Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jan Graffelman, Leonardo Ortoleva
Summary: The statistical methodology for testing Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at X chromosomal variants has seen significant development, with new algorithms reducing computation times for multiallelic variants. However, beyond four alleles, a permutation test is generally considered a more feasible approach. The performance of the X chromosomal network algorithm is evaluated in a simulation study.
MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES
(2021)
Article
Statistics & Probability
Lin Zhang, Lisa J. Strug, Lei Sun
Summary: Modern genome-wide association studies often eliminate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium (HWD) with limited rigor. However, a SNP that is truly associated with a trait may exhibit HWD in the case and/or control populations. Therefore, we propose a new case-control association test that increases power by leveraging HWD associated with true association, is robust to HWD caused by genotyping error, and is easy to implement at the genome-wide level. This robust allele-based joint test incorporates the difference in HWD between case and control samples to improve power and has been shown to outperform the standard association test in various genetic models.
ANNALS OF APPLIED STATISTICS
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Jing Wang, Xuemin Lv, Li Feng, Ang Dong, Dan Liang, Rongling Wu
Summary: Studying the transmission of genotype frequencies in octoploids helps infer population diversity and evolution. This study finds that after 15 generations of random mating, octoploids can reach asymptotic HWE. A statistical procedure is developed to test aHWE in octoploids and applied to analyze real data, demonstrating its usefulness.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ekaterina A. Khramtsova, Melissa A. Wilson, Joanna Martin, Stacey J. Winham, Karen Y. He, Lea K. Davis, Barbara E. Stranger
Summary: Phenotypic sex-based differences exist for many complex traits, and it is important to study the underlying genetics to understand the mechanisms driving these differences. In this regard, a guide outlining the best practices for testing sex-dependent genetic effects in complex traits and diseases is provided, acknowledging the evolving nature of this field. Insights from sex-aware analyses will contribute to the advancement of precision medicine and health equity.
Letter
Cell Biology
Jose Luis Royo
Summary: The proposed association between a common deletion affecting the toll-like receptor 2 promoter and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk has been investigated. However, genotyping results have shown significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. Departure from HWE in a human control population can be caused by natural factors or other issues such as inbreeding, population stratification, or technical problems in genotyping.
Article
Biology
David Gerard
Summary: In this study, we developed two methods to test equilibrium and estimate double reduction rates in autopolyploids. One method is based on maximum likelihood approach, and the other is based on U-statistic minimization approach. We also developed a bootstrap procedure based on the U-statistic for testing equilibrium in small sample sizes and uncertain genotypes.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mahmoud H. Mohammaden, Diogo C. Haussen, Leonardo Pisani, Alhamza R. Al-Bayati, Nicolas Bianchi, Bernardo Liberato, Nirav Bhatt, Dinesh Jillella, Michael R. Frankel, Raul G. Nogueira
Summary: This study found that patients who achieved successful reperfusion after multiple passes during mechanical thrombectomy had better functional outcomes and higher rates of independence at 90 days compared to those with failed reperfusion. Using arbitrary uncontrolled thresholds to predict futile recanalization may lead to premature termination of procedures, highlighting the importance of individualized patient care in these cases.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Kuan Zhao, Gregory A. Korfanty, Jianping Xu, R. Greg Thorn
Summary: This study analyzed the genetic diversity and population structure of the wild edible mushroom Cantharellus enelensis in three regions of Canada. The results revealed region-specific genetic clusters and significant contributions of both local and regional geographic separations to the observed genetic variation. The populations showed excess heterozygosity, and one population did not fit a genetic equilibrium model. The findings suggest that the three regional populations of C. enelensis likely colonized from a common refugium and are diverging through mutation, drift, and selection.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Lin Zhang, Lei Sun
Summary: This report demonstrates that the commonly used linear mixed-effect model in genetic association studies with related individuals can be sensitive to Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium. It shows biases in heritability estimation and association testing in the presence of Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium, contradicting popular belief. Analytical insights and empirical results from simulation and application studies are provided.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Mitzilin Zuleica Trujano-Chavez, Jonathan E. Valerio-Hernandez, Rufino Lopez-Ordaz, Paulino Perez-Rodriguez, Agustin Ruiz-Flores
Summary: The study estimated allelic and genotypic frequencies for loci associated with meat quality in a Mexican population of Braunvieh cattle, finding higher frequencies for certain genes compared to other breeds. The results are encouraging in terms of the potential for improving meat quality in the studied population.
TROPICAL ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jeremy A. Labrecque, Myriam M. G. Hunink, M. Arfan Ikram, M. Kamran Ikram
Summary: The study highlights the importance of interpreting estimates from different case-control study designs correctly, emphasizing the need for careful consideration of study design and parameters when reporting research findings.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Alan E. Stark
Summary: This article specifies the conditions on the mating matrix associated with a stable equilibrium for an autosomal locus with four alleles, using the ABO blood group as an illustration. It also demonstrates how Hardy-Weinberg proportions can be maintained with nonrandom mating.
TWIN RESEARCH AND HUMAN GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Narmeen Mallah, Maruxa Zapata-Cachafeiro, Carmelo Aguirre, Eguzkine Ibarra-Garcia, Itziar Palacios-Zabalza, Fernando Macias Garcia, Julio Iglesias Garcia, Maria Pineiro-Lamas, Luisa Ibanez, Xavier Vidal, Lourdes Vendrell, Luis Martin-Arias, Maria Sainz Gil, Veronica Velasco-Gonzalez, Angel Salgado-Barreira, Adolfo Figueiras
Summary: This study found that NSAID users carrying the e-NOS intron 4 wild type genotype or VNTR polymorphism have higher odds of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (UGIH), with similar results for aspirin exposure. However, non-aspirin NSAID users carrying the e-NOS intron 4 VNTR polymorphism have lower odds of UGIH, although the interaction estimates are not statistically significant. The odds of UGIH in NSAID or aspirin users do not modify according to patient's e-NOS intron 4 genotype, as suggested by this exploratory study.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rasha Alqdwah-Fattouh, Sara Rodriguez-Martin, Diana Barreira-Hernandez, Laura Izquierdo-Esteban, Miguel Gil, Diana Gonzalez-Bermejo, Encarnacion Fernandez-Anton, Antonio Rodriguez-Miguel, Alberto Garcia-Lledo, Francisco Bolumar, Francisco J. de Abajo
Summary: A study found that the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is not associated with an increased risk of noncardioembolic ischemic stroke. In fact, SSRIs appear to be protective compared to other antidepressants.
Article
Plant Sciences
Enrique Pardo, Karen Hernandez, Teodora Cavadia
Summary: This study investigated the genetic variability of Psidium guajava in Cerete, Colombia using SSR markers and found low genetic variability within and between the studied populations.
NOTULAE BOTANICAE HORTI AGROBOTANICI CLUJ-NAPOCA
(2023)