Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Oren Kadosh, Yoram S. Bonneh
Summary: This study investigated microsaccades during free viewing and found that each saccade provides a stimulus-dependent inhibition, similar to the inhibition observed during fixation. In free viewing, microsaccade latency was shorter for more salient stimuli.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
S. J. S. Isherwood, PL. Bazin, S. Miletic, N. R. Stevenson, A. C. Trutti, D. H. Y. Tse, A. Heathcote, D. Matzke, R. J. Innes, S. Habli, D. R. Sokolowski, A. Alkemade, A. K. Haberg, B. U. Forstmann
Summary: This study investigated the overlap of activation patterns underlying response inhibition and interference resolution using ultra-high field MRI. The results suggest that these two constructs are rooted in distinct brain areas with little evidence of spatial overlap. Common BOLD responses were observed in the inferior frontal gyrus and anterior insula across the two tasks. Interference resolution relied more heavily on subcortical components, while orbitofrontal cortex activation was specific to response inhibition. This work highlights the importance of reducing inter-individual variance and utilizing UHF-MRI for high resolution functional mapping.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Arnaud L. Lalive, Mauro Congiu, Christopher Lewis, Dominik Groos, Joseph A. Clerke, Anna Tchenio, Yuan Ge, Fritjof Helmchen, Manuel Mameli
Summary: Through experiments with mice, it was found that the activity of lateral habenula neurons decreases with the decrease of reward-related stimuli, and this phenomenon can guide reward-driven behavior through synaptic inhibition.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Basak Ince, Sebastian M. Max, Christian Plewnia, Elisabeth J. Leehr, Stephan Zipfel, Katrin Elisabeth Giel, Kathrin Schag
Summary: Behavioral studies have shown that individuals with BED exhibit difficulties in inhibiting responses towards food, as indicated by reduced ERN, enhanced P3, and N2 amplitudes. Specifically, the P3 component predicts task outcomes at follow-up, suggesting it may serve as a potential marker for inhibitory control processes.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Laura Lindenbaum, Inga Steppacher, Alexandra Mehlmann, Johanna Maria Kissler
Summary: The brain activity in people with disorder of consciousness (DoC) is different from healthy people. This study found that there is a correlation between pre-stimulus and post-stimulus brain activity in DoC patients. These findings reveal the differences and variability in brain functioning in DoC patients.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Mate Gyurkovics, Grace M. Clements, Kathy A. Low, Monica Fabiani, Gabriele Gratton
Summary: Research on the nature of nonoscillatory electrophysiological activity similar to 1/f has grown rapidly in cognitive neuroscience. This type of activity, which is linked to the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neural circuits, is crucial for information processing. A study analyzing human EEG data found significant differences in the post-event spectra compared to the pre-event spectra, even after removing the frequency-content of event-related potentials (ERPs). This difference is related to an increase in inhibition and a disruption of ongoing excitatory activity following stimulus onset, proportional to the attentional demands of the task. These findings have important implications for various subfields of neuroscience.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Melanie L. L. Bozzay, Edelyn Verona
Summary: Although limited, this study provides evidence that naturally occurring sleep loss predicts increases in laboratory aggression and shorter sleep duration is associated with reduced motor inhibition processing and greater aggression.
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Kristen Delevich, Benjamin Hoshal, Lexi Z. Zhou, Yuting Zhang, Satya Vedula, Wan Chen Lin, Juliana Chase, Anne G. E. Collins, Linda Wilbrecht
Summary: This study investigates the role of direct and indirect pathway spiny projection neurons (dSPNs and iSPNs) in choice rejection during learning. The results show that activation of iSPNs disrupts rejection of nonrewarded choices. These findings are important for designing interventions to enhance choice rejection in addiction or other conditions.
Review
Neurosciences
Sadegh Ghaderi, Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli, Sana Mohammadi, Farzad Fatehi
Summary: QSM is a sensitive MRI biomarker that can evaluate iron levels in subcortical regions of ALS patients. In this study, magnetic susceptibility values were quantitatively analyzed in the putamen regions of an ALS patient, revealing increased values indicative of iron overload. The review of previous QSM studies in ALS further supported the finding of iron dysregulation in subcortical nuclei.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chia-Jui Hsu, Lee-Chin Wong, Wang-Tso Lee
Summary: This review examines the clinical characteristics, clinical evidence, and genetic studies in vitro as well as animal studies regarding immune dysfunction in Tourette syndrome, suggesting that autoimmune dysfunction may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of Tourette syndrome and related neuropsychiatric disorders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elizabeth A. Disbrow, Nathaniel D. Glassy, Elizabeth M. Dressler, Kimberley Russo, Elizabeth A. Franz, Robert S. Turner, Maria Ventura, Leighton Hinkley, Richard Zweig, Srikantan S. Nagarajan, Christina R. Ledbetter, Karen A. Sigvardt
Summary: This study used magnetoencephalography to investigate abnormalities in cortical networks related to response activation and inhibition in Parkinson's disease. The findings suggest that Parkinson's disease is associated with disrupted beta band activity during activation processes and deficits in un-cued movement initiation. Compensatory mechanisms may be present in the alpha band activity in the pre-supplementary motor area.
Article
Neurosciences
Gabriella Eordegh, Kalman Tot, Andras Kelemen, Adam Kiss, Balazs Bodosi, Andras Hegedus, Anna Lazsadi, Abel Hertelendy, Szabolcs Keri, Attila Nagy
Summary: Visually guided equivalence learning is a special type of associative learning that can be evaluated using the Rutgers Acquired Equivalence Test. This study found that the complexity of visual stimuli strongly influences equivalence learning, with simple geometric shapes performing poorly compared to faces and fish. However, the difference in stimulus complexity did not affect performance in the retrieval and transfer phases of the test.
Article
Sport Sciences
Sebastian Ludyga, Sebastian Trankner, Markus Gerber, Uwe Puhse
Summary: The study found that judo can improve response inhibition in preadolescent children, as shown by a decrease in NoGo error rate and an increase in NoGo N2 amplitude in the martial arts group compared to the control group. These behavioral and neurocognitive changes were correlated, indicating a more effective conflict monitoring in cognitive performance is the likely reason for the improvement in response inhibition.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Kenneth A. Amaya, Kyle S. Smith
Summary: The findings suggest that ChIs in the DLS play a crucial role in behavioral flexibility and exploration.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Monavareh Soti, Hoda Ranjbar, Kristi A. Kohlmeier, Mohammad Shabani
Summary: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Recent studies have shown that modulation of GABA and cannabinoid receptors can improve motor functions in Parkinson's disease patients. Therefore, investigating the changes of cannabinoid receptors in different stages of the disease and utilizing them in treatment could be significant for Parkinson's disease management.
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Stefanie Bartha, Annet Bluschke, Tina Rawish, Kim E. R. Naumann, Paul Wendiggensen, Tobias Baeumer, Veit Roessner, Alexander Muenchau, Christian Beste
Summary: The occurrence of motor/vocal tics is the leading diagnostic criterion for tic disorders. However, extra movements are also common in healthy controls, questioning the usefulness of diagnostic criteria in clinical practice. It is not solely a surplus of movements that defines tic disorders, but rather movement characteristics and patterns.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology
Philip Schmalbrock, Bernhard Hommel, Alexander Muenchau, Christian Beste, Christian Frings
Summary: There is a consensus that stimulus-response bindings are important in human action control. This study investigated how the predictability of stimulus components affects the integration and retrieval of event files. The results showed that the partial-repetition effect was reduced when the distractor was highly predictable. Furthermore, this effect was only observed when the probe distractors were predictable, not when the prime distractors were predictable. These findings suggest that stimulus predictability does not affect the integration of distractor information, but it does affect the retrieval of event files when integrated features are repeated.
ATTENTION PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Shijing Yu, Ann-Kathrin Stock, Alexander Muenchau, Christian Frings, Christian Beste
Summary: Inhibitory control is crucial for cognitive flexibility, but its neurophysiological principles are not fully understood. This study uses EEG methods to investigate the role of theta-band activity in inhibitory control processes. The results show that posterior parietal structures and the inferior parietal cortex are important cortical regions involved in inhibitory control during cognitive flexibility. Theta-band activity plays a crucial role in retrieving previously inhibited representations for the current task. The findings contribute to our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying flexible action control.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lorenza S. Colzato, Julia Elmers, Christian Beste, Bernhard Hommel
Summary: Long COVID is predicted to be a leading cause of disability in Europe. It is characterized by cognitive deficits, anxiety, and depression. Auricular transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (atVNS) is recommended as an ADD-ON intervention to compensate for cognitive decline and alleviate affective symptoms. atVNS enhances mood and cognitive abilities by directly activating brainstem nuclei.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paul Wendiggensen, Theresa Paulus, Annet Bluschke, Adam Takacs, Eszter Toth-Faber, Anne Weissbach, Tobias Baeumer, Christian Frings, Veit Roessner, Alexander Muenchau, Christian Beste
Summary: Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by motor signs. The neurophysiology of motor processes is crucial in understanding GTS. Our study examined the EEG theta band activity related to action file processing in GTS patients and controls. The data suggests that GTS patients use different neurophysiological processes to integrate motor plans.
Article
Biology
Christian Beste, Alexander Muenchau, Christian Frings
Summary: Information processing in the brain is regulated by oscillatory activity, specifically in different frequency bands. The functional relevance of activity in these bands and their interrelation is uncertain. Researchers propose a cognitive-science theoretical framework to better understand and systematize neurophysiological research on human action control.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Josua Zimmermann, Niklaus Zolch, Rebecca Coray, Francesco Bavato, Nicole Friedli, Markus R. Baumgartner, Andrea E. Steuer, Antje Opitz, Annett Werner, Georg Oeltzschner, Erich Seifritz, Ann-Kathrin Stock, Christian Beste, David M. Cole, Boris B. Quednow
Summary: This study used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to measure the glutamate-glutamine complex (GLX) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations in the brains of chronic MDMA users and MDMA-naive healthy controls. The results showed that chronic MDMA users had elevated GLX levels in the striatum, which may offer new mechanistic explanations for cognitive deficits observed in MDMA users. Overall, this study suggests that MDMA use affects not only serotonin but also striatal GLX and GABA concentrations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Anyla Konjusha, Shijing Yu, Moritz Mueckschel, Lorenza Colzato, Tjalf Ziemssen, Christian Beste
Summary: In a randomized crossover study, we found that auricular transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (atVNS) specifically modulates the closing of working memory (WM) gates through the modulation of EEG alpha band activity. This effect was seen in clusters of activity associated with stimulus and motor response information during WM gate closing. EEG-beamforming analysis showed that activity in fronto-polar, orbital, and inferior parietal regions was associated with these effects. These findings suggest that atVNS stabilizes information in neural circuits, possibly mediated by the GABAergic system.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Nele Sophie Bruegge, Gesine Marie Sallandt, Ronja Schappert, Frederic Li, Alina Siekmann, Marcin Grzegorzek, Tobias Baeumer, Christian Frings, Christian Beste, Roland Stenger, Veit Roessner, Sebastian Fudickar, Heinz Handels, Alexander Muenchau
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of modern machine learning approaches in automatically detecting tics in patients with Tourette syndrome based on video recordings. Two different supervised learning methods, manual feature extraction with Random Forest classifier and automated deep neural network, were utilized. The results showed F1 scores of 82.0% (accuracy: 88.4%) for Random Forest and 79.5% (accuracy: 88.5%) for the deep neural network approach. ML algorithms for automatic tic detection based on video recordings are feasible and reliable, and could be valuable for objective tic measurements in clinical trials.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2023)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Antje Opitz, Miriam-Sophie Petasch, Regine Klappauf, Josephine Kirschgens, Julian Hinz, Lena Dittmann, Anthea S. Dathe, Boris B. Quednow, Christian Beste, Ann- Kathrin Stock
Summary: In substance use and addiction, inhibitory control is crucial for ignoring triggers, resisting cravings, and maintaining abstinence. This study investigated the relationship between interference control and chronic ATS use in adults. The findings revealed small effect sizes for ATS-related deficits in interference control, with differences observed between methamphetamine and MDMA users.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Theresa Paulus, Lynn Wernecke, Annik Lundie, Julia Friedrich, Julius Verrel, Tina Rawish, Anne Weissbach, Christian Frings, Christian Beste, Tobias Baeumer, Alexander Muenchau
Summary: Research shows that inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied to the left BA40 is not effective in alleviating tic symptoms in GTS patients. The left BA40 does not appear to be a useful target for modulating tic symptoms in GTS.
Article
Biology
Adam Takacs, Christian Beste
Summary: EEG analysis in participants carrying out a cognitive conflict task indicates that the integration of incidental learning and cognitive control aids our understanding of related adaptive behavior.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Paul Wendiggensen, Astrid Prochnow, Charlotte Pscherer, Alexander Muenchau, Christian Frings, Christian Beste
Summary: Goal-directed behavior requires the integration of mental representations of perceptions and actions. This study investigates the neurophysiological processes involved in the management of perception-action representations, particularly in response inhibition processes. The results show that theta band activity is important in reflecting the dynamics of perception-action representations, while alpha band activity is associated with the integration of mental representations during perception-action. Crucially, there is an exchange of perception-action representations between theta and alpha frequency bands. This study highlights the interplay of oscillatory activity in enabling the management of perception-action representations for goal-directed behavior.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Astrid Prochnow, Xianzhen Zhou, Foroogh Ghorbani, Paul Wendiggensen, Veit Roessner, Bernhard Hommel, Christian Beste
Summary: Individuals organize events in their environment by partitioning them into discrete units. This study reveals that the neural activity in the brain plays a critical role in this process, reflecting the key elements of event segmentation.
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Adriana Boettcher, Nico Adelhoefer, Saskia Wilken, Markus Raab, Sven Hoffmann, Christian Beste
Summary: In daily life, sensorimotor integration processes play a fundamental role in cognitive operations. The pursuit-tracking paradigm is a useful tool to examine sensorimotor integration in a more complex environment than traditional tasks. However, the analysis of pursuit-tracking performance is complicated and the interpretation of performance parameters is often ambiguous. To address this, we introduce an open-source algorithm (TRACK) that calculates a new tracking error metric based on the identification of the intended target position. Applying this algorithm to pursuit-tracking data, we demonstrate its higher precision and provide new insights for investigating pursuit-tracking behavior.
BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS
(2023)
