Review
Immunology
C. Zografou, A. G. Vakrakou, P. Stathopoulos
Summary: This passage discusses the differentiation of B cells into ASCs, the generation of IgG4 antibodies, and the potential autoimmune disorders caused by loss of self-tolerance. The effectiveness of rituximab in treating IgG4 and IgG1 autoantibody-mediated neurological disorders, as well as the differences in response and long-term remission rates, are highlighted.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Haeun Ko, Chan Johng Kim, Sin-Hyeog Im
Summary: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that mainly affects women in their reproductive years. Type 2 immune responses are involved during the pathology of SLE.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Eunkyeong Jang, Somi Cho, Sungjin Pyo, Jin-Wu Nam, Jeehee Youn
Summary: The study found that spleen-derived CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) myeloid cells promote the accumulation of splenic long-lived plasma cells in lupus-prone mice, contributing to the development of autoimmune diseases. By establishing a positive feedback loop between CD4(+) T cells and SDMCs, it exacerbates the autoimmune response in lupus.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Azusa Kobayashi, Ayaka Ito, Ibuki Shirakawa, Atsushi Tamura, Susumu Tomono, Hideo Shindou, Per Niklas Hedde, Miyako Tanaka, Naotake Tsuboi, Takuji Ishimoto, Sachiko Akashi-Takamura, Shoichi Maruyama, Takayoshi Suganami
Summary: Accumulating evidence suggests that cholesterol accumulation in leukocytes is causally associated with autoimmune diseases, but the mechanism by which fatty acid composition affects autoimmune responses remains unclear. Dietary supplementation of EPA has been found to ameliorate lupus manifestations by remodeling B cell membranes, preventing differentiation into autoantibody-producing plasma cells. These results highlight a potential therapeutic benefit of EPA supplementation for lupus.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Hantao Lou, Guang Sheng Ling, Xuetao Cao
Summary: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by organ damage and a wide range of autoantibodies. The mechanisms of tissue damage and inflammation caused by autoantibodies are not fully understood, but studying autoreactive B cells and pathogenic autoantibodies can enhance our understanding of the origins and targets of SLE. Developing specific therapies targeting pathogenic B cell subsets and autoantibodies remains a challenge. Comprehensive autoantibody profiling and functional characterization can provide new insights into the etiology and pathogenesis of SLE.
JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Yusuke Murakami, Ryutaro Fukui, Reika Tanaka, Yuji Motoi, Atsuo Kanno, Ryota Sato, Kiyoshi Yamaguchi, Hirofumi Amano, Yoichi Furukawa, Hitoshi Suzuki, Yusuke Suzuki, Naoto Tamura, Naomi Yamashita, Kensuke Miyake
Summary: The study showed that anti-TLR7 monoclonal antibody protected lupus-prone mice from nephritis by reducing IgG deposition in glomeruli through inhibiting autoantibody production. In addition, the antibody also suppressed the increase of lupus-associated patrolling monocytes in circulation, spleen, and glomeruli. These findings suggest that targeting TLR7 could be a promising therapeutic approach for lupus nephritis by regulating autoantibody production and monocytosis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Masashi Morita, Masayuki Mizui, Satoshi Masuyama, George C. Tsokos, Yoshitaka Isaka
Summary: The study compares the efficacy and mechanisms of action of conventional anti-CD3 antibodies and non-mitogenic anti-CD3 antibodies. It demonstrates that non-mitogenic anti-CD3 antibodies can effectively suppress the development of lupus by reducing surface TCR.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Wenyan Fu, Yu Liu, Fangjie Liu, Chenghua Liu, Jingjing Li, Jiali Niu, Peng Han, Dan Xu, Jiaojiao Hou, Yuanfang Ma, Jiannan Feng, Zhanguo Li, Rong Mu, Guang Yang
Summary: A conserved peptide HU1 from bacterial biofilms was specifically recognized by approximately 47% of SLE patients' sera, showing a significant positive correlation with lupus nephritis development. Antibodies against HU1 aggravated lupus nephritis in mice and inhibited the activity of protein disulfide isomerase on renal cells. These findings reveal a novel mechanism linking bacterial biofilms to the development of lupus nephritis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Diane Giovannini, Aude Belbezier, Athan Baillet, Laurence Bouillet, Mitsuhiro Kawano, Chantal Dumestre-Perard, Giovanna Clavarino, Johan Noble, Jacques-Olivier Pers, Nathalie Sturm, Bertrand Huard
Summary: The humoral response in autoimmunity often malfunctions, leading to an increase in serum immunoglobulins and the presence of autoantibodies. The infiltration of autoimmune tissues by antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) is another dysfunction. ASCs rely on the microenvironment to survive and must adapt due to the diversity of infiltrated tissues. The origin of infiltrated ASCs can vary, either generated in secondary lymphoid organs or locally in autoimmune tissues.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jessica S. Kleer, Pascal A. Rabatscher, Jessica Weiss, Joel Leonardi, Severin B. Vogt, Andrea Kieninger-Grafitsch, Carlo Chizzolini, Uyen Huynh-Do, Camillo Ribi, Marten Trendelenburg
Summary: The study found that epitope-specific anti-C1q in SLE patients is associated with specific disease manifestations, providing more diagnostic value than conventional anti-C1q.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Rheumatology
Myrto Kostopoulou, Antonis Fanouriakis, George Bertsias, Dimitrios T. Boumpas
Summary: The kidneys have been the focus of attention in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). From 2019 to 2022, the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases published various papers that contributed to the understanding and management of lupus nephritis (LN). This review highlights a selection of representative original papers.
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Meiying Wang, Tatsuya Ishikawa, Yupeng Lai, Dhiraj Nallapothula, Ram Raj Singh
Summary: NETosis is a form of neutrophil cell death associated with lupus. Aberrant NETosis can play diverse roles, including autoantibody production, inflammation, and tissue damage, at different stages of lupus pathogenesis. Targeting NETosis as a treatment approach for lupus is being studied.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jackson S. Turner, Wooseob Kim, Elizaveta Kalaidina, Charles W. Goss, Adriana M. Rauseo, Aaron J. Schmitz, Lena Hansen, Alem Haile, Michael K. Klebert, Iskra Pusic, Jane A. O'Halloran, Rachel M. Presti, Ali H. Ellebedy
Summary: The study found that individuals who had recovered from mild SARS-CoV-2 infections showed rapid decline of serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies in the first 4 months after infection, followed by a more gradual decrease over the following 7 months but remaining detectable at least 11 months after infection. This suggests that mild infection with SARS-CoV-2 can induce robust antigen-specific, long-lived humoral immune memory in humans.
Article
Immunology
Albert Jang, Robert Sharp, Jeffrey M. Wang, Yin Feng, Jin Wang, Min Chen
Summary: The production of autoantibodies by autoreactive B cells is crucial in the pathogenesis of lupus. Autophagy plays a key role in maintaining autoreactive memory B cells, and its deficiency leads to a decrease in these cells and a reduction in autoantibody production. Targeting autophagy may be a potential strategy to suppress autoreactive memory B cells and ameliorate humoral autoimmunity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jeremy S. Tilstra, Minjung Kim, Rachael A. Gordon, Claire Leibler, Haylee A. Cosgrove, Sheldon Bastacky, Kevin M. Nickerson, Mark J. Shlomchik
Summary: Studies have shown that MyD88 in B cells plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of lupus in mice, and its deficiency can improve disease symptoms and reduce autoantibody production. Therefore, targeting MyD88 or its upstream activators may be an effective option for treating lupus.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
David Simon, Koray Tascilar, Katja Schmidt, Bernhard Manger, Leonie Weckwerth, Maria Sokolova, Laura Bucci, Filippo Fagni, Karin Manger, Florian Schuch, Monika Ronneberger, Axel Hueber, Ulrike Steffen, Dirk Mielenz, Martin Herrmann, Thomas Harrer, Arnd Kleyer, Gerhard Kroenke, Georg Schett
Summary: The study found that B cell depletion completely blocks humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, but not T cell response. Limited humoral immune responses were observed in patients with B cell depletion after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Moritz Leppkes, Aylin Lindemann, Stefanie Goesswein, Susanne Paulus, Dominik Roth, Anne Hartung, Eva Liebing, Sebastian Zundler, Miguel Gonzalez-Acera, Jay Patankar, Fabrizio Mascia, Kristina Scheibe, Markus Hoffmann, Stefan Uderhardt, Christine Schauer, Sebastian Foersch, Clemens Neufert, Michael Vieth, Georg Schett, Raja Atreya, Anja A. Kuehl, Andre Bleich, Christoph Becker, Martin Herrmann, Markus F. Neurath
Summary: Bleeding ulcers and erosions are common in active ulcerative colitis, with fibrin layers correlated with rectal bleeding. Neutrophils induce secondary immunothrombosis through PAD4-dependent mechanisms, protecting against acute colitis and rectal bleeding. Deficiency in immunothrombosis can lead to exacerbated colitis and increased bleeding.
Article
Oncology
Antonia M. Stehr, Guangxia Wang, Richard Demmler, Marc P. Stemmler, Julia Krug, Philipp Tripal, Benjamin Schmid, Carol Geppert, Arndt Hartmann, Luis E. Munoz, Janina Schoen, Simon Voelkl, Susanne Merkel, Christoph Becker, Georg Schett, Robert Gruetzmann, Elisabeth Naschberger, Martin Herrmann, Michael Stuerzl
Summary: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), released by neutrophils, have been found in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and are associated with disease progression. This study used high-resolution microscopy to detect citrullinated NETs in colon cancer tissues and found that citrullinated NETs were significantly associated with high tumour grades and lymph node metastasis. In vitro experiments also showed that purified NETs induced filopodia formation and cell motility in CRC cell lines, indicating their potential contribution to CRC metastasis.
JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Qi Fang, Antonia Margarethe Stehr, Elisabeth Naschberger, Jasmin Knopf, Martin Herrmann, Michael Stuerzl
Summary: The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is controlled by neutrophils, which can promote or inhibit tumor progression through the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The interaction between NETs and TIME has different effects on tumor growth and therapy, and further research is needed to understand the specific mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Jasmin Knopf, Aparna Mahajan, Luis E. Munoz, Martin Herrmann
Article
Cell Biology
Julia Elrod, Antonia Kiwit, Moritz Lenz, Holger Rohde, Daniela Boernigen, Malik Alawi, Christoph Mohr, Laia Pagerols Raluy, Magdalena Trochimiuk, Jasmin Knopf, Konrad Reinshagen, Martin Herrmann, Michael Boettcher
Summary: This study evaluated the septic volvulus ischemia-reperfusion model and compared it to two established models in mice sepsis. The results showed that midgut volvulus for 15 minutes caused a comparable mortality rate as the other two models, and at 48 hours, there was a decrease in circulating free DNA levels and an increase in bacterial translocation to the spleen/liver and lungs. In addition, DNases were increased in this model compared to the established models. Proteomic analysis revealed an upregulation of several markers of inflammation and tissue damage at 48 hours. Overall, this study demonstrates that midgut volvulus is a stable and physiological model for studying sepsis.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jeeshan Singh, Michael Boettcher, Maximilian Doelling, Annika Heuer, Bettina Hohberger, Moritz Leppkes, Elisabeth Naschberger, Mirco Schapher, Christine Schauer, Janina Schoen, Michael Stuerzl, Ljubomir Vitkov, Han Wang, Leticija Zlatar, Georg A. Schett, David S. Pisetsky, Ming-Lin Liu, Martin Herrmann, Jasmin Knopf
Summary: Extracellular chromatin, particularly in the form of NETs, plays a crucial role in the progression of various diseases. It functions as a driver of the interferon system, autoantigen, and scaffold for innate immune system proteins. Insufficient clearance of extruded chromatin can contribute to immune-inflammatory and occlusive disorders. This article discusses the cellular events involved in extracellular chromatin release and NET formation, the negative consequences of dysregulated NET formation, and the imbalance between NET formation and clearance. It also explores the role of NET formation in various diseases and injuries, highlighting the importance of targeting chromatin decondensation pathways and promoting extracellular chromatin clearance for effective therapies.
CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Han Wang, Antonia Margarethe Stehr, Jeeshan Singh, Leticija Zlatar, Arndt Hartmann, Katja Evert, Elisabeth Naschberger, Saskia von Stillfried, Peter Boor, Luis E. E. Munoz, Jasmin Knopf, Michael Stuerzl, Martin Herrmann
Summary: During inflammatory responses, neutrophils utilize various defense mechanisms, such as phagocytosis, degranulation, recruitment of immune cells, secretion of anti-microbials, and release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Detection of NETs in tissue sections can be challenging due to the high fluorescence signals emitted from condensed nuclear DNA. However, using anti-DNA-IgM antibodies can effectively detect the extended DNA patches of NETs, providing a new perspective for studying neutrophil-associated immune reactions in diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ljubomir Vitkov, Jeeshan Singh, Christine Schauer, Bernd Minnich, Jelena Krunic, Hannah Oberthaler, Sonja Gamsjaeger, Martin Herrmann, Jasmin Knopf, Matthias Hannig
Summary: The break of the epithelial barrier of gingiva has been a neglected topic despite its significant role in periodontal pathology and transitory bacteraemia. Mechanically induced bacterial translocation in gingiva has been disregarded despite the knowledge of mechanical force effects on tight junctions in other epithelial tissues. In this review, the bacterial, immune, and mechanical factors responsible for the increased permeability and break of the epithelial barrier of inflamed gingiva are discussed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Xue Cao, Yanhong Li, Yubin Luo, Tianshu Chu, Hang Yang, Ji Wen, Yi Liu, Yi Zhao, Martin Herrmann
Summary: The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) plays a role in infection-related and sterile inflammation. Monosodium urate (MSU) crystals are involved in various diseases as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The study demonstrates that the ROS-sensing channel TRPM2 is necessary for MSU crystal-induced NET formation and TRPM2 knockout leads to reduced inflammation. This indicates that TRPM2 could be a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Julia Elrod, Moritz Lenz, Antonia Kiwit, Lina Armbrust, Lavinia Schoenfeld, Konrad Reinshagen, Laia Pagerols Raluy, Christoph Mohr, Ceren Saygi, Malik Alawi, Holger Rohde, Martin Herrmann, Michael Boettcher
Summary: Through optimizing a murine scald model, this study investigated the immune responses to heat induced injury. The study identified the roles of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and DNases in the therapy of burns. It also evaluated the effects of different exposure times on extracellular matrix.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Leticija Zlatar, Thomas Timm, Gunter Lochnit, Rostyslav Bilyy, Tobias Baeuerle, Marco Munoz-Becerra, Georg Schett, Jasmin Knopf, Jens Heichel, Mohammad Javed Ali, Mirco Schapher, Friedrich Paulsen, Martin Herrmann
Summary: Mucopeptide concretions, also known as dacryoliths, are macroscopic stones that commonly block the lacrimal sac. The mechanisms behind their formation are unclear, but various immune cells, including neutrophils, have been confirmed to be involved. This study investigates the role of neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in dacryolithiasis using multiple analysis methods, and proposes a mechanism for the formation and growth of mucopeptide concretions involving neutrophils and NETs.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sarah Schlick, Marianna Lucio, Gerd Wallukat, Alexander Bartsch, Adam Skornia, Jakob Hoffmanns, Charlotte Szewczykowski, Thora Schroeder, Franziska Raith, Lennart Rogge, Felix Heltmann, Michael Moritz, Lorenz Beitlich, Julia Schottenhamml, Martin Herrmann, Thomas Harrer, Marion Ganslmayer, Friedrich E. Kruse, Robert Laemmer, Christian Mardin, Bettina Hohberger
Summary: This study investigated the potential association between self-reported chronic fatigue and retinal microcirculation in patients with Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS). The results suggest that retinal microcirculation may serve as an objective biomarker for chronic fatigue in PCS patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Oncology
Antonia Margarethe Stehr, Guangxia Wang, Richard Demmler, Marc P. Stemmler, Philipp Tripal, Carol I. Geppert, Susanne Merkel, Martin Herrmann, Michael Stuerzl
ONCOLOGY RESEARCH AND TREATMENT
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maximilien Euler, Jonas Hahn, Martin Herrmann, Andriy Mokhir, Markus Hoffmann
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)