Article
Immunology
Charlotte Theroude, Marta Reverte, Tytti Heinonen, Eleonora Ciarlo, Irene T. Schrijver, Nikolaos Antonakos, Nicolas Maillard, Florian Pralong, Didier Le Roy, Thierry Roger
Summary: Trained immunity induced by beta-glucan training can confer long-term protection against lethal bacterial infections by increasing cytokine levels, antimicrobial activity, cell migration, and metabolic activity of white blood cells. The study suggests that training enhances the generation and antimicrobial activity of white blood cells, providing prolonged protection against lethal bacterial infections.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marie Boutet, Zachary Benet, Erik Guillen, Caroline Koch, Saidi M'Homa Soudja, Fabien Delahaye, David Fooksman, Gregoire Lauvau
Summary: Research shows that rapid and effective CD8(+) T cell responses require spatially and temporally coordinated events, delivering activating chemokines locally to CCR2(+)Ly6C(+) monocytes to quickly restrict microbial pathogen growth. CD8(+) T cells recognize cognate antigen on dendritic cells, initiating a burst of chemokines production and delivering IFN gamma and chemokines to CCR2(+)Ly6C(+) monocytes for microbicidal activities.
Review
Immunology
Iwona T. Myszor, Gudmundur Hrafn Gudmundsson
Summary: The innate immune system of the airway epithelium consists of multiple components that work together to protect the host from invading pathogens. Modulating innate immune responses in the airway epithelium to boost host defenses and enhance immune responses is an alternative approach to standard antibiotics. This review discusses the possibilities of such modulation for host-directed therapy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Hannah Darroch, Jonathan W. Astin, Christopher J. Hall
Summary: Immune memory operates in both adaptive and innate immune systems, known as trained immunity. Larval zebrafish, which rely solely on innate immunity, can exhibit a trained immunity-like phenotype and provide protection against subsequent infections for at least 12 days. This form of immunological memory can be enhanced through the administration of beta-glucan, resulting in increased survival and immune response in the zebrafish.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Seon-Hee Kim, Eunjung Cho, Yu Kim, Chungyong Han, Beom K. Choi, Byoung S. Kwon
Summary: The study demonstrates that post-conditioning treatment with anti-CD4 can enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) by promoting the expansion of IL-18R alpha(hi) CD8(+) T cells. This combination treatment accelerates proliferation and differentiation of tumor-reactive CD8(+) T cells and improves tumor suppression and host survival. The enrichment of polyfunctional IL-18R alpha(hi) CD8(+) T cells plays a key role in the induced tumor suppression, mediated by IL-18 signaling and TCR-MHC I interaction.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yi Feng, Shu Yao, Shan Li, Zuxiang Peng, Guoying Feng, Yan Ma, Bo Guo, Hongming Liu
Summary: Homozygous mutations in the AIRE gene lead to APECED by impairing thymic negative selection of autoreactive T cells. Moreover, the study reveals the crucial role of extrathymic Aire-expressing cells in shaping or sustaining memory T cells. These findings provide important insights into the T-cell response to infection.
Article
Immunology
Rita Pombinho, Jorge Pinheiro, Mariana Resende, Diana Meireles, Sirpa Jalkanen, Sandra Sousa, Didier Cabanes
Summary: STAB-1 plays a regulatory role in the immune response and bacterial clearance during Lm infection, as well as in modulating bacterial uptake by macrophages.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bailee N. Kain, Brandon T. Tran, Pamela N. Luna, Ruoqiong Cao, Duy T. Le, Marcus A. Florez, Laure Maneix, Jack D. Toups, Daniel E. Morales-Mantilla, Scott Koh, Hyojeong Han, Roman Jaksik, Yun Huang, Andre Catic, Chad A. Shaw, Katherine Y. King
Summary: Recent studies have found that infection can reprogram hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to enhance innate immune responses, a phenomenon known as trained immunity. In this study using mice, it was discovered that HSPCs activate interferon gamma-response genes heterogeneously upon primary infection, and rare cell populations expand. Macrophages derived from trained HSPCs demonstrated enhanced bacterial killing and metabolism, and a single dose of recombinant interferon gamma exposure was enough to induce similar training. Furthermore, transplantation of influenza-trained HSPCs in mice resulted in enhanced immunity against M. avium, demonstrating cross-protection against different pathogens. These findings suggest that HSPCs can produce long-term bone marrow derived macrophages with enhanced function and provide cross-protection against alternative pathogens.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kyosuke Yakabe, Jun Uchiyama, Masahiro Akiyama, Yun-Gi Kim
Summary: Vaccines improve mortality and morbidity rates by generating antigen-specific immune responses, but individual variability in immune responses to current vaccines and adjuvants approved for human use is a limitation that must be overcome to enhance vaccine efficacy. Gut microbiota impacts vaccine-mediated immune responses and promotes nonspecific responses through the training of innate immune cells, emphasizing the importance of considering the interactions between gut microbiota and innate immunity for optimal vaccine efficacy.
Article
Cell Biology
Paola Brandi, Laura Conejero, Francisco J. Cueto, Sarai Martinez-Cano, Gillian Dunphy, Manuel J. Gomez, Carlos Relano, Paula Saz-Leal, Michel Enamorado, Ana Quintas, Ana Dopazo, Joaquin Amores-Iniesta, Carlos del Fresno, Estanislao Nistal-Villan, Carlos Ardavin, Antonio Nieto, Miguel Casanovas, Jose Luis Subiza, David Sancho
Summary: MV130 provides protection against viral infections by inducing trained immunity. It modulates the lung immune landscape to provide long-term heterologous protection and enhances cytokine production. This study reveals the importance of inactivated bacterial vaccines in preventing respiratory infections.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joao D. Magalhaes, Emanuel Candeias, Ines Melo-Marques, Diana F. Silva, A. Raquel Esteves, Nuno Empadinhas, Sandra Morais Cardoso
Summary: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. It has been found that autonomic symptoms and a-synuclein pathology in peripheral tissues are related in the early stage. By infecting the gut with Listeria monocytogenes, we observed oligomerization of a-synuclein in the ileum, along with a pro-inflammatory response and neuronal mitochondria dysfunction.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Lei Zhao, Xi Yang
Summary: The interaction between dendritic cells and NKT cells is crucial for host defense against infections, as they can modulate each other's immune responses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Renyi Ding, Anjun Jiao, Baojun Zhang
Summary: This article summarizes the prospects and role of therapeutic methods targeting T cells in patients with hematologic malignancies. Studies have found that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. The article discusses the potential of combining TLR agonists with other treatment methods.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eliza Mari Kwesi-Maliepaard, Heinz Jacobs, Fred van Leeuwen
Summary: T-AIM cells are a subset of memory T cells that develop memory features independently of antigen exposure. They exhibit characteristics similar to conventional memory cells, including antigen-specific responses and responsiveness to innate stimuli. T-AIM cells are suggested to provide additional levels of protection against infections and cancer.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Hiroyuki Nakashima, Manabu Kinoshita
Summary: The liver plays a crucial role in systemic immunity and defends against the spread of tumor cells. It contains a higher percentage of innate immune lymphocytes, such as NK and NKT cells, which eliminate malignant cells with their strong cytotoxic ability. These lymphocytes also initiate immune responses by adaptive immune cells, making them important contributors to systemic antitumor immunity. Understanding the mechanisms of these immune cells provides insight for tumor immunity research and potential clinical applications for cancer therapies.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biology
Paul F. McKay, Deniz Cizmeci, Yoann Aldon, Jeroen Maertzdorf, January Weiner, Stefan H. E. Kaufmann, David J. M. Lewis, Robert A. van den Berg, Giuseppe Del Giudice, Robin J. Shattock
Article
Cell Biology
Gopinath Krishnamoorthy, Peggy Kaiser, Ulrike Abu Abed, January Weiner, Pedro Moura-Alves, Volker Brinkmann, Stefan H. E. Kaufmann
DISEASE MODELS & MECHANISMS
(2020)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Anca Dorhoi, Leigh A. Kotze, Jay A. Berzofsky, Yongjun Sui, Dmitry I. Gabrilovich, Ankita Garg, Richard Hafner, Shabaana A. Khader, Ulrich E. Schaible, Stefan H. E. Kaufmann, Gerhard Walz, Manfred B. Lutz, Robert N. Mahon, Suzanne Ostrand-Rosenberg, William Bishai, Nelita du Plessis
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2020)
Article
Immunology
John S. Tregoning, January Weiner, Deniz Cizmeci, Danielle Hake, Jeroen Maertzdorf, Stefan H. E. Kaufmann, Geert Leroux-Roels, Cathy Maes, Annelies Aerssens, Anna Calvert, Christine E. Jones
Article
Microbiology
Yasmina Rodriguez-Sillke, Alexander Visekruna, Rainer Glauben, Britta Siegmund, Ulrich Steinhoff
Summary: The impact of dietary antigens on the immune system, both microbial and dietary, is crucial for the normal development of mucosal immunity. Research suggests that in a healthy gut, there is a delicate balance between recognition and tolerance of dietary antigens, which is disrupted in patients with Crohn's disease. Understanding this mechanism may provide insights into the potential benefits of dietary intervention therapy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Maik Luu, Alexander Visekruna
Summary: The microbiome plays a crucial role in cancer therapy, with its metabolites interacting with T cells to enhance immunotherapy for cancer.
TRENDS IN CELL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Hanna Leister, Felix F. Krause, Rouzbeh Mahdavi, Ulrich Steinhoff, Alexander Visekruna
Summary: The participation of proteasomes in vital cellular and metabolic processes that are involved in tumor growth has made them an attractive target for cancer treatment. Immunoproteasomes have been found to play an important role in tumor development, either promoting inflammation and tumor growth or supporting anti-cancer immunity.
ARCHIVUM IMMUNOLOGIAE ET THERAPIAE EXPERIMENTALIS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anna Hupfer, Anna Brichkina, Anke Koeniger, Corinna Keber, Carsten Denkert, Petra Pfefferle, Frederik Helmprobst, Axel Pagenstecher, Alexander Visekruna, Matthias Lauth
Summary: Increased tissue stiffness can enhance disease progression and support cancer cell growth through promoting stiffness-induced autophagy in stromal cells, mediated by Integrin alpha V signaling pathway. This reveals a potential target for disrupting tumor-stroma crosstalk and manipulating the tumor microenvironment.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Natalie E. Nieuwenhuizen, Joanna Zyla, Ulrike Zedler, Silke Bandermann, Ulrike Abu Abed, Volker Brinkmann, Stefan H. E. Kaufmann
Summary: BCG, the only available vaccine against tuberculosis, was found to have varying efficacy against pulmonary TB based on age and sex. This study revealed that female mice had better protection from BCG vaccination against M. tuberculosis H37Rv challenge, showing lower lung bacterial burdens and less weight loss compared to male mice. It suggests the importance of including both male and female mice in preclinical testing of vaccine candidates.
Editorial Material
Immunology
Paulin Brosinsky, Hanna Leister, Nan Cheng, Xaralabos Varelas, Alexander Visekruna, Maik Luu
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carmen Schiweck, Sharmili Edwin Thanarajah, Mareike Aichholzer, Silke Matura, Andreas Reif, Elske Vrieze, Andreas Weigert, Alexander Visekruna
Summary: The gut microbiota produces a variety of enzymes that can synthesize different metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Recent research has revealed a central role for microbe-derived SCFAs in the interaction between gut microbiota and the host, directly affecting the metabolic activity and epigenetic status of host T lymphocytes. SCFAs play a crucial biological role in promoting the development of regulatory T cells and the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). These small molecules can also circulate and modulate immune cell function in distant tissues, showing therapeutic potential in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elisabeth M. Liebler-Tenorio, Johannes Heyl, Nadine Wedlich, Julia Figl, Heike Koehler, Gopinath Krishnamoorthy, Natalie E. Nieuwenhuizen, Leander Grode, Stefan H. E. Kaufmann, Christian Menge
Summary: This study compares the development of tuberculous granulomas at the site of BCG vaccination and its recombinant derivatives in goats. The results show that granulomas with central caseous necrosis are induced by both BCG and its recombinant derivatives, although the size and extent of necrosis differ between vaccine strains. The recombinant derivatives induce fewer CD4(+) T and B cells and more CD8(+) cells in the granulomas compared to the parental BCG strain. Furthermore, the numbers of multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) and cells with lipid bodies are significantly lower in groups administered with the recombinant BCG strains. These findings suggest that the granulomas induced by BCG and its recombinant derivatives in goats can serve as suitable models to compare reactions to different mycobacteria or tuberculosis vaccines.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Aldo Tagliabue, Diana Boraschi, Luciana C. C. Leite, Stefan H. E. Kaufmann
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julia Figl, Heike Koehler, Nadine Wedlich, Elisabeth M. Liebler-Tenorio, Leander Grode, Gerald Parzmair, Gopinath Krishnamoorthy, Natalie E. Nieuwenhuizen, Stefan H. E. Kaufmann, Christian Menge
Summary: A more effective vaccine against tuberculosis is urgently needed. The recombinant vaccine VPM1002 has been found to be safer and more efficacious than the existing vaccine BCG in mice models. In this study, the safety and immunogenicity of VPM1002 and its derivatives, PDX and NUOG, were assessed in juvenile goats. The results showed that VPM1002 and NUOG induced anti-tuberculous immunity with a comparable safety profile to BCG.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Maik Luu, Burkhard Schuetz, Matthias Lauth, Alexander Visekruna
Summary: The tumor microenvironment consists of various non-malignant cells and soluble factors that surround cancer cells, playing a pro-tumorigenic role. Commensal bacteria have been found to be involved in the pathogenesis and progression, as well as the suppression, of human cancers. Recent studies have revealed the presence of bacterial communities in solid tumors. This review highlights the complex interaction between gut-microbiota-derived metabolites and cells of the tumor microenvironment, and discusses the therapeutic potential of microbial molecules in enhancing intratumoral immune responses and improving cancer immunotherapies.
