Article
Immunology
Eoin O'Neill, Eadaoin W. Griffin, Ruairi O'Sullivan, Carol Murray, Lucy Ryan, Justin Yssel, Andrew Harkin, Colm Cunningham
Summary: Experimental evidence demonstrates that significant depletion of noradrenaline in the hippocampus and frontal cortex does not lead to acutely exaggerated neuroinflammation, nor does it leave the brain susceptible to acute, transient working memory deficits upon low dose LPS challenge.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi, Hidechika Ozawa, Shigeki Yamaguchi, Shinsuke Hamaguchi, Shuichi Ueda
Summary: The study revealed that Calb(+) neurons in the A11 region co-express multiple functional markers and have a distinct distribution pattern, indicating they may play various regulatory roles within the A11 region.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Esther Luquin, Beatriz Paternain, Ines Zugasti, Carmen Santoma, Elisa Mengual
Summary: Investigating the distribution and expression of GABA receptors in the PPN and LDT revealed differences in GABAergic transmission between these two nuclei, which may contribute to physiological differences within each neurochemical subpopulation and functional distinctions between the two nuclei.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Xiang Zhu, Feng Li, Miqun Wang, Huibin Su, Xuedong Wu, Haiyan Qiu, Wang Zhou, Chunli Shan, Cancan Wang, Lei Wei
Summary: The study identified the epigenetic regulation mechanisms of CFA-induced inflammation in rat DRG, including differentially expressed mRNAs, miRNAs, and methylated regions, highly associated with inflammation-related pathways. Integrated analysis demonstrated that the AP-1 network is regulated at both transcriptomic and epigenetic levels, potentially acting as a regulator of the inflammatory response.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Lars Emil Larsen, Sielke Caestecker, Latoya Stevens, Pieter van Mierlo, Evelien Carrette, Paul Boon, Kristl Vonck, Robrecht Raedt
Summary: This study assessed the activity of locus coeruleus neurons and changes in noradrenergic transmission during acute hippocampal seizures. The results showed both inhibition and excitation of LC neurons during seizures, but a consistent release of noradrenaline was observed.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Shubo Jin, Xavier J. Maddern, Erin J. Campbell, Andrew J. Lawrence
Summary: In this study, the connectivity between the amygdala-striatum and cortex-striatum in rats was examined, and the neurotransmitter identity of projection neurons was determined. The findings revealed differences in the proportions of glutamatergic and GABAergic afferents in the two major projections, raising important questions for functional studies.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Takae Shinto, Saneyuki Makino, Yu Tahara, Lyie Nitta, Mai Kuwahara, Ayako Tada, Nanako Abe, Mikiko Michie, Shigenobu Shibata
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between protein intake and the composition of the three major nutrients (protein, fat, and carbohydrate) in the three meals and physical activity. The findings revealed a positive correlation between protein intake during breakfast and lunch and daily physical activity.
JMIR PUBLIC HEALTH AND SURVEILLANCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Rosa M. Villalba, Joseph A. Behnke, Jean-Francois Pare, Yoland Smith
Summary: Thalamic inputs to motor cortices in primates show disruptions in parkinsonian animals, with a potential denervation of deep cortical layers. The pattern of synaptic connectivity also changes in the state of parkinsonism, indicating alterations in cortico-thalamic loops.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kohei Morimoto, Ryota Eguchi, Taisuke Kitano, Ken-ichi Otsuguro
Summary: The research demonstrates that in rat spinal cord astrocytes, ß1- and 13-adrenoceptors can promote IL-6 transcription through different signaling pathways (PKC/ERK and cAMP/PKA/CREB), respectively. Additionally, conditioned medium from astrocytes treated with ß2-AR antagonist dexmedetomidine increased IL-6 mRNA in other astrocytes.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Christopher E. J. Doppler, Julia A. M. Smit, Maximilian Hommelsen, Aline Seger, Jacob Horsager, Martin B. Kinnerup, Allan K. Hansen, Tatyana D. Fedorova, Karoline Knudsen, Marit Otto, Adjmal Nahimi, Per Borghammer, Michael Sommerauer
Summary: This study aimed to investigate changes in sleep microstructure and their relation to alterations in the noradrenergic system in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Results revealed that sleep microstructure is more severely affected than macrostructure in PD patients and is associated with widespread dysfunction of the noradrenergic arousal system.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Amna C. Mazeh, James A. Angus, Christine E. Wright
Summary: Cannabidiol and SR141716 were found to act as competitive antagonists of the CB1 receptor in the rat vas deferens bioassay.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Quinn Waselenchuk, Klaus Ballanyi
Summary: The locus coeruleus (LC) in newborns controls various brain functions and has similar complex organization as in adults. LC neurons in newborn rat brain slices generate a similar local field potential (LFP) lasting for about 0.3 seconds with a frequency of about 1 Hz, consisting of phase-locked single spike discharge. These neurons exhibit intrinsic pacemaker or burster properties and receive mainly excitatory or initially excitatory-secondary inhibitory inputs.
Article
Cell Biology
Nicolo Gabriele Pozzi, Francesco Bolzoni, Gabriele Eliseo Mario Biella, Gianni Pezzoli, Chi Wang Ip, Jens Volkmann, Paolo Cavallari, Esther Asan, Ioannis Ugo Isaias
Summary: This study investigated the development of tremor in Parkinson's disease (PD) using a rat model with selective lesioning of LC-NA innervation. The results showed that LC-NA innervation plays a critical role in the development of PD tremor.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexandra Gros, Leandre Lavenu, Jean-Luc Morel, Philippe De Deurwaerdere
Summary: The study revealed that microgravity affects brain adaptive responses in rats, particularly the monoaminergic systems, leading to changes in neurotransmitter contents and correlations between brain regions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Takayuki Sakai, Saori Hattori, Aya Ogata, Takashi Yamada, Junichiro Abe, Hiroshi Ikenuma, Masanori Ichise, Masaaki Suzuki, Kengo Ito, Takashi Kato, Yasuyuki Kimura
Summary: This study investigated whether PET imaging can predict the level of noradrenaline in the rat hippocampus, and found that [C-11]MRB PET can show changes in noradrenaline transporter densities in the hippocampus and is closely correlated with noradrenaline concentrations. Further studies are needed to extend its applicability to Alzheimer's disease research.
Article
Immunology
Elisa S. Roesti, Christina N. Boyle, Daniel T. Zeman, Marcos Sande-Melon, Federico Storni, Gustavo Cabral-Miranda, Alexander Knuth, Thomas A. Lutz, Monique Vogel, Martin F. Bachmann
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Catherine Gibbons, John Blundell, Soren Tetens Hoff, Kirsten Dahl, Robert Bauer, Tine Baekdal
Summary: Oral semaglutide can reduce energy intake in patients with type 2 diabetes, leading to decreased body fat mass, increased satiety and hunger, and improved eating control.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dominik Pretz, Christelle Le Foll, Mohammed Z. Rizwan, Thomas A. Lutz, Alexander Tups
Summary: High levels of leptin may exacerbate weight gain and gliosis in the hypothalamus of obese mice on a high-fat diet, while a long-acting leptin antagonist could improve glucose tolerance and reduce the number of glial cells in the hypothalamus of diet-induced obese mice.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Thomas Kruse, Jakob Lerche Hansen, Kirsten Dahl, Lauge Schaffer, Ulrich Sensfuss, Christian Poulsen, Morten Schlein, Ann Maria Kruse Hansen, Claus Bekker Jeppesen, Charlotta Dornonville de la Cour, Trine Ryberg Clausen, Eva Johansson, Simone Fulle, Rikke Bjerring Skyggebjerg, Kirsten Raun
Summary: This article presents the development of a stable, lipidated long-acting amylin analogue called cagrilintide, which has shown significant weight loss effects in clinical trials, either alone or in combination with the GLP-1 analogue semaglutide. Adjustment of structure-activity relationships led to the selection of cagrilintide for clinical development as a treatment for obesity.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Miriam Honegger, Thomas A. Lutz, Christina N. Boyle
Summary: The ability of amylin to inhibit food intake is reduced under hypoglycemic conditions, possibly due to the co-sensitivity of AP neurons to amylin and glucose. Amylin can also buffer meal-induced glucose appearance at EU and HYPO levels.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
I. T. Rast, E. Zini, C. Wolfrum, T. A. Lutz, C. E. Reusch, E. Salesov
Summary: Obesity leads to insulin resistance and is a major risk factor for the development of diabetes mellitus in cats. ROR gamma and its target gene MMP3 play a key role in the development of large insulin-resistant adipocytes. THBA inhibits ROR gamma, reduces adipocyte size, and improves insulin sensitivity.
DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amalia Ruiz-Serrano, Christina N. Boyle, Josep M. Monne Rodriguez, Julia Guenter, Agnieszka E. Jucht, Svende Pfundstein, Andreas M. Bapst, Thomas A. Lutz, Roland H. Wenger, Carsten C. Scholz
Summary: Dysregulated energy metabolism is a major cause of various diseases. OTUB1 plays an important regulatory role in energy metabolism. Deletion of OTUB1 in mice leads to increased energy expenditure and improved glucose metabolism.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bernd Coester, Thomas A. Lutz, Christelle Le Foll
Summary: This study suggests that microglial amylin signaling is not a major player in the control of energy homeostasis in mice, as male mice with depleted CTR in microglia did not show significant differences in weight and metabolism compared to mice without depletion.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Thomas A. Lutz
Summary: This paper is a personal view on the milestones in the discovery of amylin and its roles in physiology and pathophysiology. Amylin, found in islet amyloid deposits in type 2 diabetics, contributes to beta-cell damage and has diverse metabolic functions, including inhibition of eating and pancreatic glucagon secretion. The knowledge of these functions has led to the development of amylin analogues as promising anti-obesity targets.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anne Jomard, Luca Liberale, Petia Doytcheva, Martin F. Reiner, Daniel Muller, Michele Visentin, Marco Bueter, Thomas F. Luscher, Roberto Vettor, Thomas A. Lutz, Giovanni G. Camici, Elena Osto
Summary: The study found that elevated levels of plasmatic TMAO within the near-physiological range appear to be neutral bystanders to vascular function, as observed in patients after bariatric surgery, healthy lean rodent models, and endothelial cells acutely exposed to TMAO.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Christina N. Boyle, Yi Zheng, Thomas A. Lutz
Summary: Amylin, a pancreatic beta-cell hormone, plays important physiological roles in metabolic control, such as regulating satiation, gastric emptying, and glucagon secretion. Amylin analogs have emerged as promising approaches for obesity and diabetes treatment.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Erica R. R. Hendrikse, Tayla A. A. Rees, Zoe Tasma, Michael L. L. Garelja, Andrew Siow, Paul W. R. Harris, John B. B. Pawlak, Kathleen M. M. Caron, Elizabeth S. S. Blakeney, Andrew F. F. Russo, Levi P. P. Sowers, Thomas A. A. Lutz, Christelle Le Foll, Christopher S. S. Walker, Debbie L. L. Hay
Summary: This study evaluated antibodies for the detection of RAMP1 protein and found that two antibodies could detect a RAMP1-like band in rodent brain tissue, but with cross-reactivity to other proteins. The anatomical localization of RAMP1 in the brain could not be determined, highlighting the need for comprehensive validation of RAMP1 antibodies. This research has broader implications for GPCR/ligand pairings beyond the field of CGRP.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Thomas A. A. Lutz
Summary: Although small rodents are the most widely used animal models to study diabetes mellitus, non-rodent species like pigs, cats, and dogs also provide valuable insights. Animal models, including both rodents and non-rodent species, are essential for studying energy balance, metabolism control, and the development of metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus. This Review outlines the advantages and disadvantages of selected animal models and aims to establish a basis for their appropriate use in biomedical research.
NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)