Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
P. Boknik, J. Eskandar, B. Hofmann, N. Zimmermann, J. Neumann, U. Gergs
Summary: This review provides an overview of the localization and role of cardiac A(2A)-adenosine receptors, as well as their potential involvement in relevant cardiac pathologies. The review also discusses the cardiac utility of A(2A)-AR as therapeutic targets and identifies gaps in knowledge for future research.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Carmela Cerra, Mariacristina Filice, Alessia Caferro, Rosa Mazza, Alfonsina Gattuso, Sandra Imbrogno
Summary: Aquatic animals are facing increasing challenges due to fluctuations in oxygen levels caused by global warming and eutrophication. Teleost fish, such as species from the Cyprinidae family, demonstrate species-specific adaptability to low oxygen environments. These fish have developed unique mechanisms to preserve cardiac function, allowing them to survive in low oxygen conditions. By studying these adaptations, researchers can gain insights into functional changes and molecular events in the fish heart, with potential applications in environmental management and decision making.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Anna Duran-Corbera, Melissa Faria, Yuanyuan Ma, Eva Prats, Andre Dias, Juanlo Catena, Karen L. Martinez, Demetrio Raldua, Amadeu Llebaria, Xavier Rovira
Summary: In this study, a new strategy for light-controlled activation of beta(1)-AR was reported using photoswitchable drugs with high selectivity for beta(1)-/beta(2)-AR. The molecules reported in this study allowed for efficient real-time optical control of receptor function in vitro. The best hit, pAzo-2, showed reversible photocontrol of binding and enabled dynamic cardiac rhythm management on living zebrafish larvae using light.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Quanxia Lyu, Shu Gong, Jarmon G. Lees, Jialiang Yin, Lim Wei Yap, Anne M. Kong, Qianqian Shi, Runfang Fu, Qiang Zhu, Ash Dyer, Jennifer M. Dyson, Shiang Y. Lim, Wenlong Cheng
Summary: This study presents a method using a soft resistive force-sensing diaphragm to monitor the contraction forces and beating patterns of cardiac organoids in real-time. The method overcomes the mismatch between the topological complexity and soft tissue properties of organoids and rigid force sensors, providing a new approach for studying the mechanical properties of cardiac tissues.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Francisco Sandro Menezes-Rodrigues, Marcelo Pires de Oliveira, Erisvaldo Amarante Araujo, Henrique Ballalai Ferraz, Josef Finsterer, Efrain Olszewer, Murched Omar Taha, Carla Alessandra Scorza, Afonso Caricati-Neto, Ffilvio Alexandre Scorza
Summary: The study found that cardiac fi1-Adrenergic receptors and A1-Adenosine receptors play a crucial role in arrhythmias in Parkinson's Disease. Modulating these receptors could be a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce arrhythmias and increase life expectancy in PD patients.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicola Laura Diry, Megan Kay Wood, Taejoon Won, Monica Vladut Talor, Clarisse Lukban, Djahida Bedja, Nadan Wang, Hannah Kalinoski, Abdel Daoud, C. Conover Talbot Jr, Brian Leei Lin, Daniela Cihakova
Summary: Hypereosinophilic syndrome is a progressive disease that leads to organ damage, with cardiac pathology being the main cause of mortality. Understanding the mechanisms of eosinophil-mediated tissue damage can aid in therapeutic development.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Andre Luiz de Moura, Patricia Chakur Brum, Ana Elisa Teofilo Saturi de Carvalho, Regina Celia Spadari
Summary: Altered sensitivity to catecholamines and reduction in beta(1)/beta(2)-adrenoceptor ratio were observed in failing and senescent human heart, as well as in stressed rats. This study aimed to investigate the role of beta(1)-adrenoceptor (beta(1)-AR) in stressed mice expressing a non-functional beta(2)-AR. The results showed that the absence of beta(2)-AR signaling did not affect the behavior of beta(1)-AR during stress, and the reduction of beta(1)-AR expression was independent of beta(2)-AR presence.
Review
Physiology
Volodymyr V. V. Balatskyi, Adrian Sowka, Pawel Dobrzyn, Oksana O. O. Piven
Summary: The WNT/beta-catenin pathway plays an important regulatory role in cardiac development and growth. Its activity is low in healthy adult hearts, but even this low activity is essential for maintaining normal heart function. Acute activation of the pathway is considered cardioprotective after infarction, while chronically high activity causes profibrotic and hypertrophic effects in the adult heart.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Barbara Szeiffova Bacova, Katarina Andelova, Matus Sykora, Tamara Egan Benova, Miroslav Barancik, Lin Hai Kurahara, Narcis Tribulova
Summary: This review focuses on cardiac atrophy resulting from mechanical or metabolic unloading and discusses the mechanisms and possible interventions to prevent or reverse myocardial atrophy. Decrease in left ventricular mass may be the central component in cardiac deconditioning and may help prevent life-threatening arrhythmias. Persistent myocardial atrophy can lead to cardiac dysfunction and heart failure.
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
K. A. CHEN, S. H. I. R. L. E. Y. WANG, Z. H. O. N. G. J. I. E. SUN
Summary: The downregulation of AC4 may contribute to Klotho deficiency-induced heart failure. Cardiac-specific expression of AC4 gene can increase cardiomyocytic cAMP levels, alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction, superoxide accumulation, and apoptotic cell death, and protect against heart disease caused by Klotho deficiency.
TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Qingtong Wang, Ying Wang, Toni M. West, Yongming Liu, Gopireddy R. Reddy, Federica Barbagallo, Bing Xu, Qian Shi, Bingqing Deng, Wei Wei, Yang K. Xiang
Summary: By studying the molecular signaling and positive cardiac contractility induced by beta-blockers in the heart, it was found that carvedilol can promote cardiac inotropy and have a protective effect in diabetic mice. The observations suggest a novel beta(1)AR-NOS3 signaling pathway that may be targeted in therapy for heart diseases with reduced ejection fraction.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Qingtong Wang, Ying Wang, Toni M. West, Yongming Liu, Gopireddy R. Reddy, Federica Barbagallo, Bing Xu, Qian Shi, Bingqing Deng, Wei Wei, Yang K. Xiang
Summary: The study investigated the molecular signaling and effects of beta-blockers on cardiac inotropy in animal hearts. The results showed that carvedilol, a beta-blocker, can promote cardiac contractility through a specific signaling pathway, restoring heart function in diabetic mice and reducing cell apoptosis and hypertrophy in diabetic hearts.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Han Yang, Michal Poznik, Shaojian Tang, Peng Xue, Lidong Du, Chenlu Liu, Xiaochuan Chen, Jason J. Chruma
Summary: A synthetic approach was reported to generate unique structural analogues of the alkaloid yohimbine, with one compound demonstrating increased cytotoxicity against gastric cancer cells.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mario Gaudino, Tommaso Sanna, Karla V. Ballman, N. Bryce Robinson, Irbaz Hameed, Katia Audisio, Mohamed Rahouma, Antonino Di Franco, Giovanni J. Soletti, Christopher Lau, Lisa Q. Rong, Massimo Massetti, Marc Gillinov, Niv Ad, Pierre Voisine, J. Michael DiMaio, Joanna Chikwe, Stephen E. Fremes, Filippo Crea, John D. Puskas, Leonard Girardi
Summary: Posterior left pericardiotomy is highly effective in reducing the incidence of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery without additional risk of postoperative complications, according to a randomized controlled trial.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dany Silva, Katarzyna Kacprzak, Clara Quintas, Jorge Goncalves, Paula Fresco
Summary: Beta-adrenoceptors play a role in the regulation of lipid droplet dynamics in breast cancer cells, and their activation can lead to lipid accumulation. This effect is dependent on beta(1)- and beta(3)-adrenoceptors, as well as the cAMP signaling pathway.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Oscar Horwath, Marcus Moberg, Filip J. Larsen, Andrew Philp, William Apro, Bjorn Ekblom
Summary: This study investigated fiber type-specific satellite cell (SC) content in men and women and found that women have lower SC content in type II fibers compared to men. Positive correlations between SC content and fiber size were observed in men but not in women. Sex-based differences were also noted for fiber type composition and fiber size, indicating important implications for studying exercise- and training-induced myogenic responses in skeletal muscle.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Ben Stocks, Stephen P. Ashcroft, Sophie Joanisse, Linda C. Dansereau, Yen Chin Koay, Yasir S. Elhassan, Gareth G. Lavery, Lake-Ee Quek, John F. O'Sullivan, Ashleigh M. Philp, Gareth A. Wallis, Andrew Philp
Summary: Acute supplementation of nicotinamide riboside (NR) does not affect substrate metabolism or NAD(+)-sensitive signaling pathways in human skeletal muscle during or after endurance exercise. Although NR supplementation does not increase skeletal muscle NAD(+) concentration, it does affect the concentration of NAD(+) metabolome, demonstrating skeletal muscle bioavailability of NR supplementation.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Joseph J. Bass, Abid A. Kazi, Colleen S. Deane, Asif Nakhuda, Stephen P. Ashcroft, Matthew S. Brook, Daniel J. Wilkinson, Bethan E. Phillips, Andrew Philp, Janelle Tarum, Fawzi Kadi, Ditte Andersen, Amadeo Munoz Garcia, Ken Smith, Iain J. Gallagher, Nathaniel J. Szewczyk, Mark E. Cleasby, Philip J. Atherton
Summary: Reduced vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression leads to skeletal muscle atrophy through the induction of autophagy, without affecting muscle protein synthesis or anabolic signaling. VDR knockdown impairs mitochondrial function and myogenic regulation, highlighting its crucial role in maintaining muscle mass and limiting autophagy. These findings suggest a fundamental regulatory role of VDR in myogenesis and muscle mass regulation.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Ashleigh M. Philp, Nicholas J. Saner, Michael Lazarou, Ian G. Ganley, Andrew Philp
Summary: Mitochondria are dynamic organelles designed to meet cellular energy demands, exhibiting high plasticity in response to alterations in energy demand. Aerobic exercise is a potent stimulus for skeletal muscle remodelling, leading to changes in mitochondrial quality control. There is a rapidly advancing understanding of mitochondrial quality control in skeletal muscle and the regulatory role of aerobic exercise on this process.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Benoit Smeuninx, Yasir S. Elhassan, Konstantinos N. Manolopoulos, Elizabeth Sapey, Alison B. Rushton, Sophie J. Edwards, Paul T. Morgan, Andrew Philp, Matthew S. Brook, Nima Gharahdaghi, Kenneth Smith, Philip J. Atherton, Leigh Breen
Summary: Short-term resistance exercise prehabilitation increased myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in older men, but did not prevent the decline in myofibrillar protein synthesis and muscle mass during bed rest.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rebecca A. Ellwood, Jennifer E. Hewitt, Roberta Torregrossa, Ashleigh M. Philp, Justin P. Hardee, Samantha Hughes, David van de Klashorst, Nima Gharahdaghi, Taslim Anupom, Luke Slade, Colleen S. Deane, Michael Cooke, Timothy Etheridge, Mathew Piasecki, Adam Antebi, Gordon S. Lynch, Andrew Philp, Siva A. Vanapalli, Matthew Whiteman, Nathaniel J. Szewczyk
Summary: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder characterized by muscle degeneration and weakness. Recent studies have shown that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) supplementation may improve muscle function and metabolism, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for DMD. Deficits in H2S may contribute to DMD pathology, and delivery of H2S compounds could be a promising treatment strategy.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Justin P. Hardee, Karen J. B. Martins, Paula M. Miotto, James G. Ryall, Stefan M. Gehrig, Boris Reljic, Timur Naim, Jin D. Chung, Jen Trieu, Kristy Swiderski, Ashleigh M. Philp, Andrew Philp, Matthew J. Watt, David A. Stroud, Rene Koopman, Gregory R. Steinberg, Gordon S. Lynch
Summary: The study demonstrates that low-frequency electrical stimulation can promote metabolic and mitochondrial remodeling in dystrophic muscles in mice, offering therapeutic potential for ameliorating dystrophic pathology and protecting against injury.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Stephen P. Ashcroft, Gareth Fletcher, Ashleigh M. Philp, Carl Jenkinson, Shatarupa Das, Philip M. Hansbro, Philip J. Atherton, Andrew Philp
Summary: The study found that diet-induced vitamin D deficiency reduced skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in C57BL/6J mice, indicating a potential role of vitamin D in regulating muscle fatigue and performance deficits.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Ed Maunder, Helen E. Bradley, Colleen S. Deane, Adrian B. Hodgson, Michael Jones, Sophie Joanisse, Alice M. Turner, Leigh Breen, Andrew Philp, Gareth A. Wallis
Summary: The study found that metabolic responses to steady-state aerobic exercise are somewhat resistant to short-term changes in dietary carbohydrate (CHO) intake within the 5-6.5 g CHO.kg(-1).day(-1) (46-61% energy intake) range. In contrast, reducing short-term dietary CHO intake to around 2.4 g CHO.kg(-1).day(-1) (21% energy intake) resulted in significant metabolic changes indicative of increased fat and decreased CHO metabolism during exercise.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emma L. Watson, Thomas J. Wilkinson, Tom F. O'Sullivan, Luke A. Baker, Douglas W. Gould, Soteris Xenophontos, Matt Graham-Brown, Rupert Major, Carl Jenkinson, Martin Hewison, Andrew Philp, Alice C. Smith
Summary: The study found that vitamin D deficiency is not a prominent factor driving the loss of muscle mass in CKD patients, but may play a role in reduced exercise capacity.
JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joaquin Perez-Schindler, Bastian Kohl, Konstantin Schneider-Heieck, Aurel B. Leuchtmann, Carlos Henriquez-Olguin, Volkan Adak, Geraldine Maier, Julien Delezie, Thomas Sakoparnig, Elyzabeth Vargas-Fernandez, Bettina Karrer-Cardel, Danilo Ritz, Alexander Schmidt, Maria Hondele, Thomas E. Jensen, Sebastian Hiller, Christoph Handschin
Summary: This research has revealed the central role of the C-terminal domain of PGC-1 alpha in transcriptional regulation, showing its function in assembling multiprotein complexes to control gene transcription and RNA processing in liquid-like nuclear condensates. The compartmentalization of active transcription mediated by liquid-liquid phase separation in skeletal muscle provides insight into how PGC1 alpha regulates complex transcriptional networks, offering a broad conceptual framework for context-dependent transcriptional control of phenotypic adaptations in metabolically active tissues.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
James Sligar, Danielle A. DeBruin, Nicholas J. Saner, Ashleigh M. Philp, Andrew Philp
Summary: Mitochondria, as the main energy-producing organelles of the cell, play a crucial role in various biological processes in skeletal muscle. Age-related deterioration in skeletal muscle functional capacity is partly driven by a decrease in oxidative capacity and fatigue resistance, which are caused by mitochondrial dysfunction due to alterations in mitochondrial quality control (MQC). Recent research has shown that manipulating MQC may hold great therapeutic potential in preventing mitochondrial dysfunction during aging.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Luke A. Baker, Thomas F. O'Sullivan, Katherine A. Robinson, Matthew P. M. Graham-Brown, Rupert W. Major, Robert U. Ashford, Alice C. Smith, Andrew Philp, Emma L. Watson
Summary: Researchers systematically characterized muscle cells derived from chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, finding higher rates of protein degradation and anabolic resistance to IGF-1 compared to controls. This suggests that these cells can serve as a reliable model for studying CKD-related muscle wasting.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Vitor F. Martins, Samuel A. LaBarge, Alexandra Stanley, Kristoffer Svensson, Chao-Wei Hung, Omer Keinan, Theodore P. Ciaraldi, Dion Banoian, Ji E. Park, Christina Ha, Byron Hetrick, Gretchen A. Meyer, Andrew Philp, Larry L. David, Robert R. Henry, Joseph E. Aslan, Alan R. Saltiel, Carrie. E. McCurdy, Simon Schenk
Summary: This study highlights the fundamental role of acetylation and p300/CBP in the direct regulation of insulin-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle and adipocytes.
Review
Cell Biology
Jessica R. Dent, Ben Stocks, Dean G. Campelj, Andrew Philp
Summary: Endurance exercise induces metabolic changes in skeletal muscle that initiate molecular pathways for mitochondrial adaptation and remodeling. These changes include modulation of cellular nutrient, energetic, and contractile stress pathways, leading to increased mitochondrial gene transcription and translation. This results in the growth and assembly of mitochondria and a greater capacity for aerobic ATP production in skeletal muscle.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
