Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Fabien Chauveau, Guillaume Becker, Herve Boutin
Summary: This study systematically reviewed TSPO radiotracers, finding that challengers have better signal-to-noise ratio in neuroinflammatory diseases, but genetic stratification could hinder their clinical implementation. New challengers insensitive to TSPO human polymorphism are under evaluation.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yo-Han Joo, Min-Woo Lee, Young-Don Son, Keun-A Chang, Maqsood Yaqub, Hang-Keun Kim, Paul Cumming, Jong-Hoon Kim
Summary: This study found higher TSPO binding in the brain of treatment-naive young patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), indicating microglial activation in these limbic regions involved in cognitive and emotional processing. The correlation between serum adiponectin levels and TSPO binding in the hippocampus differed between MDD patients and healthy controls, suggesting differential responsiveness to adiponectin signaling in microglia in MDD and healthy subjects.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Aline Morais de Souza, Caroline Cristiano Real, Mara de Souza Junqueira, Larissa Estessi de Souza, Fabio Luiz Navarro Marques, Carlos Alberto Buchpiguel, Roger Chammas, Marcelo Tatit Sapienza, Daniele de Paula Faria
Summary: This study evaluated the potential of PET imaging with [C-11](R)-PK11195 to assess breast tumor inflammation. The results showed that [C-11](R)-PK11195 was able to identify heterogeneous tumor inflammation in a murine model of breast cancer, and the uptake varied according to tumor size.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Makoto Kitade, Hideaki Nakajima, Tetsuya Tsujikawa, Sakon Noriki, Tetsuya Mori, Yasushi Kiyono, Hidehiko Okazawa, Akihiko Matsumine
Summary: Activated microglia play a role in secondary injury after acute spinal cord injury (SCI) and the development of spinal cord-related neuropathic pain (NeP). This study assessed the expression of translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) as an indicator of microglial activation and visualized the dynamics of activated microglia in the injured spinal cord using PET imaging with (R)-[C-11]PK11195. Results showed that TSPO was mainly expressed in activated microglia in SCI chimeric animal models.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Seongho Seo, Ye-Ha Jung, Dasom Lee, Won Joon Lee, Joon Hwan Jang, Jae-Yeon Lee, Soo-Hee Choi, Jee Youn Moon, Jae Sung Lee, Gi Jeong Cheon, Do-Hyung Kang
Summary: This study found that FM patients had significantly increased neuroinflammation in several brain regions compared to healthy controls, while neuroinflammation was decreased in other regions. This suggests that neuroinflammation may play a crucial role in the development of FM.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Laurent Bitker, Francois Dhelft, Sophie Lancelot, Didier Le Bars, Nicolas Costes, Nazim Benzerdjeb, Maciej Orkisz, Jean-Christophe Richard
Summary: The study aimed to develop and validate a new lung inflammation imaging model and demonstrate through experimentation that this model can accurately quantify macrophagic inflammation while accounting for its non-specific and irreversible uptake in lung tissues. The results showed that the use of the new three-tissue compartment kinetic model significantly improved PET quantification in most lung regions.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING
(2022)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Catriona Wimberley, Sonia Lavisse, Ansel Hillmer, Rainer Hinz, Federico Turkheimer, Paolo Zanotti-Fregonara
Summary: This review focuses on the challenges associated with the quantification of TSPO PET images in the human brain, with a discussion of different methods and their advantages and drawbacks. Researchers are advised to understand the various quantification methods available and to choose the most appropriate one based on their research needs.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jessie Fanglu Fu, Cristina Lois, Justin Sanchez, J. Alex Becker, Zoe B. Rubinstein, Emma Thibault, Andrew N. Salvatore, Hasan Sari, Michelle E. Farrell, Nicolas J. Guehl, Marc D. Normandin, Georges El Fakhri, Keith A. Johnson, Julie C. Price
Summary: This study investigated the kinetics and longitudinal changes of [F-18]MK-6240 PET in cognitively-normal and cognitively-impaired subjects. The results suggest that eroded cerebral white matter or pons may be preferred for longitudinal studies, while eroded cerebellar gray matter showed larger cross-sectional effect sizes for group differentiation. The study also found high variability in extracerebral signal, which exhibited irreversible kinetics and nonsignificant longitudinal changes with high individual variability.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Gjertrud L. Laurell, Pontus Plaven-Sigray, Aurelija Jucaite, Andrea Varrone, Kelly P. Cosgrove, Claus Svarer, Gitte M. Knudsen, R. Todd Ogden, Francesca Zanderigo, Simon Cervenka, Ansel T. Hillmer, Martin Schain
Summary: The study utilized a novel method SIME to estimate V-ND, demonstrating significantly lower V-ND in patients with alcohol use disorder and Parkinson's disease compared to controls. The findings suggest that differences in nondisplaceable binding may exist between different patient groups and conditions in TSPO PET studies.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Giacomo Tondo, Cecilia Boccalini, Silvia Paola Caminiti, Luca Presotto, Massimo Filippi, Giuseppe Magnani, Giovanni Battista Frisoni, Sandro Iannaccone, Daniela Perani
Summary: This study used PET imaging techniques to investigate the presence of microglial activation in MCI patients, showing an inverse correlation with brain glucose metabolism, suggesting a possible contribution to neurodegeneration.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Priyanka Verma, Braj Kishore Singh, Manoharan Dwark Sudhan, Rupesh Kumar Singh, Swati D. Bagul, Ashok R. Chandak, Brijesh Kumar Soni, Divya Shelly, Sandip Basu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between Ga-68-PSMA-11 and F-18-FDG uptake in brain tumors with clinicopathological prognostic parameters, as well as to identify patients who may benefit from PSMA-targeted therapies. Preliminary results suggest that PSMA PET is an important tool for the evaluation and prognosis of gliomas. Further larger clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.
CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Timothee Zaragori, Angelo Castello, Eric Guedj, Antoine Girard, Norbert Galldiks, Nathalie L. Albert, Egesta Lopci, Antoine Verger
Summary: In newly diagnosed glioma patients, photopenic defects were identified using C-11-MET and F-18-FDOPA PET tracers, with lower tumor-to-background ratio compared to isometabolic gliomas. While photopenic gliomas showed no difference in progression-free survival in the whole population, they had shorter progression-free survival in the subgroup of World Health Organization grade II IDH-mutant astrocytomas.
CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Tatiana Yu. Skvortsova, Zhanna I. Savintceva, Anastasia S. Zhavoronkova, Alexander F. Gurchin, Polina L. Andropova
Summary: A 44-year-old man experienced multiple daily seizures after treatment for left temporal low-grade glioma, with MRI showing diffuse cortical swelling and PET revealing increased radiotracer uptake in the left cerebral hemisphere. Biopsy did not reveal evidence of tumor recurrence, although PET scans showed continued high [C-11]methionine uptake in specific areas of the brain over a 2-year follow-up period.
CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Marta Lapo Pais, Lilia Jorge, Ricardo Martins, Nadia Canario, Ana Carolina Xavier, Rui Bernardes, Antero Abrunhosa, Isabel Santana, Miguel Castelo-Branco
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. This study explores the use of textural parameters as an alternative to kinetic models for assessing the state and progression of Alzheimer's disease in (R)-[C-11]PK11195 PET images. The results show that textural parameters can achieve similar classification accuracy to kinetic analysis in the evaluation of Alzheimer's disease.
BRAIN COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Asim K. Bag, Melissa N. Wing, Noah D. Sabin, Scott N. Hwang, Gregory T. Armstrong, Yuanyuan Han, Yimei Li, Scott E. Snyder, Giles W. Robinson, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Alberto Broniscer, John T. Lucas, Barry L. Shulkin
Summary: This study evaluated the role of C-11-methionine PET in assessing MRI changes in PHGGs patients, to differentiate tumor recurrence from pseudoprogression. The results showed that C-11-methionine PET had slightly higher sensitivity and accuracy in correctly predicting tumor existence, with good interobserver agreement. The study also found that quantitative C-11-methionine PET can predict overall survival.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Rogdaki, Celine Devroye, Mariasole Ciampoli, Mattia Veronese, Abhishekh Ashok, Robert A. McCutcheon, Sameer Jauhar, Ilaria Bonoldi, Maria Gudbrandsen, Eileen Daly, Therese van Amelsvoort, Marianne Van Den Bree, Michael J. Owen, Federico Turkheimer, Francesco Papaleo, Oliver D. Howes
Summary: Dopaminergic dysfunction is associated with genetic risk for psychosis, particularly in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion. This study found increased striatal dopamine synthesis capacity in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion compared to healthy controls and individuals with 22q11.2 duplication. Furthermore, dopamine synthesis was positively correlated with the severity of psychosis-risk symptoms.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Correction
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Rogdaki, Celine Devroye, Mariasole Ciampoli, Mattia Veronese, Abhishekh H. Ashok, Robert A. McCutcheon, Sameer Jauhar, Ilaria Bonoldi, Maria Gudbrandsen, Eileen Daly, Therese van Amelsvoort, Marianne Van Den Bree, Michael J. Owen, Federico Turkheimer, Francesco Papaleo, Oliver D. Howes
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Leigh Townsend, Toby Pillinger, Pierluigi Selvaggi, Mattia Veronese, Federico Turkheimer, Oliver Howes
Summary: This study investigates brain metabolism in patients with schizophrenia and finds evidence of lower glucose metabolism in the frontal cortex, supporting the hypothesis of hypofrontality in schizophrenia. However, there were no consistent alterations in other brain regions.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Elizabeth Finger, Rubina Malik, Martina Bocchetta, Kristy Coleman, Caroline Graff, Barbara Borroni, Mario Masellis, Robert Laforce, Caroline Greaves, Lucy L. Russell, Rhian S. Convery, Arabella Bouzigues, David M. Cash, Markus Otto, Matthis Synofzik, James B. Rowe, Daniela Galimberti, Pietro Tiraboschi, Robert Bartha, Christen Shoesmith, Maria Carmela Tartaglia, John C. van Swieten, Harro Seelaar, Lize C. Jiskoot, Sandro Sorbi, Chris R. Butler, Alexander Gerhard, Raquel Sanchez-Valle, Alexandre de Mendonca, Fermin Moreno, Rik Vandenberghe, Isabelle Le Ber, Johannes Levin, Florence Pasquier, Isabel Santana, Jonathan D. Rohrer, Simon Ducharme
Summary: This study investigates the hypothesis that genetic mutations causing frontotemporal dementia (FTD) have neurodevelopmental consequences. The researchers examined brain structure and function in young adult mutation carriers and found differences between preclinical mutation carriers and familial non-carriers at a mean age of 26 years. These findings have implications for therapeutic interventions and further studies on early pathophysiologic processes in FTD.
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
William James Harris, Marie-Claude Asselin, Rainer Hinz, Laura Michelle Parkes, Stuart Allan, Ingo Schiessl, Herve Boutin, Ben Robert Dickie
Summary: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is crucial for maintaining brain homeostasis and its dysfunction has been implicated in various neurological disorders. In vivo methods are essential for studying the intact BBB and should not be underestimated.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
D. Bochicchio, L. Christie, C. B. Lawrence, K. Herholz, C. A. Parker, R. Hinz, H. Boutin
Summary: This study implemented a method using [C-11]leucine PET to measure cerebral protein synthesis rate (PSR) in rats and found that it is sensitive enough to measure PSR alterations in Alzheimer's disease. The study also discovered that the genotype has a significant effect on PSR in the globus pallidus.
MOLECULAR IMAGING AND BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fangda Leng, Rainer Hinz, Steve Gentleman, Adam Hampshire, Melanie Dani, David J. Brooks, Paul Edison
Summary: Brain network dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease is associated with neuroinflammation, independent of A beta deposition and cortical atrophy. This study found that increased microglial activation correlated with disrupted structural and functional networks, while A beta did not, suggesting a link between neuroinflammation and systemic brain dysfunction in AD.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Dorothee Kuebler, Christopher Kobylecki, Kathryn R. McDonald, Jose M. Antom-Rodriguez, Karl Herholz, Stephen F. Carter, Rainer Hinz, Jennifer C. Thompson, Bassam Al-Fatly, Alexander Gerhard
Summary: This study explored the cognitive profiles in patients with Multiple System Atrophy with predominant parkinsonism (MSA-P) and Parkinson's disease (PD), and their relation to structural and metabolic changes in the frontostriatal region. The results showed that patients with MSA-P had deficits in executive function and higher levels of depression and anxiety compared to those with PD and healthy controls. Widespread frontal-striatal white matter damage and metabolic abnormalities were associated with cognitive dysfunction in both MSA-P and PD.
PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Duncan Street, Edwin Jabbari, Alyssa Costantini, P. Simon Jones, Negin Holland, Timothy Rittman, Marte T. Jensen, Viorica Chelban, Yen Y. Goh, Tong Guo, Amanda J. Heslegrave, Federico Roncaroli, Johannes C. Klein, Olaf Ansorge, Kieren S. J. Allinson, Zane Jaunmuktane, Tamas Revesz, Thomas T. Warner, Andrew J. Lees, Henrik Zetterberg, Lucy L. Russell, Martina Bocchetta, Jonathan D. Rohrer, David J. Burn, Nicola Pavese, Alexander Gerhard, Christopher Kobylecki, P. Nigel Leigh, Alistair Church, Michele T. M. Hu, Henry Houlden, Huw Morris, James B. Rowe
Summary: The study compares candidate clinical trial end points in progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, corticobasal syndrome and related disorders. Neuroimaging metrics generally require smaller sample sizes than cognitive and functional measures, but the optimal outcome measures differ by disease type.
Article
Immunology
Marta Vicente-Rodriguez, Renzo Mancuso, Alba Peris-Yague, Camilla Simmons, N. I. M. A. Consortium, Diego Gomez-Nicola, V. Hugh Perry, Federico Turkheimer, Simon Lovestone, Christine A. Parker, Diana Cash
Summary: Neuroinflammation is an important component in neurodegenerative diseases, and there is a need for robust biomarkers to diagnose and monitor the disease. This study used [3H]PBR28 autoradiography and immunohistochemistry to further investigate neuroinflammation in a mouse model of chronic neurodegeneration and found that a CSF1R inhibitor attenuated TSPO signal in microglia and neurons.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Erik D. Fagerholm, Zalina Dezhina, Rosalyn J. Moran, Federico E. Turkheimer, Robert Leech
Summary: Entropy is a property of both a system and an observer, measuring the hidden information in a system due to the observer's limitations. This article provides a theory of entropy based on statistical mechanics and toy models of neural systems. It explains the distinction between micro and macrostates, the characteristics of entropy for capturing hidden information, and the mathematical form of entropy derived from arrangements of discrete-state neurons. The article also discusses the increase in entropy over time in neural systems due to limitations in neuroimaging resolution. It aims to support using entropy as a method for characterizing neuroimaging timeseries and making inferences about brain states.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fran Hancock, Fernando E. Rosas, Robert A. E. McCutcheon, Joana Cabral, Ottavia Dipasquale, Federico E. Turkheimer
Summary: This study demonstrates the reliability and face validity of using metastability as a potential neuromechanistic biomarker for schizophrenia pathology, providing new insights into the mechanisms of the disorder and potentially aiding in its diagnosis and treatment.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Timothy Lawn, Matthew A. Howard, Federico Turkheimer, Bratislav Misic, Gustavo Deco, Daniel Martins, Ottavia Dipasquale
Summary: The human brain exhibits complex interactions across micro, meso-, and macro-scale organisational principles. Recent synergistic multi-modal approaches have begun to link micro-scale information to system level dynamics, transcending organisational hierarchies and offering novel perspectives into the brain's function and dysfunction. Methodological approaches to enrich functional imaging analyses with molecular information are rapidly evolving, with several streams of research having developed relatively independently, each offering unique potential to explore the trans-hierarchical functioning of the brain.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Erik D. Fagerholm, Zalina Dezhina, Rosalyn J. Moran, Karl J. Friston, Federico Turkheimer, Robert Leech
Summary: Boltzmann entropy measures hidden information in a system. In neuroimaging, information can be hidden in multiple indistinguishable brain states and neuronal pattern selections between regions. Selection entropy is more sensitive to small changes in probability distributions compared to the KL divergence. It identifies a principal gradient between sensorimotor and transmodal brain regions more effectively than the KL divergence in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging time series. Therefore, selection entropy is introduced as an additional asset in analyzing neuronal functional selectivity.
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Oliver Cousins, Julia J. Schubert, Avinash Chandra, Mattia Veronese, Polena Valkimadi, Byron Creese, Zunera Khan, Ryan Arathimos, Adam Hampshire, Ivana Rosenzweig, Clive Ballard, Anne Corbett, Dag Aasland, Latha Velayudhan, Michael O'Neill, David Collier, Ramla Awais, Kerstin Sander, Erik Arstad, Oliver Howes, Federico Turkheimer, Angela Hodges
Summary: In this study, the impact of the TREM2 p.R47H variant on microglial activation, tau and amyloid deposition, brain structure, and cognitive profile in Alzheimer's disease was investigated. The results showed that TREM2 p.R47H carriers had reduced microglial activation levels in brain regions affected early in the Alzheimer's disease course, as well as differences in brain structure and cognition. Changes in microglial response may contribute to the increased risk of Alzheimer's disease in TREM2 p.R47H carriers. Future therapeutic approaches should aim to enhance protective microglial actions.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)