bipolar electrodes (BPEs) aligned to nanoliter-scale chambers to individually capture CMCs for subsequent single-cell analysis. The study evaluated the dielectrophoretic response of melanoma cell lines, patient-derived melanoma cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using two different platforms to determine optimal conditions for CMC isolation. The results showed that the DEP-BPE platform achieved the highest capture efficiency at 50 kHz while maintaining a low rate of capture for unwanted PBMCs. The study also demonstrated successful isolation of melanoma cells from both contrived and clinical samples using the optimized conditions.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Kira L. Rahn, Sommer Y. Osman, Quinlan G. Pollak, Robbyn K. Anand
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the need for sensitive and selective point-of-care diagnostic sensors for early and rapid detection of infection. In this study, ion concentration polarization (ICP) is used to improve the sensitivity of paper-based lateral flow assays (LFAs) by preconcentrating the analyte, SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (S-protein), directly over a test line. The results show that the described ICP-enhanced LFA can concentrate the S-protein by 21-fold, leading to a significant increase in signal compared to a regular LFA.
ANALYTICAL METHODS
(2023)
