期刊
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
卷 17, 期 5, 页码 649-660出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.02947.x
关键词
causalgia; complex regional pain syndrome; neuropathic pain; reflex sympathetic dystrophy; Sudeck's dystrophy; sympathetically maintained pain; therapy
资金
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung
- BMBF)
- German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, KFO) [130]
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), formerly known as Sudeck's dystrophy and causalgia, is a disabling and distressing pain syndrome. We here provide a review based on the current literature concerning the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy of CRPS. CRPS may develop following fractures, limb trauma or lesions of the peripheral or CNS. The clinical picture comprises a characteristic clinical triad of symptoms including autonomic (disturbances of skin temperature, color, presence of sweating abnormalities), sensory (pain and hyperalgesia), and motor (paresis, tremor, dystonia) disturbances. Diagnosis is mainly based on clinical signs. Several pathophysiological concepts have been proposed to explain the complex symptoms of CRPS: (i) facilitated neurogenic inflammation; (ii) pathological sympatho-afferent coupling; and (iii) neuroplastic changes within the CNS. Furthermore, there is accumulating evidence that genetic factors may predispose for CRPS. Therapy is based on a multidisciplinary approach. Non-pharmacological approaches include physiotherapy and occupational therapy. Pharmacotherapy is based on individual symptoms and includes steroids, free radical scavengers, treatment of neuropathic pain, and finally agents interfering with bone metabolism (calcitonin, biphosphonates). Invasive therapeutic concepts include implantation of spinal cord stimulators. This review covers new aspects of pathophysiology and therapy of CRPS.
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