Article
Cell Biology
Carla Cristina Miranda Castro, Sayonara Pereira Silva, Livia Nascimento Rabelo, Jose Pablo Goncalves Queiroz, Laura Damasceno Campos, Larissa Camila Silva, Felipe Porto Fiuza
Summary: The study found that there are regional alterations of specific cellular subpopulations in the aging human hippocampus, which are influenced by factors such as age, sex, education years, and the concentration of neuropathological and inflammatory proteins. These findings provide insights into the distinct physiological changes that occur in hippocampal sub-regions and neurotransmitter systems during normal aging.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dipak Roy, Madhuri Puvvada, Sampath K. T. Kapanaiah, Anant Bahadur Patel
Summary: This study used NMR spectroscopy to investigate the metabolic activity of neurons and astrocytes in ALS mice, and found differential changes in metabolic activity, suggesting the involvement of astrocytes in the pathogenesis of ALS.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mattia Aime, Niccolo Calcini, Micaela Borsa, Tiago Campelo, Thomas Rusterholz, Andrea Sattin, Tommaso Fellin, Antoine Adamantidis
Summary: During REM sleep, somatodendritic decoupling in pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex occurs, mainly driven by neurons from the central medial thalamus. This decoupling promotes opposite synaptic plasticity mechanisms that optimize emotional responses to future behavioral stressors.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Dana Marafi, Jawid M. Fatih, Rauan Kaiyrzhanov, Matteo P. Ferla, Charul Gijavanekar, Aljazi Al-Maraghi, Ning Liu, Emily Sites, Hessa S. Alsaif, Mohammad Al-Owain, Mohamed Zakkariah, Ehab El-Anany, Ulviyya Guliyeva, Sughra Guliyeva, Colette Gaba, Ateeq Haseeb, Amal M. Alhashem, Enam Danish, Vasiliki Karageorgou, Christian Beetz, Alaa A. Subhi, Sureni Mullegama, Erin Torti, Monisha Sebastin, Margo Sheck Breilyn, Susan Duberstein, Mohamed S. Abdel-Hamid, Tadahiro Mitani, Haowei Du, Jill A. Rosenfeld, Shalini N. Jhangiani, Zeynep Coban Akdemir, Richard A. Gibbs, Jenny C. Taylor, Khalid A. Fakhro, Jill Hunter, Davut Pehlivan, Maha S. Zaki, Joseph G. Gleeson, Reza Maroofian, Henry Houlden, Jennifer E. Posey, V. Reid Sutton, Fowzan S. Alkuraya, Sarah H. Elsea, James R. Lupski
Summary: SLC38A3 is a novel disease gene for developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, and the likely pathophysiology of the disease is perturbations in glutamine homeostasis.
Article
Cell Biology
Silas A. Buck, Thomas Steinkellner, Despoina Aslanoglou, Michael Villeneuve, Sai H. Bhatte, Victoria C. Childers, Sophie A. Rubin, Briana R. De Miranda, Emma O'Leary, Elizabeth G. Neureiter, Keri J. Fogle, Michael J. Palladino, Ryan W. Logan, Jill R. Glausier, Kenneth N. Fish, David A. Lewis, J. Timothy Greenamyre, Brian D. McCabe, Claire E. J. Cheetham, Thomas S. Hnasko, Zachary Freyberg
Summary: The study revealed the impact of age and sex differences on dopamine neuron vulnerability, with males exhibiting greater decreases in neuron number and locomotion during aging, and dynamic changes in VGLUT expression in dopamine neurons possibly serving as a compensatory mechanism. Female fruit flies were found to possess higher levels of VGLUT expression in dopamine neurons compared to males, and diminishing VGLUT expression eliminated their greater resilience to neuron loss. Optimal control over VGLUT expression in dopamine neurons was identified as essential for neuron survival and a potential therapeutic target for age- and PD-related neurodegeneration.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sarah E. Heron, Brigid M. Regan, Rebekah V. Harris, Alison E. Gardner, Matthew J. Coleman, Mark F. Bennett, Bronwyn E. Grinton, Katherine L. Helbig, Michael R. Sperling, Sheryl Haut, Eric B. Geller, Peter Widdess-Walsh, James T. Pelekanos, Melanie Bahlo, Slave Petrovski, Erin L. Heinzen, Michael S. Hildebrand, Mark A. Corbett, Ingrid E. Scheffer, Jozef Gecz, Samuel F. Berkovic
Summary: Missense variants in SLC32A1 have been identified as causative for GEFS+ and IGE, leading to altered neuronal inhibition by affecting GABA transport. These findings have been validated by studying multiple families.
Article
Neurosciences
Lidia Bravo, Patricia Mariscal, Meritxell Llorca-Torralba, Jose Maria Lopez-Cepero, Juan Nacher, Esther Berrocoso
Summary: This study examined the effects of neuropathic pain on noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) and found that neuropathic pain leads to an increase in excitatory synapse markers and a decrease in mitochondrial and lysosomal densities. Long-term pain also activates apoptosis.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Tomonori Furukawa, Atsuo Fukuda
Summary: During brain and spinal cord development, the inhibitory neurotransmitters GABA and glycine cause depolarization instead of hyperpolarization in adults. This is influenced by changes in the transmembrane chloride gradient, which is regulated by chloride transporters. The endogenous agonists for these receptors are not fully understood, but taurine is suggested to play a role in the development of neocortex by tonically activating GABA(A)Rs and modulating glycine receptors. Taurine also regulates chloride homeostasis through the WNK-SPAK/OSR1 signaling pathway.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Joseph J. Lebowitz, Aditi Banerjee, Claire Qiao, James R. Bunzow, John T. Williams, Pascal S. Kaeser
Summary: In this study, mouse genetics and whole-cell electrophysiology were used to demonstrate that the fast calcium sensor Synaptotagmin-1 (Syt-1) plays a crucial role in somatodendritic dopamine release. Ablation of Syt-1 from dopamine neurons significantly reduced stimulus-evoked D2 receptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents (D2-IPSCs), while D2-IPSCs evoked by paired stimuli exhibited less depression and high-frequency trains restored dopamine release.
Article
Neurosciences
Zhiping Mi, Eric E. Abrahamson, Angela Y. Ryu, Michael Malek-Ahmadi, Julia K. Kofler, Kenneth N. Fish, Robert A. Sweet, Victor L. Villemagne, Julie A. Schneider, Elliott J. Mufson, Milos D. Ikonomovic
Summary: Altered glutamatergic neurotransmission may contribute to impaired default mode network function in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The frontal cortex (FC) may undergo a glutamatergic plasticity response in prodromal AD, while the status of glutamatergic synapses in the precuneus (PreC) during clinical-neuropathological AD progression is not known.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giorgia Targa, Francesca Mottarlini, Beatrice Rizzi, Damiana Leo, Lucia Caffino, Fabio Fumagalli
Summary: Dopamine overactivity reduces the translation and localization of cortical AMPA receptors through altered vesicular sorting. The decreased expression of anchoring proteins and structural markers indicates synaptic instability. Hyperdopaminergia significantly alters the homeostatic plasticity of AMPA receptors, leading to a destabilized and depotentiated AMPA-mediated glutamatergic neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Juan Guo, Mingzi Ran, Zilong Gao, Xinxin Zhang, Dan Wang, Huiming Li, Shiyi Zhao, Wenzhi Sun, Hailong Dong, Ji Hu
Summary: The study reveals that during anaesthetic-induced loss of consciousness, there is a general decrease in cortical GABA transmission and variations in glutamate transmission among different cell types, indicating a disrupted excitatory-inhibitory network leading to consciousness loss.
Review
Neurosciences
Renae M. Ryan, Susan L. Ingram, Annalisa Scimemi
Summary: Neurotransmitter transporters play a crucial role in regulating neurotransmitter concentration and can be dynamically regulated through redistribution and stabilization. This allows for adjustments in uptake capacity for different neurotransmitters in response to changes in neuronal activity, blood flow, and cell-to-cell interactions.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Y. S. Cho, H. G. Ko, H. M. Han, S. K. Park, S. J. Moozhayil, S. Y. Choi, Y. C. Bae
Summary: The study examined the differences in types of VGLUT + axons that coexpress neuropeptides in rat and human dental pulp, suggesting potential variations in peripheral mechanisms of pulpal inflammatory pain between rats and humans.
INTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Meiling Yang, Baozhen Du, Lingling Xu, Huimin Wang, Yanli Wang, Ke Lin, Guofei He, Le Kang
Summary: This study revealed the regulatory pathways in the phase change of locusts and proposed a potential control approach through behavioral regulation in insect pests.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Sawa Horie, Emi Kiyokage, Shuichi Hayashi, Kanako Inoue, Jaerin Sohn, Hiroyuki Hioki, Takahiro Furuta, Kazunori Toida
Summary: This study analyzed the centrifugal noradrenergic (NA) fibers derived from the locus coeruleus (LC) that project to the main olfactory bulb (OB). Results showed that NA fibers release NA from both varicosities and synapses to influence the activities of OB neurons, with the highest density of synapses found in the external plexiform layer. The findings provide a morphological basis for olfactory modulation by centrifugal NA fibers from the LC.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kazuki Okamoto, Teppei Ebina, Naoki Fujii, Kuniaki Konishi, Yu Sato, Tetsuhiko Kashima, Risako Nakano, Hiroyuki Hioki, Haruki Takeuchi, Junji Yumoto, Masanori Matsuzaki, Yuji Ikegaya
Summary: The newly introduced Tb3+-doped glass material emits green fluorescence in biological experiments and is compatible with conventional research environments. Using micropipettes made of Tb3+-doped glass allows for various operations on GFP-labeled cells under real-time fluorescence microscopic control.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Takahiro Furuta, Kenta Yamauchi, Shinichiro Okamoto, Megumu Takahashi, Soichiro Kakuta, Yoko Ishida, Aya Takenaka, Atsushi Yoshida, Yasuo Uchiyama, Masato Koike, Kaoru Isa, Tadashi Isa, Hiroyuki Hioki
Summary: Multi-scale neuronal imaging technique combines different imaging methods and tissue clearing methods to enable observation and analysis of neural circuits at different scales, helping us better understand the brain's connectivity.
Article
Neurosciences
Eriko Kuramoto, Yasuhiro R. Tanaka, Hiroyuki Hioki, Tetsuya Goto, Takeshi Kaneko
Summary: By visualizing the somas and dendrites of PV neurons in transgenic mice, this study clarified the specific connectivity between PV neurons and pyramidal neurons in the cortical circuits. The results showed that layer 6 CT-like pyramidal neurons formed more appositions to PV neurons compared to other pyramidal neurons, preferentially in layers 5b-6. Furthermore, layer 6 CT-like and corticocortical-like neurons formed compound appositions more frequently than other pyramidal neurons. This study suggests that layer 6 CT neurons play a role in intracortical information processing through their connections with PV neurons in layers 5b-6.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuta Yoshioka, Yoshihisa Tachibana, Toshihiro Uesaka, Hiroyuki Hioki, Yuya Sato, Takumi Fukumoto, Hideki Enomoto
Summary: This study reveals that the Uts2b gene is expressed in a microbiota-dependent manner in vagal afferent neurons and is associated with the transmission of sensory information from CCK-expressing EECs to the brain.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kenta Yamauchi, Shinichiro Okamoto, Megumu Takahashi, Masato Koike, Takahiro Furuta, Hiroyuki Hioki
Summary: This article presents a detailed protocol for visualizing neuronal structures in brain tissues at different levels, from mesoscopic to microscopic. By utilizing a modified version of Sca/eSF, the neuronal structures in mouse brain slices are successfully visualized with high preservation of fluorescence signals and structural integrity. The protocol includes a 3D-printed imaging chamber for reliable mounting of cleared brain tissues and a sequential incubation process for tissue clearing. The imaging was carried out using a confocal laser scanning microscope. This protocol is valuable for understanding neuronal structures from circuit to subcellular levels.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Qin Zhao, Tetsufumi Ito, Chika Soko, Yoshie Hori, Takafumi Furuyama, Hiroyuki Hioki, Kohtarou Konno, Miwako Yamasaki, Masahiko Watanabe, Satoshi Ohtsuka, Munenori Ono, Nobuo Kato, Ryo Yamamoto
Summary: This study investigates the histochemical features of DA(DR-PAG) neurons projecting to the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) in mice. Two subpopulations of these neurons were identified, TH1/VIP- and TH-/VIP1, with the latter being non-DA noncanonical DAT neurons. Both subpopulations innervate the same regions, and the TH-/VIP1 subpopulation was found to be VGlut2-positive neurons.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jaerin Sohn, Mototaka Suzuki, Mohammed Youssef, Sayuri Hatada, Matthew E. Larkum, Yasuo Kawaguchi, Yoshiyuki Kubota
Summary: This study reveals that two presynaptic neural circuits regulate the spine dynamics of pyramidal cell dendrites during learning. New spines formed with corticocortical neurons are eliminated after skill acquisition, while persistent spines with axons from thalamic neurons enlarge. This suggests a division of labor in the neural circuits of the motor cortex during skill learning.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yohei Sakamoto, Kenichi Satoh, Takuma Tanaka, Takayuki Yamaguchi, Tomomi Miyamoto, Kenji Sawaki, Makiko Miyajima, Kazuhiko Nakaharai, Tokio Hoshina, Tetsuya Horino, Yasushi Nakazawa, Tatsuyoshi Ikenoue, Masaki Yoshida
Summary: In recovery accommodation facilities in Tokyo, Japan, some COVID-19 patients may require hospitalization if their symptoms worsen. An observational study found that patients with diabetes, the elderly, obesity, and medications for gout and psychiatric diseases were at higher risk of hospitalization, particularly those over 60 years old.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kenta Yamauchi, Shinichiro Okamoto, Yoko Ishida, Kohtarou Konno, Kisara Hoshino, Takahiro Furuta, Megumu Takahashi, Masato Koike, Kaoru Isa, Masahiko Watanabe, Tadashi Isa, Hiroyuki Hioki
Summary: Tyramide signal amplification (TSA) is a highly sensitive method for histochemical analysis. In this study, a fluorochromized tyramide-glucose oxidase (FT-GO) was developed as a multiplex fluorescent TSA system. FT-GO enhanced immunofluorescence signals while maintaining low background signals. It showed a more widespread distribution of monoaminergic projection systems and was successfully used in multiplex fluorescent in situ hybridization.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yoshiko Nakamura, Takaki Yahiro, Akihiro Fukushima, Naoya Kataoka, Hiroyuki Hioki, Kazuhiro Nakamura
Summary: In this study, the bidirectional control of the thermoregulatory center in the preoptic area (POA) was investigated using rats. Prostaglandin EP3 receptor-expressing POA neurons (POAEP3R neurons) were identified as a pivotal bidirectional controller in the central thermoregulatory mechanism. These neurons are activated in response to elevated ambient temperature but inhibited by prostaglandin E2. Stimulation of these neurons reduces body temperature by enhancing heat dissipation, while inhibition of them leads to hyperthermia involving brown fat thermogenesis.
Article
Statistics & Probability
Takuma Tanaka, Tetsuto Himeno, Kaoru Fueda
Summary: This paper provides an overview of the first faculty specializing in data science and statistics in Japan, including its historical context, curricula, collaboration with industry and other universities, career paths of graduates, as well as the massive open online courses and textbooks offered by the Faculty of Data Science.
JAPANESE JOURNAL OF STATISTICS AND DATA SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Shinichiro Okamoto, Kenta Yamauchi, Jaerin Sohn, Megumu Takahashi, Yoko Ishida, Takahiro Furuta, Masato Koike, Fumino Fujiyama, Hiroyuki Hioki
Summary: A novel AAV vector-based technique has been developed to label mouse neostriatal neurons with different fluorescent proteins and analyze their axonal projections. The technique shows high specificity and effectiveness in marking cell populations dependent on specific gene expression.