Article
Physiology
Andrea C. Chapin, Laura J. Arrington, Jake R. Bernards, Karen R. Kelly
Summary: This study assessed the thermoregulatory and metabolic demands of Naval Special Warfare divers during prolonged cold-water submersion, showing that wetsuits effectively supported thermoprotection in a 6-hour full-body submersion dive in 5 degrees C water. Participants increased energy expenditure by 53% during sustained cold-water diving, with high variability in metabolic rate and substrate utilization between individuals. More research is needed to fully understand inter-individual metabolic variability in prolonged cold-water submersion.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Michael Ambler, Timna Hitrec, Andrew Wilson, Matteo Cerri, Anthony Pickering
Summary: Recent research has discovered that the preoptic area of the hypothalamus and the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) are involved in the regulation of daily torpor in mice. Using activity-dependent genetic techniques, scientists were able to target and manipulate DMH neurons to promote or inhibit torpor. This study further supports the role of these neurons in controlling torpor.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Biology
Ana Rebeca Castro Lima, Robson Mateus Freitas Silveira, Maria Samires Martins Castro, Laura Bertolaso De Vecchi, Marcia Helena Macha da Rocha Fernandes, Kleber Tomas de Resende
Summary: Knowledge on heat stress of animals is crucial for developing management strategies to mitigate its impact on livestock production. Goats are relatively resilient to climatic variations, but there is a threshold beyond which heat stress can affect their energy metabolism, physiological parameters, and behavior. Studies on the effects of ambient temperature on the energy and basal metabolisms of goats are scarce. This review aims to provide insights into the metabolic responses of goats under heat stress and contribute to the development of management strategies for mitigating heat stress in farming systems.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Solveig A. Krapf, Jenny Lund, Awais Ur Rehman Saqib, Hege G. Bakke, Arild C. Rustan, G. Hege Thoresen, Eili T. Kase
Summary: Metabolic alterations occurring in cancer cells can also affect non-cancerous tissues, such as muscle tissue. This study found that myotubes exposed to pancreatic cancer cell medium showed imbalances in protein turnover, increased lipid accumulation, and reduced glucose uptake and oxidation.
Review
Cell Biology
Huihui Gu, Kun Yang, Qiong Wu, Zhentong Shen, Xinjian Li, Chao Sun
Summary: Cells adjust mitochondrial morphologies through the balance between fusion and fission processes, regulated mainly by posttranslational modifications. More than 20% of mitochondrial proteins are acetylated and play a role in the dynamic regulation of fusion and fission.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Aira Maye Serviento, Mathieu Castex, David Renaudeau, Etienne Labussiere
Summary: In growing pigs, reduced growth during heat stress is mainly due to decreased feed intake. The study investigated the positive effects of live yeast supplementation on heat-stressed pigs and whether increasing meal frequency can replicate these effects.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Michal S. Wojciechowski, Anna Kowalczewska, Roger Colominas-Ciuro, Malgorzata Jefimow
Summary: The study found that zebra finches can decrease metabolic rate to improve the efficiency of evaporative heat loss in response to heat and water restriction. Temperature acclimation and water availability did not affect the partitioning of evaporative heat loss, but the contribution of cutaneous evaporative heat loss varied at different temperatures. The consistent individual differences in metabolic rate and evaporative heat loss suggest that these traits may be subject to natural selection.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Michael Briga, Simon Verhulst
Summary: The study found that basal metabolic rate decreases linearly with age while standard metabolic rate increases linearly with age. The absolute standardized change with age was faster for basal metabolic rate compared to standard metabolic rate, and the within-individual correlation of age related change was negligible. Sex did not show specific differences in metabolic rate or metabolic ageing rate.
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Camila L. P. Oliveira, Normand G. Boule, Aloys Berg, Arya M. Sharma, Sarah A. Elliott, Mario Siervo, Sunita Ghosh, Carla M. Prado
Summary: The study compared the impact of a high-protein meal replacement (HP-MR) versus a control (CON) breakfast on exercise metabolism. HP-MR resulted in higher fat oxidation, lower carbohydrate oxidation during exercise, reduced hunger sensation, and more favorable changes in metabolic blood markers compared to CON breakfast. The primary findings suggest that HP-MR may be beneficial for exercise performance and metabolic health.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Malik Ahsan Ali, Ziyue Qin, Shan Dou, Anqi Huang, Yihan Wang, Xiang Yuan, Yan Zhang, Qingyong Ni, Rameesha Azmat, Changjun Zeng
Summary: Cryodamage affects the normal physiological functions and survivability of boar sperm during cryopreservation. Little is known about protein acetylation and its effects on cryotolerance or cryodamage in boar sperm. In this study, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine the characterization and protein acetylation dynamics of boar sperm during cryopreservation. The results showed that cryopreservation induces the acetylation and deacetylation of energy metabolism-related proteins, which may contribute to the post-thawed boar sperm quality parameters.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biology
Francisco Javier Martinez-Noguera, Alessio Cabizosu, Cristian Marin-Pagan, Pedro E. Alcaraz
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different environmental temperatures (17 and 28 degrees C) on body surface temperature in international walkers. The results showed that the increase in ambient temperature resulted in uneven temperature changes in different anatomical zones of the body.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Tracy L. Scheffler
Summary: This article explores the potential relationship between heat tolerance and muscle metabolism in Bos indicus cattle, and its impact on beef quality. Bos indicus cattle have advantages in hot, humid climates but are known for their excitable temperaments, slower growth, and variability in meat quality characteristics.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Harry A. Smith, Jonathan D. Watkins, Jean-Philippe Walhin, Javier T. Gonzalez, Dylan Thompson, James A. Betts
Summary: Breakfast consumption, whether high in carbohydrates or enriched with whey protein isolate, attenuates insulinemic responses to a subsequent meal, indicating that a reduced-carbohydrate protein-enriched breakfast can achieve similar glucose control later in the day without causing hyperglycemia in the morning.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Biology
Luke D. Flewwelling, Oliver H. Wearing, Emily J. Garrett, Graham R. Scott
Summary: Climate warming could have detrimental effects on the activity and thermoregulatory physiology of small mammals. This study examined the effects of simulated seasonal warming on deer mice, a nocturnal species. The results showed that summer warming led to decreased activity, dysregulation of body temperature, and reduced thermogenic capacity in the mice. These findings highlight the potential impacts of climate warming on the behavior and physiology of nocturnal mammals.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Youjun Zhang, Alisdair R. Fernie
Summary: Transient enzyme-enzyme assemblies play a crucial role in regulating energy and redox metabolism within cells, although clear evidence for their presence is lacking. Advancements in proteomic and cell biological approaches are helping to shed light on these complex interactions, paving the way for a better understanding of the physiological circumstances that lead to dynamic changes in these assemblies.
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Carlos Zozaya, Niloofar Ganji, Bo Li, Maarten Janssen Lok, Carol Lee, Yuhki Koike, Estelle Gauda, Martin Offringa, Simon Eaton, Prakeshkumar S. Shah, Agostino Pierro
Summary: This study assessed the feasibility and safety of remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) in preterm infants with suspected or confirmed NEC. The results showed that RIC was feasible and safe in these patients, which is of significance for designing future clinical trials.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD-FETAL AND NEONATAL EDITION
(2023)
Review
Pediatrics
Yong Chen, Jiashen Zhao, Mashriq Alganabi, Carmen Mesas-Burgos, Simon Eaton, Tomas Wester, Agostino Pierro
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the optimal timing of delivery for pregnancies complicated by prenatally diagnosed gastroschisis. The results suggest that near-term elective delivery (GA 36-37 weeks) is associated with less bowel morbidity and shorter TPN days. However, more research is needed to validate these findings.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Laween Meran, Lucinda Tullie, Simon Eaton, Paolo De Coppi, Vivian S. W. Li
Summary: The authors present a protocol for bioengineering human intestinal mucosal grafts using patient-derived materials. This technology has significant potential for treating intestinal failure and studying human gastrointestinal diseases.
Article
Rheumatology
Meredyth G. Ll Wilkinson, Dale Moulding, Thomas C. R. McDonnell, Michael Orford, Chris Wincup, Joanna Y. J. Ting, Georg W. Otto, Restuadi Restuadi, Daniel Kelberman, Charalampia Papadopoulou, Sergi Castellano, Simon Eaton, Claire T. Deakin, Elizabeth C. Rosser, Lucy R. Wedderburn
Summary: This study identifies a novel pathway in which altered mitochondrial biology in CD14+ monocytes of Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) patients leads to the production of oxidized mitochondrial DNA (oxmtDNA) and stimulates the expression of interferon (IFN) type 1 signature genes. Targeting this pathway has therapeutic potential in JDM and other IFN type 1-driven autoimmune diseases.
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Ian Howard Jones, Denise Tao, Bhumita Vagdama, Michael Orford, Simon Eaton, Jane Collins, Nigel John Hall
Summary: Remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) has therapeutic potential for intestinal diseases in the newborn by reducing the extent and severity of bowel injury and decreasing neutrophil infiltration/activation.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Nigel J. Hall, Frances C. Sherratt, Simon Eaton, Erin Walker, Maria Chorozoglou, Lucy Beasant, Michael Stanton, Harriet Corbett, Dean Rex, Natalie Hutchings, Elizabeth Dixon, Esther Crawley, Jane Blazeby, Bridget Young, Isabel Reading
Summary: This study investigated the comparative patient-centered outcomes between non-operative and surgical treatment for uncomplicated acute appendicitis in children. The preliminary data showed that children treated with non-operative treatment reported higher short-term quality of life scores, shorter duration of requiring analgesia, more rapid return to normal activities, and shorter parental absence from work compared to those who underwent appendectomy. These findings suggest the importance of further measuring recovery profile and quality of life in a larger randomized controlled trial.
BMJ PAEDIATRICS OPEN
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Birna Thorisdottir, Tinna Odinsdottir, Geir Gunnlaugsson, Simon Eaton, Mary S. Fewtrell, Adriana Vazquez-Vazquez, Ronald E. Kleinman, Inga Thorsdottir, Jonathan C. K. Wells
Summary: This study confirms that when mothers are motivated and supported without economic restraints, breastmilk intake and the energy supplied by breastmilk to exclusively breastfed (EBF) infants at 6 mo of age is sufficient to support normal growth patterns. There was no evidence of constraint on fat-free mass (FFM), and other studies show that high fat mass (FM) in EBF infants is likely to be transient.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Pediatrics
Nadine Teunissen, Julia Brendel, Simon Eaton, Nigel Hall, Rebecca Thursfield, Ernest L. W. van Heurn, Benno Ure, Rene Wijnen
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review of parameters studied in esophageal atresia (EA) research, revealing significant variability in reporting, utilization, and definition. The findings highlight the importance of standardized reporting to compare EA research results, and the identified parameters can contribute to the development of evidence-based consensus and standardized data collection in registries or clinical audits. This enables benchmarking and comparisons of care across different centers, regions, and countries.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY
(2023)
Letter
Pediatrics
Joseph R. Davidson, Simon Eaton, Mikko P. Pakarinen, Joe Curry
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Jenny Lange, Olivia Gillham, Michael Flower, Heather Ging, Simon Eaton, Sneha Kapadia, Andreas Neueder, Michael R. Duchen, Patrizia Ferretti, Sarah J. Tabrizi
Summary: Huntington's Disease is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a genetic mutation. Astrocyte dysfunction, specifically changes in gene expression and metabolic activity, plays a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Additionally, all Huntington's Disease astrocytes exhibit increased DNA damage and a DNA damage response, suggesting a potential mechanism for their dysfunction.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Maria Chorozoglou, Isabel Reading, Simon Eaton, Shehryer Naqvi, Caroline Pardy, Keren Sloan, Christina Major, Natasha Demellweek, Nigel J. Hall
Summary: We conducted a health economic sub-study to compare the non-operative treatment pathway with surgery for uncomplicated acute appendicitis in children. Our objectives were to assess data collection tools and methods, determine indicative costs and benefits, and evaluate the feasibility of conducting a full economic evaluation.
QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ravi Jagatia, Ewald J. Doornebal, Una Rastovic, Nicola Harris, Moyosoreoluwa Feyide, Anabel Martinez Lyons, Rosa Miquel, Yoh Zen, Ane Zamalloa, Farooq Malik, Andreas Prachalias, Krishna Menon, Luke Boulter, Simon Eaton, Nigel Heaton, Sandra Phillips, Shilpa Chokshi, Elena Palma
Summary: In this study, patient-specific immunocompetent disease models of primary liver cancer (PLC) were created using precision-cut tissue slices (PCTS) derived from resected tumors, which effectively captured the multifaceted and intricate heterogeneity of the tumor and its microenvironment. The PCTS model maintained tissue architecture and tumor-specific immunophenotype, making it a robust preclinical tool for investigating immunotherapeutic drug efficacy and non-responsiveness.
Article
Surgery
Omid Madadi-Sanjani, Joachim F. Kuebler, Julia Brendel, Soeren Wiesner, Annika Mutanen, Simon Eaton, Anja Domenghino, Pierre-Alain Clavien, Benno M. Ure
Summary: To address the inconsistent definitions of surgical complications and unexpected events, a multidisciplinary expert group modified the Clavien-Dindo classification and introduced the Clavien-Madadi classification, which includes organizational and management errors. Unexpected events were documented in a cohort of 17,502 children undergoing surgery and compared with procedure complexity. The results showed that the Clavien-Madadi classification identified additional events and had a higher correlation with procedure complexity.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Letter
Surgery
Barbora Patkova, Anna Svenningsson, Markus Almstroem, Jan F. Svensson, Staffan Eriksson, Tomas Wester, Simon Eaton
Meeting Abstract
Surgery
F. Chang, A. Vaitkute, M. Attrill, S. Chong, H. Mahdi, P. Blair, A. Salama, C. Mauri, S. Eaton, M. Bajaj-Elliott, A. Pesenacker, R. Motallebzadeh
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)