Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xinzhi Li, Ying Yang, Zheng Chen
Summary: This study reveals the essential role of YTHDC1 in maintaining beta-cell function and suggests that its downregulation in type 2 diabetes may be attributed to lipotoxicity and chronic inflammation.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xinzhi Li, Yuze Jiang, Xu Sun, Yongsen Wu, Zheng Chen
Summary: This study found that under inflammatory and oxidative stress conditions, METTL3 is downregulated, and deletion of Mettl3 induces beta-cell failure and hyperglycemia. This suggests that METTL3 may be a potential drug target for the treatment of beta-cell failure in diabetes.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Ishan Goswami, Eleonora de Klerk, Phichitpol Carnese, Matthias Hebrok, Kevin E. Healy
Summary: This article introduces a scalable, multiplexed islet beta MPS device for culturing and testing stem cell-derived enriched beta clusters (eBCs) in MPS, assessing their functionality and drug responses; confirming a glycolytic bottleneck and reactions to long-term drug exposure.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Haeng Jeon Hur, Hye Jeong Yang, Min Jung Kim, Kyun-Hee Lee, Myung-Sunny Kim, Sunmin Park
Summary: The study revealed that the development of T2DM in Asians is closely linked to the regulation of pancreatic beta-cell mass and function, with genetic impacts interacting with unhealthy lifestyle factors to further increase the risk of the disease.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Gordon C. Weir, Peter C. Butler, Susan Bonner-Weir
Summary: Cells in the hyperglycemic environment of diabetes undergo reversible changes in phenotype and function, possibly due to glucose toxicity. Challenges in defining responsible mechanisms and unanswered questions necessitate questioning the simplicity of the glucose toxicity hypothesis and proposing new research approaches.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mario A. Miranda, Juan F. Macias-Velasco, Heather A. Lawson
Summary: The review examines the heterogeneity of pancreatic beta-cells from morphological, functional, and transcriptional perspectives, considering factors such as topography, maturation, development, and stress response. It discusses the identification of beta-cell subtypes and how heterogeneity is influenced by diabetes. The paper also explores open questions in the field and recent technological innovations that could advance understanding of beta-cell heterogeneity in health and disease.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Akinobu Nakamura
Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors not only lower blood glucose levels but also have protective effects on organs such as the heart and kidneys. These inhibitors prevent beta-cell dysfunction by reducing glucose overload, leading to increased beta-cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis. Clinical and preclinical data support the protective effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on beta-cell mass and function.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Zijing Chen, Leah Truskinovsky, Emmanuel S. Tzanakakis
Summary: This review discusses the application of optical methods, including optogenetics, optochemical, and photopharmacological strategies, in pancreatic cells and tissues. It highlights the potential of these methods in regulating insulin secretion and controlling blood sugar levels. Optical methods offer greater precision and controllability compared to traditional drugs, providing new possibilities for addressing pancreatic pathologies.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Byung-Jun Sung, Sung-Bin Lim, Won-Mo Yang, Jae Hyeon Kim, Rohit N. Kulkarni, Young-Bum Kim, Moon-Kyu Lee
Summary: This study reveals the essential role of ROCK1 in regulating glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis in pancreatic β-cells. ROCK1 acts as an upstream regulator of glycolytic pyruvate kinase signaling, and its deficiency impairs insulin secretion and glucose tolerance.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hyo-Seon Kim, Dahae Lee, Young-Hye Seo, Seung-Mok Ryu, A-Yeong Lee, Byeong-Cheol Moon, Wook-Jin Kim, Ki-Sung Kang, Jun Lee
Summary: The study aimed to identify bioactive compounds from Angelica reflexa that enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in pancreatic beta-cells. Three new compounds (koseonolin A (1), koseonolin B (2), and isohydroxylomatin (3)) and 28 compounds (4-31) were isolated from the roots of A. reflexa. The effects of the root extract and isolated compounds on GSIS were evaluated, and marmesinin (19) was found to be the most effective, surpassing gliclazide in terms of the improvement of GSIS. The findings suggest that marmesinin (19) has the potential to be used in developing novel therapies for type 2 diabetes.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Dennis Bruening, Kathrin Hatlapatka, Verena Lier-Glaubitz, Vincent Andermark, Stephan Scherneck, Ingo Ott, Ingo Rustenbeck
Summary: The NADPH-thioredoxin system plays a critical role in maintaining beta cell viability, but may have a limiting effect on glucose-induced insulin secretion.
NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Emilia Papakonstantinou, Christina Oikonomou, George Nychas, George D. Dimitriadis
Summary: Chrononutrition, which involves controlling meal timing, meal sequencing, and dietary interventions, plays a significant role in regulating postprandial glycemia and insulin resistance. Weight loss, lifestyle interventions, and individualized carbohydrate reduction can effectively improve glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in preventing and treating type 2 diabetes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stephanie Bridgeman, Gaewyn Ellison, Philip Newsholme, Cyril Mamotte
Summary: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors like butyrate have been shown to reduce diabetes risk and protect pancreatic beta cells in animal models, but in vitro studies have found that butyrate treatment can impair insulin secretion. This study indicates that robust HDAC inhibition impairs beta cell function, while low-dose and acute high-dose butyrate treatment may enhance insulin secretion. The expression of specific genes, such as hexokinase I and TXNIP, may play a role in these effects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yinling Chen, Jianxin Jia, Qing Zhao, Yuxian Zhang, Bingkun Huang, Likun Wang, Juanjuan Tian, Caoxin Huang, Mingyu Li, Xuejun Li
Summary: In this study, a novel HNF1a variant (HNF1a-Q125ter) was found to cause beta-cell dysfunction through activating the PERK/eIF2a/ATF4 signaling pathway.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Tom Barsby, Eliisa Vahakangas, Jarkko Ustinov, Hossam Montaser, Hazem Ibrahim, Vaino Lithovius, Emilia Kuuluvainen, Vikash Chandra, Jonna Saarimaki-Vire, Pekka Katajisto, Ville Hietakangas, Timo Otonkoski
Summary: Pancreatic islets regulate blood glucose homeostasis through controlled release of insulin, but current metabolic models of glucose-sensitive insulin secretion are incomplete. Understanding islet metabolism is crucial for studying endocrine cell development and diabetic islet dysfunction. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived islets (SC-islets) are a relevant model for studying human islet function and potential cure for type 1 diabetes.