Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ana Pilar Betran, Jiangfeng Ye, Ann-Beth Moller, Joao Paulo Souza, Jun Zhang
Summary: The global cesarean section rate has been steadily increasing since 1990, with projections showing continued rise by 2030. Southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa are expected to face a complex scenario involving unmet need, overuse, resource drainage, and avoidable morbidity and mortality. Comprehensive action is needed to address this global priority in order to achieve Sustainable Development Goals.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Aisha Shalash, Yasmeen Wahdan, Hasan M. M. Alsalman, Ala'a Jamal Kamel Shehab, Tayseer Afifi, Hendia A. Nabaa, Iman Sarsour, Naheel Jarour, Alaa Hamed, Niveen M. E. Abu-Rmeileh
Summary: This study found variations in cesarean section rates among governmental hospitals, primarily due to different interpretations of the national guidelines. High-rate hospitals relied on obstetrician decisions, while low-rate hospitals used collective decision-making. Additionally, continuous training, in-house training, and case discussions were identified as important factors to strengthen the implementation of the guidelines.
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Manar E. Abdel-Rahman, Lukman Thalib, Duriya A. Rayis
Summary: This study aims to document the rates of caesarean section (CS) delivery, its time trend, and geographic and sociodemographic variability in Sudan. The study found that over a decade, CS rates in Sudan increased steadily and varied across regions. Important determinants of CS in Sudan include geographic regions, maternal age, maternal education, receiving antenatal care, and birth order of the child.
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2022)
Article
Economics
Manuchehr Irandoust
Summary: Several theories emphasize the important role of agricultural development in industrialization. This study examines the causal relationship between sectoral output in agriculture and manufacturing in eight post-communist countries, finding that the growth complementarity hypothesis is confirmed in five countries.
STRUCTURAL CHANGE AND ECONOMIC DYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Melissa Amyx, Marianne Philibert, Alex Farr, Serena Donati, Alexander K. Smarason, Vlad Tica, Petr Velebil, Sophie Alexander, Melanie Durox, Maria Fernandez Elorriaga, Guenther Heller, Theopisti Kyprianou, Ewa Mierzejewska, Ivan Verdenik, Irisa Zile-Velika, Jennifer Zeitlin
Summary: The study assessed changes in caesarean section (CS) rates in Europe from 2015 to 2019, and used the Robson Ten Group Classification System (TGCS) to evaluate the contribution of different obstetric populations to overall CS rates and trends. The findings showed that CS rates and trends varied among the 28 European countries. The TGCS analysis revealed that labour induction increased in most countries, while multiple pregnancies decreased. Countries with decreasing CS rates tended to see decreases across all TGCS groups, whereas countries with increasing rates tended to see increases in most groups. In countries with the greatest increase in CS rates, the absolute contribution of certain TGCS groups to the overall CS rate tended to increase.
BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Louise Gallagher, Valerie Smith, Margaret Carroll, Kathleen Hannon, Denise Lawler, Cecily Begley
Summary: This study aimed to explore the perspectives of pregnant women and clinicians on how to reduce caesarean section (CS) rates. The findings suggest that the societal perception that CS has become a "normal mode of birth" contributes to the rising CS rates. Both clinicians and pregnant women believe that reducing CS rates can be achieved by prioritizing a shared philosophy supporting normal birth and improving communication between healthcare providers and pregnant women.
Article
Economics
Mirjana Cizmovic, Yochanan Shachmurove, Milos Vulanovic
Summary: Over the past three decades, Eastern European countries have experienced a decline in their share of the industrial production sector overall, with varying levels of export sophistication and economic development due to trade liberalisation and integration in international production networks. The study finds a heterogeneous yet significant negative relationship between currency strengthening and industrial production, with this negative effect being less pronounced in countries with higher economic complexity and broader participation in global value chains.
POST-COMMUNIST ECONOMIES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Neeraj Puro, Reena J. Kelly, Mandar Bodas, Scott Feyereisen
Summary: This study reveals that the rate of C-sections is higher among expectant mothers covered by private insurance compared to those covered by public insurance. Although the majority of the difference in C-section rates remains unexplained (approximately 66.3%), advancing maternal age and socioeconomic status of the expectant mother contribute to the remaining 33.7% difference.
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Thinley Dorji, Phurb Dorji, Sonam Gyamtsho, Saran Tenzin Tamang, Tshering Wangden, Sangay Wangmo, Don Eliseo Lucero Prisno
Summary: The average national rate of caesarean section in Bhutan from 2015 to 2019 was 20.1%, showing a statistically significant increase. The common indications for caesarean deliveries include past caesarean section history, foetal distress, failed progress of labor, cephalo-pelvic disproportion, and malpresentation. The rising trend of caesarean section rates in Bhutan calls for a review of obstetric standards and practices to reduce primary caesarean sections and align with the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal agendas.
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Katariina Laine, Aase Devold Pay, Branka M. Yli
Summary: A study in Norway found that the rate of caesarean section (CS) decreased between 1999 and 2018, while fetal and neonatal mortality rates also decreased. Norwegian obstetricians and midwives played a significant role in maintaining a low CS rate below 17%, indicating that restricting the use of CS is a safe option for perinatal health.
Article
Business, Finance
Patricia Born, Douglas Bujakowski
Summary: This study evaluates the development of insurance markets in 18 post-communist European countries over a 10-year period, finding that licensing and trade practices, monetary stability, consumer protections, and government transfers are relevant to insurance consumption. These findings have important implications for policymakers aiming to increase insurance coverage in post-communist countries.
GENEVA RISK AND INSURANCE REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Economics
Antonella Biscione, Raul Caruso, Annunziata de Felice
Summary: This paper aims to identify the determinants of environmental innovation in manufacturing firms in European Transition countries, using data from the Community Innovation Survey CIS14. Regulation is found to significantly influence eco-innovation, with high turnover firms being particularly impacted. Additionally, high tax rates are positively associated with eco-innovation, suggesting that firms prefer investing in environmental innovation over paying high taxes.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sibylle C. Mellinghoff, Caroline Bruns, Markus Albertsmeier, Juliane Ankert, Louis Bernard, Sofia Budin, Camille Bataille, Annika Y. Classen, Florian B. Cornely, Elodie Couve-Deacon, Maria Fernandez Ferrer, Jesus Fortun, Alicia Galar, Eva Grill, Thomas Guimard, Juergen A. Hampl, Sebastian Wingen-Heimann, Juan P. Horcajada, Felix Koehler, Carolin Koll, Joan Mollar, Patricia Munoz, Mathias W. Pletz, Jule Rutz, Jon Salmanton-Garcia, Harald Seifert, Ferdinand Serracino-Inglott, Alex Soriano, Jannik Stemler, Janne J. Vehreschild, Tim O. Vilz, Jan-Hendrik Naendrup, Oliver A. Cornely, Blasius J. Liss
Summary: This study retrospectively investigated the incidence and risk factors of S. aureus SSI in various surgical disciplines in Europe, and found a low infection rate. The study provides a method for utilizing big data in epidemiological research.
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND INFECTION CONTROL
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Maria Valle, Marta Ximenis, Xabier Lopez de Pariza, Julian M. W. Chan, Haritz Sardon
Summary: Organocatalysis has become an effective complement to metal- or enzyme-based catalysis in polymer chemistry, with applications in polymerization, polymer functionalization, and depolymerization. Organocatalysts have advantages in ease of removal and sustainability compared to transition-metal-based catalysts, driving development in specialty applications such as medical devices, drug delivery, and optoelectronics. The use of organocatalysis and other organomediated reactions in polymer chemistry is rapidly expanding, especially in areas like controlled radical polymerization, additive manufacturing, and chemical recycling.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Diogo Libanio, Jessica R. Rodrigues, Maria J. Bento, Alanna Ebigbo, Helmut Messman, Rob H. A. Verhoeven, Nancy Van Damme, Raf Bisschops, Manon C. W. Spaander, Mario Dinis-Ribeiro
Summary: This study found an increase in the incidence of early gastric cancer and a decrease in age-standardized mortality rates in Northwestern and Southern European countries. The study also showed an improvement in early diagnosis and survival rates during the study period.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Michal Shimonovich, Anna Pearce, Hilary Thomson, Gerry McCartney, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi
Summary: This article describes a systematic review protocol that aims to assess the causal relationship between income inequality and mortality and self-rated health. The authors will search multiple databases for relevant studies and utilize various assessment tools and statistical methods to analyze the data. The findings of this research are significant for public policy and public health.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Anesthesiology
Claire E. Hastie, Hamish M. E. Foster, Bhautesh D. Jani, Catherine A. O'Donnell, Frederick K. Ho, Jill P. Pell, Naveed Sattar, Srinivasa V. Katikireddi, Frances S. Mair, Barbara I. Nicholl
Summary: We investigated the association between self-reported chronic pain and COVID-19 hospitalization or mortality. The study found that chronic pain was associated with higher risk of hospitalization for COVID-19, even after adjusting for other variables, with a clear dose-response relationship. However, the association with COVID-19 mortality was unclear.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ronan McCabe, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Ruth Dundas, Mika Gissler, Peter Craig
Summary: The study evaluated the impact of the Finnish Maternity Grant, which includes the Finnish Baby Box, on infant mortality rates. The introduction of the grant in 1938 was associated with an increase in infant mortality rates, while the universalization of the grant in 1949 was associated with a decrease in infant mortality rates. However, the changes in mortality rates cannot be solely attributed to the baby box policy, as other factors such as the Second World War may have influenced the results. Therefore, the relationship between the Finnish Baby Box or similar interventions and infant mortality remains unclear.
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Rachel M. Thomson, Daniel Kopasker, Alastair Leyland, Anna Pearce, S. Vittal Katikireddi
Summary: This study estimated the effect of poverty on mental health using causal epidemiology. The results showed a significant absolute effect of poverty on the prevalence of common mental disorders in the UK working-age population, with larger effects observed in women. The population attributable fraction for moving into poverty was 6.34%, indicating that poverty contributes to a significant burden of mental health in this population.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Educational
Claire Goodfellow, Malachi Willis, Joanna Inchley, Kalpa Kharicha, Alastair H. Leyland, Pamela Qualter, Sharon Simpson, Emily Long
Summary: Based on social-ecological theory, this study found that loneliness is associated with mental health, and this association varies in school settings. Loneliness, as well as demographic, social, and school factors, was found to be related to mental health. Furthermore, the negative impact of loneliness on mental health was stronger in schools with lower average mental health scores.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Emily J. Tweed, Alastair H. Leyland, David S. Morrison, S. Vittal Katikireddi
Summary: This study used administrative data to conduct a unique population study of residents in Glasgow, Scotland, and found that experiences of social disadvantage are common. The study revealed that homelessness, justice involvement, opioid dependence, and psychosis are common forms of disadvantage, with the highest impact on men and residents in deprived areas. The study suggests that the methods used to analyze this data offer opportunities to evaluate the impact of policy and service changes on health.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sol Pia Juarez, Helena Honkaniemi, Siddartha Aradhya, Enrico Debiasi, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Agneta F. Cederstroem, Eleonora Mussino, Mikael Rostila
Summary: Using a social determinants of health perspective, this project aims to study the association between disproportionate COVID-19 mortality among immigrants in Sweden and social factors such as differential exposure to the virus and differential effects of infection due to pre-existing health conditions, healthcare seeking behavior, and inequitable healthcare provision. The study will utilize health and sociodemographic information from Swedish national registers. Statistical modeling techniques including mediation analyses, multilevel models, Poisson regression, and event history analyses will be employed.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Renzo Flores-Ortiz, Rosemeire L. Fiaccone, Alastair Leyland, Christopher Millett, Thomas Hone, Maria Ines Schmidt, Andrea J. F. Ferreira, Maria Y. Ichihara, Camila Teixeira, Mauro N. Sanchez, Julia Pescarini, Estela M. L. Aquino, Deborah C. Malta, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Juliane Fonseca de Oliveira, Peter Craig, Rita C. Ribeiro-Silva, Mauricio L. Barreto, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi
Summary: This study examined the association between subsidised housing residency and diabetes mortality among low-income adults in Brazil. The findings showed that subsidised housing residents had a higher risk of diabetes-related death, especially in low socioeconomic status municipalities.
BMJ OPEN DIABETES RESEARCH & CARE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Theocharis Kromydas, Evangelia Demou, Rhiannon Edge, Matthew Gittins, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Neil Pearce, Martie van Tongeren, Jack Wilkinson, Sarah Rhodes
Summary: The risk and prevalence of long-COVID differ across industries and occupations. Generally, the likelihood of developing long-COVID symptoms follows the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection, except for professional occupations.
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Patricia Irizar, Dharmi Kapadia, Sarah Amele, Laia Becares, Pip Divall, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Eliud Kibuchi, Dylan Kneale, Ronan Mccabe, James Nazroo, Laura B. Nellums, Harry Taylor, Shirley Sze, Daniel Pan, Manish Pareek
Summary: This study aims to explore the potential pathways that lead to ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 health outcomes. The results showed that mortality and infection rates were the most investigated outcomes, with the majority of studies being quantitative in nature. Very few studies examined racism as a driver of inequalities.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mark A. Green, Martin McKee, Olivia K. L. Hamilton, Richard J. Shaw, John Macleod, Andy Boyd, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi
Summary: This study examined the association between disrupted access to healthcare during the covid-19 pandemic and the risk of avoidable hospital admissions. The findings showed that people who experienced disrupted access had a higher likelihood of potentially preventable hospital admission. This highlights the importance of increasing healthcare investment to address the implications of the pandemic and protect treatments and procedures during future pandemics.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jelena Milicev, Pamela Qualter, Claire Goodfellow, Joanna Inchley, Sharon Anne Simpson, Alastair H. Leyland, Kalpa Kharicha, Emily Long
Summary: This study examines the changes in mental wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK, focusing on loneliness, life satisfaction, and psychological distress. The results show significant interactions between these outcomes and the influence of individual, social, and environmental factors on the rates of change.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-HEIDELBERG
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Giulio Castelpietra, Ann Kristin Skrindo Knudsen, Emilie E. Agardh, Benedetta Armocida, Massimiliano Beghi, Kim Moesgaard Iburg, Giancarlo Logroscino, Rui Ma, Fabrizio Starace, Nicholas Steel, Giovanni Addolorato, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Jose L. Ayuso-Mateos, Maciej Banach, Till Winfried Barnighausen, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Felix Carvalho, Marcia Carvalho, Joht Singh Chandan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Rosa A. S. Couto, Natalia Cruz-Martins, Paul Dargan, Keshab Deuba, Diana Dias da Silva, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Eduarda Fernandes, Pietro Ferrara, Florian Fischer, Peter Andras Gaal, Alessandro Gialluisi, Juanita A. Haagsma, Josep Maria Haro, M. Tasdik Hasan, Syed Shahzad Hasan, Sorin Hostiuc, Licia Iacoviello, Ivo Iavicoli, Elham Jamshidi, Jost B. Jonas, Tamas Joo, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Joonas H. Kauppila, Moien A. B. Khan, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Mika Kivimaki, Kamrun Nahar Koly, Ai Koyanagi, Manasi Kumar, Tea Lallukka, Berthold Langguth, Caterina Ledda, Paul H. Lee, Ilaria Lega, Christine Linehan, Joana A. Loureiro, Aurea M. Madureira-Carvalho, Jose Martinez-Raga, Manu Raj Mathur, John J. McGrath, Enkeleint A. Mechili, Alexios-Fotios A. Mentis, Tomislav Mestrovic, Bartosz Miazgowski, Andreea Mirica, Antonio Mirijello, Babak Moazen, Shafiu Mohammed, Francesk Mulita, Gabriele Nagel, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Vincent Ebuka Nwatah, Alicia Padron-Monedero, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Shahina Pardhan, Maja Pasovic, Jay Patel, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Marina Pinheiro, Richard Charles G. Pollok, Maarten J. Postma, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Esperanza Romero-Rodriguez, Luca Ronfani, Dominic Sagoe, Francesco Sanmarchi, Michael P. Schaub, Nigussie Tadesse Sharew, Rahman Shiri, Farhad Shokraneh, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Joao Pedro Silva, Renata Silva, Bogdan Socea, Miklos Szocska, Rafael Tabares-Seisdedos, Marco Torrado, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Massimiliano Veroux, Russell M. Viner, Andrea Werdecker, Andrea Sylvia Winkler, Simon Hay, Alize J. Ferrari, Mohsen Naghavi, Peter Allebeck, Lorenzo Monasta
Summary: Mental health conditions pose a significant burden on young people in Europe, with high prevalence rates of mental disorders, substance use disorders, and self-harm. The study highlights variations in the burden of these conditions across countries, genders, and age groups, with countries with lower socio-demographic development index experiencing higher rates of substance use disorders and self-harm.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE
(2022)
