Article
Clinical Neurology
Sandip Patel, Reid Grinspoon, Bradley Fleming, Lauren A. Skirvin, Christina Wade, Emma Wolper, Patricia L. Bruno, Elizabeth A. Thiele
Summary: CBD has been shown to maintain its efficacy in controlling seizures over a treatment period of up to 60 months, especially effective in controlling seizures in the setting of tuberous sclerosis complex and reducing epileptic spasms and absence seizures. CBD also remains effective over a broad dose range, with most subjects reducing the dose of at least one concomitant AED compared to baseline.
Article
Neurosciences
Peter J. West, Kyle Thomson, Peggy Billingsley, Timothy Pruess, Carlos Rueda, Gerald W. Saunders, Misty D. Smith, Cameron S. Metcalf, Karen S. Wilcox
Summary: The study demonstrates that in this MTLE IAK model, pharmacoresistant seizures are resistant to two representative sodium channel-inhibiting ASDs (phenytoin and carbamazepine) and partially sensitive to GABA receptor modulating ASDs (diazepam and phenobarbital) or a mixed-mechanism ASD (valproate). This model is being incorporated into the NINDS-funded ETSP testing platform for treatment resistant epilepsy.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Beatrice Lemesle, Emmanuel J. Barbeau, Emilie Milongo Rigal, Marie Denuelle, Luc Valton, Jeremie Pariente, Jonathan Curot
Summary: The study confirmed objective deficits in very long-term memory in patients with TLE, even when not detected by standard memory assessments. Epireal showed better performance in capturing autobiographical memory and detecting memory deficits in TLE patients.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Rafael Bernal Cobo, Lilliana Maria Giraldo Tapias, Tatiana Gomez Escobar, Luisa Fernanda Rueda Cardenas, Jose Fernando Zapata Berruecos, Elsa Maria Vasquez Trespalacios, Yessica Maria Giraldo Castrillon, Diego Fernando Rojas-Gualdron
Summary: This study analyzed the factors associated with the duration between seizure relapses in people with epilepsy. The results indicated that difficulties in the prescription filling process, history of multiple types of events, and neuropsychiatric comorbidity were correlated with a lower benefit from treatment to control seizure relapses.
EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Sebastian Griffin, Fabio Stabile, Luisa De Risio
Summary: The aim of this study was to gain insight into how primary care veterinarians in the UK diagnose and treat canine idiopathic epilepsy, as well as their perceived challenges in managing the condition. The results showed that most participants had a low caseload of canine IE and used phenobarbital as the first line treatment. Many participants also found managing client expectations and canine IE emergencies to be challenging.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Elia M. Pestana Knight, Sam Amin, Nadia Bahi-Buisson, Tim A. Benke, J. Helen Cross, Scott T. Demarest, Heather E. Olson, Nicola Specchio, Thomas R. Fleming, Alex A. Aimetti, Maciej Gasior, Orrin Devinsky
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of ganaxolone in patients with CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) and refractory epilepsy. The results showed that ganaxolone significantly reduced seizure frequency in CDD patients and was generally well tolerated. The study suggests a potential treatment benefit for ganaxolone in CDD and further long-term treatment is being assessed in the ongoing open-label extension phase.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Pim B. van der Meer, Linda Dirven, Marta Fiocco, Maaike J. Vos, Mathilde C. M. Kouwenhoven, Martin J. van den Bent, Martin J. B. Taphoorn, Johan A. F. Koekkoek
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of levetiracetam combined with valproic acid and clobazam compared with other triple therapy combinations in patients with glioma. The results showed that there were no significant differences in treatment failure rate, uncontrolled seizure rate, adverse effects rate, and recurrent seizure rate between levetiracetam combined with valproic acid and clobazam and other triple therapy combinations.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Monika Banach, Monika Rudkowska, Agata Sumara, Kinga Borowicz-Reutt
Summary: Experimental studies suggest that amiodarone may enhance the antielectroshock activity of oxcarbazepine and pregabalin, while causing memory disturbances when used in combination with certain antiepileptic drugs. There is a potential risk of elevated brain concentrations of amiodarone when coadministered with oxcarbazepine, topiramate, or pregabalin.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Barbara Miziak, Stanislaw J. Czuczwar, Ryszard Pluta
Summary: Patients with epilepsy may require antidepressant treatment due to the high prevalence of depression in this population. There may be pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions between antiepileptic and antidepressant drugs. Animal data suggest that chronic administration of antidepressants can either enhance or reduce the anticonvulsant activity of certain antiepileptic drugs.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Krzysztof Lukawski, Stanislaw Jerzy Czuczwar
Summary: This study investigated the effects of moxonidine on the anticonvulsant efficacy of various AEDs in an animal model, showing that it could potentiate the protective effect of valproate, possibly through pharmacodynamic interactions, without causing adverse effects when combined with AEDs. Further research is needed to elucidate the potential mechanisms involved in the enhancement of valproate's anticonvulsant action by moxonidine.
BASIC & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Valentina Franco, Meir Bialer, Emilio Perucca
Summary: CBD has shown therapeutic potential in seizure disorders, with progress made in understanding its mechanisms of action and clinical properties. A pharmaceutical-grade formulation of purified CBD has been approved for treatment in certain seizure syndromes, but interactions with other medications, such as clobazam, remain a complex issue. Despite advances, there are still significant gaps in knowledge regarding CBD's antiseizure activity.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Nathan A. Shlobin, Josemir W. Sander
Summary: Comorbidities are common in epilepsy and are associated with a burden on health outcomes, healthcare use, and expenditures. Conceptualizing epilepsy as a symptom-complex rather than a disease helps improve understanding of epilepsy and drives research and improvements in clinical practice.
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Lalit Takia, K. C. Sudeep, Manjinder Randhawa, Suresh Kumar Angurana, Karthi Nallasamy, Arun Bansal, Muralidharan Jayashree
Summary: This retrospective study reported the clinical features and treatment of 10 children with carbamazepine poisoning in India. All children had accidental ingestion and presented with a variety of clinical manifestations, but there were no deaths.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Krzysztof Lukawski, Stanislaw J. Czuczwar
Summary: Approximately 70% of epilepsy patients can be successfully treated with antiepileptic drugs, but drug-resistant epilepsy is associated with poor quality of life and increased morbidity and mortality. Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain pharmacoresistance, and the search for newer AEDs or non-AEDs may provide efficacious drugs. Combinations of AEDs exerting synergy in preclinical and clinical studies could be important in managing drug-resistant epilepsy.
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG METABOLISM & TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Wyatt P. Bensken, Ivan Sanchez Fernandez
Summary: One in four people in the United States who take prescription drugs face difficulties affording them, including patients with epilepsy. Health plans often restrict coverage for newer antiseizure medications, leading to delays in treatment. Neurologists can address this issue by understanding the causes and finding actionable solutions.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
George Anderson
Summary: The article reviews the dynamic interactions of tumour microenvironment cells, highlighting the roles of acetyl-CoA and melatonergic pathway regulation in shaping metabolic interactions. Factors like YY1, GSK3 beta, and AhR are involved in regulating these pathways, impacting the progression of tumours and immune responses. The emphasis on metabolic interactions across cell types provides new directions for future research and treatment in tumours and their microenvironment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sanseray da Silveira Cruz-Machado, Leila Maria Guissoni Campos, Cintia Cristina Fadini, George Anderson, Regina P. Markus, Luciana Pinato
Summary: The study found that 60% of ASD patients showed a significant increase in nighttime melatonin excretion, but the increase was significantly lower compared to controls; 40% of patients did not show a significant increase in nighttime melatonin. ASD patients exhibited higher levels of saliva TNF but not IL-6. Sleep function was correlated with melatonin excretion and TNF levels.
JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
George Anderson, Annalucia Carbone, Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
Summary: The metabolism of tryptophan plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, with AhR activation being a key factor in altering the nature of these responses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Gianluigi Mazzoccoli, Igor Kvetnoy, Ekaterina Mironova, Petr Yablonskiy, Evgenii Sokolovich, Julia Krylova, Annalucia Carbone, George Anderson, Victoria Polyakova
Summary: Melatonin is an important regulator in intracellular neuroimmune-endocrine systems, playing key roles in regulating various biological processes. It can normalize the structure and function of damaged lung tissues through multiple mechanisms, making it a potential treatment option for a variety of pulmonary disorders. Its integration with alpha 7 nicotinic receptor and aryl hydrocarbon receptor in regulating mitochondrial function offers a broader framework for understanding its role in diverse pulmonary conditions.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dmitry Ivanov, Gianluigi Mazzoccoli, George Anderson, Natalia Linkova, Anastasiia Dyatlova, Ekaterina Mironova, Victoria Polyakova, Igor Kvetnoy, Inna Evsyukova, Annalucia Carbone, Ruslan Nasyrov
Summary: Embryogenesis is a complex process regulated by signaling molecules like pineal and extrapineal melatonin, with extrapineal melatonin playing a key role in local hormonal regulation in placenta and ovaries. Melatonin is essential for normal oocyte development, fertilization, and embryo growth, exerting antioxidant effects and activating genes necessary for implantation and blastocyst growth. Additionally, melatonin aids in angiogenesis and may have potential in managing infertility by slowing down ovarian aging and improving the effectiveness of in vitro fertilization.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Editorial Material
Psychiatry
Michael Maes, George Anderson
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
George Anderson
JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
George Anderson
Summary: This article reviews the diverse array of pathophysiological processes linked to major depressive disorder (MDD) and proposes alterations in mitochondrial function, specifically the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway, as a key factor in MDD. It emphasizes the role of astrocytes and their involvement in integrating various biological underpinnings of MDD, including gut dysbiosis, developmental and social stressors, and oxidant-induced changes in gene responses. The article also discusses how social processes, such as discrimination, can physiologically regulate susceptibility to MDD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
George Anderson
Summary: Alterations in mitochondrial metabolism play a critical role in the pathogenesis of cancers within the tumor microenvironment. The melatonergic pathway regulates mitochondrial function and affects cell interactions and gene expression. Tumors manipulate this pathway to enhance their survival and proliferation. Future research and treatment strategies should focus on targeting the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
George Anderson
Summary: The article integrates data on the biological underpinnings of ALS, focusing on the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway and systemic factors. Suppression of this pathway leads to changes in muscle brain-derived neurotrophic factor, contributing to a lack of metabolic trophic support at the neuromuscular junction. Activation of astrocytes and microglia is a driver of motor neuron susceptibility in ALS. Gut dysbiosis/permeability and pineal melatonin play important roles in upregulating the melatonergic pathway. The occupational risk of ALS in farmers, gardeners, and sportsmen/women is linked to exposure to glyphosate-based herbicides.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
George Anderson
Summary: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an immune-mediated condition characterized by the failure of pancreatic beta-cells to produce enough insulin. The gut microbiome, including interactions with Candida albicans infection, plays an important role in T1DM. Gut dysbiosis and gut permeability are associated with immune dysregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. This article reviews data on T1DM pathophysiology, highlighting the significance of alterations in the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway and the role of gut bacteria in driving pancreatic beta-cell loss and autoimmune effects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
George Anderson, Abbas F. Almulla, Russel J. Reiter, Michael Maes
Summary: There is increasing evidence that autoimmune processes play an important role in various medical conditions, including cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and psychiatric disorders. These conditions are associated with alterations in mitochondrial function across cells. The mitochondrial melatonergic pathway is present in all body cells and has important implications for driving autoimmune processes.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
George Anderson
Summary: Platelets not only play an important role in clot formation, but also interact with the gut microbiome and circadian systems. The platelet mitochondrial melatonergic pathway is crucial for platelet activation, fluxes, and plasticity, and has significant implications for the pathoetiology and pathophysiology of various diseases.
CURRENT TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Russel J. Reiter, Ramaswamy Sharma, Dun-Xian Tan, Gang Huang, Luis Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa, George Anderson
Summary: Melatonin has the potential to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by altering cell metabolism, inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition, reversing cancer chemoresistance, and functioning synergistically with conventional cancer-inhibiting drugs. It also induces oxidative stress in cancer cells, contributing to its anti-cancer actions. However, the lack of thorough clinical trials may be due to resistance and limited financial gain from its use, as melatonin is inexpensive and non-patentable.
EXPERT REVIEW OF ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
George Anderson
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)